高三语法总复习冠词ppt文档.docx
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高三语法总复习冠词ppt文档.docx
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高三语法总复习冠词ppt文档
高三语法复习冠词
一、冠词的分类
•冠词:
不定冠词(a,an)
定冠词(the)
(零冠词)
二、不定冠词的基本用法
•1.在辅音音素开头的词前用a,在原音音素开头的此前用an。
如:
•agirlaheroauniversity
•anislandanhouranoldman
•★Note:
区分是按元音发音不是元音字母。
•universityEuropean
•one-hundred-poundnote
•houranhonestman
•It’sanhonourtohaveyouhere.
•2、不定冠词表示泛指
•用在单数可数名词之前,泛指某一类人或物中的“任何一个”。
(不定冠词与数词one同源,相当于汉语的“一”,但不强调数目概念。
)例如:
•HisfatherisanEnglishteacher.
•Iamgoingtotellyouastory.
•Acomradeiswaitingforyoudownstairs.
•Imetanoldfriendonmywayhere.
•3、和时间或度量衡名词连用,表示“每一”,例如:
•Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.
•Thetrainisrunningfiftymilesanhour.
•Riceissoldatabout40fenakilo.
三、不定冠词的特殊用法
•1、不定冠词位于专有名词前,使专有名词普通化。
表示某一个,相当于“acertain”。
•AMr.Greenpaidavisittoyouthismorning.
•Ican'trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleftthecity.IonlyrememberitwasaMonday.
•例题:
_____MrZhangiswaitingforyouintheoffice.Iseemtohaveseenhimin____newspaper.
•A.A;/B.A;a
•C./;/D.The;the
•答案选B.
•2、不定冠词位于抽象名词前,与抽象名词连用,使抽象名词具体化,表示“一场、一次、一件”。
•1)表示情感的不可数名词前加不定冠词。
•如:
apleasure一件乐事,
•asurprise一件令人惊讶的事,
•ajoy一件高兴的事,
•apity一件遗憾的事,
•anhonour一个(件)经以为荣的人(事)。
•Thelittleboyisajoytoherparents.
•Whatapleasantsurpriseyougaveme!
•2)不可数名词danger/difficulty/disappointment/failure/help/success/wonder/pressure前加不定冠词表示“一个。
。
。
的人或物”。
•Thisexperimentisagreatsuccesstohumanbeings.
•Heisafailureasateacher.
•3)不定冠词在某些物质名词前,表示“一份”、“一种”或“一阵/场”。
如:
acoffee/tea/frog/rain/snow/wind.
•acoffee一份咖啡aredtea一种红茶astrongwing一阵大风
•4)用于序数词前,表示“又一”。
•例题:
Giveit_____secondthoughtandyou’llfinditwisetoaccept___job.
• A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a
•答案:
C。
asecondthought表示“再次考虑”。
3.不定冠词运用于固定习语中。
•havealookat
•haveahistory(knowledge/population)of
•haveawonderfultime
•insuchahurry/inaminute
•allofasuddenpayavisitto
•makeitarulekeepaneyeon
•givesbahanddosb.afavour
•atadistance
•receive/getaneducation
•inalow/highvoice
•onceinawhile
•asaresult
•liveahappylife
•have/takeaseat
•4。
用于成对的名词前
•acupandsaucer
•ahorseandcart
•aknifeandfork
•ateacherandwriter
•C.f.
•araincoatandacamera
四、定冠词的用法
•1、定冠词表示特指,用在单数可数名词、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前,表示某个(些)特定的人或物。
(第二次提到的或者谈话双方都知道的)
•定冠词与this(these),that(those)同源,有“这(这些)”或“那(那些)”的意思,但指示的意味较弱。
例如:
•Howdidyoulikethefilmthatwesawyesterday?
(名词后面有过去分词短语、V-ing短语、介词短语或定语从句作定语时,其前通常要加定冠词the。
•C.f.Thisisafilmthateveryonelikes.)
定冠词的用法
•ThebooksthatIborrowedhavebeenreturnedtothelibrary.
•Ioughttohavewarnedyouofthedanger.
•YesterdayIsawadog.Thedogwasrunningafteracat.Thecatranintoahole.
•2、在叙述词和形容词最高级前要用定冠词。
例如:
•Thefirsttime(that)IsawPremierZhouEnlaiwasin1958.
•Couldyoutellmetheshortestwaytotherailwaystation?
•★Note:
•Thenhetriedasecondtime.
•amostbeautifulcity
•3、用于指独一无二的自然界现象,或表示方位,左右等的名词之前。
例如:
•Whichisfartherfromtheearth,thesunorthemoon?
•Thewindhaschangedtothesouth.
•Turntotheleftandyouwillfindthepostoffice.
•★[note]:
•Shewasthefirstwomaninspace.
•4、定冠词与某些形容词或分词连用,表示某一类人或事物,如:
•therichthepoortheold
•theyoungthesicktheblind
•thedeadthenewthedying
•thewounded,etc
•★[note]:
作主语时,如指一类人,谓语用复数;如指抽象概念,谓语用单数。
•TheEnglishoftendrinkbeerinpubs.(=Englishmenoftendrinkbeerinpubs.)
•Thenewandprogressivealwaystriumphsovertheoldandobsolete(过时的).
•★Note:
•the+单数可数名词表示一类人、物(整个类属)。
例如:
•Thewhaleisthebiggestofallanimals.
•Whenisthetelephoneinvented?
•Thecomputerhaschangedourlife.
•Ahorseisausefulanimal.
•Thehorseisausefulanimal.
•Horsesareusefulanimals.
•but:
下列情况不能用a/复数名词表示类别。
•Thetigerisindangerofdyingout.
•Thecomputerhaschangedourlife.
•ThebaldeagleisusedasasymboloftheUSA.
•5、乐器前必须加定冠词。
• playthepiano/guitar/violin
•6、年代、时代、朝代前加定冠词。
• inthe1870s
• theMingDynasty
• inthemoderntimes
•7、由普通名词和另外一些词共同构成的许多专有名词前,通常用定冠词,如:
•theUnitedStatesofAmerica
•theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy
•theBeijingRailwayStation
•theBeijingNo.4HighSchool
•例题:
Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis_____partthatitplayedin_____IndustrialRevolution.
•A.不填;不填B.the;不填
•C.the;theD.a;the
•提示:
IndustrialRevolution是由普通名词构成的专有名词,其前须用定冠词。
•答案:
C
定冠词的用法
•8、江、河、湖、海、洋、山脉等的名称前
•theYellowRiver
•thePacificocean
•theAlps
•9、the+人名复数表示一家人
•We’llhavetheSmithsoverthisweekend.
•10、用于固定句型中
•1)beat/hit/knock/strikesb+in/onthe+人体部位
•Iledthechildbythehand.
•Thecruellandlordhitthefarmhandintheface.
•Thepolicemangraspedthethiefbythesleeve.
•例题
•WhenItoldhimhehadtobepaidby____hour,hebecomeangryandhitmeon___nose.
•A.an;myB.the;the
•C.an;theD./;a
•提示:
hitsbonthenose表示“打在某人的鼻子上”,用the。
•答案:
B.
•2)the+比较级,the+比较级,表示越来越……
•例题:
•____moreyouuseadictionary,____moreusefulitwillbecometoyou.
• A.The;theB.The;/
•C./;theD./;/
•答案:
A
•11、在很多习惯用语中须用定冠词,如:
•Inthemorning(afternoon,evening,night,daytime,summertime,etc.)
•gotothecinema(theatre,concert,opera,pictures,opera-house,music-hall,etc.)
•attheageoftheotherday
•onthewaytowiththehelpof
•makethebestuseof
•putsbtothetroubleofdoingsth
•beinthehabitofthetalkofthetown
•attheverybeginning
•bythehouratthesightof
五、零冠词的用法
•1、单个的专有名词(人名、地名机构名);物质名词、抽象名词和复数可数名词表示泛指或一般概念时,不用冠词。
例如:
•Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistory.
•Glasscanberecycledfrombrokenbottles.
•Peaceandunioniswhatwewant.
•Thestreetswerecleanandshadedwithtrees
•★Note:
•但是,当这一类名词具体化时,可和冠词连用。
试比较:
•Doyoulikemusic?
•Doyoulikethemusicofthefilm?
•ShehasadeeploveforourParty.
•Thesnowbeforethewindowhasmelted.
•Therewasaheavysnowlastnight.
•Doyouknowthenamesofthedoctors?
•AmodernChinawillbeborn.
•2、在表示日常饮食的名词前,不用冠词。
例如:
•Haveyouhadbreakfast?
•Dinnerwillbeservedateighto’clock.
•Shearrivedbeforesupper.
•Willyoustayforteawithus?
•但是,如果特指或指具体的饮食时,可用定冠词。
例如:
•Thebreakfastwaswellcooked.
•Hepouredtheteahimself.
3、在四季、月份、星期、学科以及节假日等名词前,不用冠词。
例如:
WehaveclassesfromMondaytoFriday.
Doesyourbrotherlikeskatinginwinter?
Marchisthethirdmonthinayear.
•DoyouspeakGerman(c.f.theGermanlanguage)?
•HeteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.
•4、在表示球类运动、棋类、游戏等的名词前,不用冠词。
例如:
•Let’sgoandwatchthemplayfootball.
•Howabouthavingagameofchess,John?
•Doyouliketoplaybridge?
•5、在称呼语以及表示家庭成员的名词(常大写)之前,不用冠词。
例如:
•Staywhereyouare,girl!
•Myeyesightisstillweak,doctor.
•Tomasked,“WhyisFatheroutofwork?
”
•Auntistakingsisteroutforawalk.
•6、名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有个限定时,不再用冠词。
例如:
•Raiseyourrighthand,please.
•Ishereallygoingtomarrythatgirl?
•Didtheyleaveanyword?
•XiaoWang’smotherhasjustbeenoperatedon.
•7、在表语、宾语补足语以及同位语中,表示独一无二的头衔、职位时,通常不用冠词。
例如:
•Tom,chairmanofthemeeting,willgiveusaspeech.
•In1860,AbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresidentoftheUnitedStates.
•c.f.Thepresidentiscoming.
•Theforeignteacheraskedmetoactasinterpreter.
•HewassecretarytothePrimeMinister.
•8、特殊用法
•1)man/mankind表示“人类”和word表示“消息”时一般不加冠词。
•例如:
Wordcamethathehadbeensavedbythedoctor.
•例题:
Earlyinthemorning____wordcamethatDavidhadbeenmade_____governorofthestate.
•A.the;theB./;/
•C.a;theD./;the
•答案选B.word表示“消息”时一般不加冠词,governor表示头衔不加冠词.
•2)有些物质名词和抽象名词前即使有形容词,也不加冠词。
常见的有:
weather,progress,fun,advice,news,information,work(工作),luck,furniture,wealth,honesty.
•3).Childasheis,hehaspublishedthreenovels.
•4)Afterfouryearsofhardtraining,hefinallyturnedprofessional./Hedidnotappeartobethetypewhichcouldbepersuadedtoturntraitor.
•5)名词加数字前不加冠词
•Room203
•*6)在若干独立结构中,不用冠词。
例如:
•Thehunterenteredtheforest,guninhand.
•Hesatatthetable,coatoff,headdown,andpeninhand.
•9、在某些习惯用语中,不用冠词,如:
•1)表示建筑物等地点名词的用途
•gotoschool(college,hospital,class,church,bed,prison,market,court,etc.)
•beinbed(hospital,prison,church,etc.)
•beatschool(college,church,market,etc.)
•c.f.
•Mydaughterhasgonetoschool.(指上学)
•I’mgoingtotheschooltoseetheheadmaster.(指地点)
•Hehasstayedinbedforseveraldays.(指卧床休息)
•Liedownonthebed.(指地点)
•Hewassenttoprisonwithoutanyreason.(指关进监狱)
•Theydrovepasttheprison.(指地点)
•2)表示交通工具
•Come(go)bybike(bus,train,car,boat,ship,plane,air,etc.)
•Come(go)onfoot(horseback)
•c.f.
•rideonthebike(onahorse)
•getonthebus
•3)表示时间
•atdawn(daybreak,sunrise,sunset,noon,dusk,night,midnight,etc.)
•4)与work,home,town,sea连用的一些表达法
•beatwork(home,sea)
•gotowork(town,sea,sleep)
•go(come,get,arrive,reach,hurry,leave)home
•5)在以in或with结构表示某种情感或状态时,不加冠词。
•如:
indanger/hunger/fear/sorrow/safety/trouble/surprise.
•或tremblewithfear(由于害怕而颤抖)/crywithanger(由于生气而哭泣)
•5)其他短语
husbandandwifefatherandson
richandpoordayandnight
oldandyoungknifeandfork
everyotherdayarminarm
shoulderbyshoulderhandinhand
sidebysidefrombeginningtoend
stepbystepfromheadtofoot
facetofacecatchfire
loseheartmakewayfor/makeroomfor
sendword/leavewordsetsail
bychanceonpurpose
beinchargeofonhand
infear/insurpriseinspiteof
outofdatebeinplace
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