机械外文翻译文献翻译压力容器技术进展.docx
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机械外文翻译文献翻译压力容器技术进展.docx
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机械外文翻译文献翻译压力容器技术进展
机械外文翻译文献翻译压力容器技术进展
机械专业中英文文献翻译
英文原文
TheAchievementsontheTechnologyofthePressureVessels
AbstractRecentlyEuropeanandU.Shaveissuedtheirpressureequipmentcodes.Especiallyinthepressurevesselcode,TheEN13445fromEuropeanandtheASMEVIII-22007fromU.Ssignificantlychangedthetechnicalcontentsandhandoutthenewdesignmodelandthemethodsonthefoundationofagrandscaleresearch.
KeyWordsPressureVesselsTechnologyProgress
A.Introduction
Nowthewholeworldhasenteredaperiodofeconomyglobalization.Standardinternationalizationisaninexorabletrendofeconomicglobalization.Thecharacteristicsofdevelopmenttrendofcurrentstandardtechnologyareasfollows:
1.Designmethodagainstfailuremode;
2.Widelyapplicationofcomputertechnology;
3.Moreeconomicconstructionmethods;
4.Technicalspecificationwhichreflectedcomprehensiveconstruction
technology;
5.Morewideapplicationrangeofproductspecification.
6.Toseeknationalcompetitivecapacityininternationaltrade.B.DevelopmentinPressureVesselDesignTechnology
1.TechnologyDevelopmentinMaterialsUsedforPressureVessels
Inrecentyears,Itisobvious,thatthepressurevesselproductsaregettinglargerand
largerandwithhightechnicalreferences.Nowadays,themainresearchachievementandtechnicalprogressinpressurevesselmaterialsareasfollows:
2.DevelopmentinDesignTechnology
Modernstructuredesignforpressurevesselisgettingridofthetraditionalconceptstepbystep,toreflectthedesignconceptwithcansatisfytechnologyrequirement.In
theviewoffailuremode,undertheprerequisiteofsafety,actualresult,safetyand
economicbenefitarecombinedharmoniously.
(1)DesignMethodinAccordanceWithFailureMode:
Synthesizingthetechnicalstandardofmainindustrialcountriesintheworld,consultingthecontentofEuropeanstandards,theinternationalstandardISO16528classifiesthecommonfailuremodesofboilersandpressurevesselsinto3classesand
14kinds,thatclearlydefinesthedesigntechnicalapplicationconceptagainstfailure
modes:
Shorttermfailuremodes:
机械专业中英文文献翻译
Brittlefracture
Ductilerupture
Leakageatjointsduetoexcessivedeformations
Crackformationorductiletearingduetoexcessivelocalstrains
Instability–elastic,plasticorelastic-plastic
Longtermfailuremodes:
CreepRupture
Creep-excessivedeformationsatmechanicaljointsorresultingin
unacceptabletransferofload
Creepinstability
Erosion,corrosion
Environmentallyassistedcrackinge.g.stresscorrosioncracking,hydrogen
inducedcracking,etc
Cyclicfailuremodes:
Progressiveplasticdeformation
Alternatingplasticity
Fatigueunderelasticstrains(mediumandhighcyclefatigue)orunder
elastic-plasticstrains(lowcyclefatigue)
Forpressureequipmentstandard,atleastthefollowingfailuremodesmustbeconsideredindefinitionofdesigncriterionandmethods:
Brittlefracture
Ductilerupture
Leakageatjoints
Elasticorplasticinstability
(2)ComplicateConstitutiveRelationshipandStructure
Alongwiththerapiddevelopmentofcomputercapacity,nowthepressurevesseldesigntechnologyalreadycansolvetheproblemsaboutverycomplicateconstitutiverelationshiporengineeringwithcomplicatestructure.suchas:
Materialswithdifferentspecificationindifferentdirection:
composite
materials,fiberwindingpressureequipment;
Combinedstructureanalysisdesign:
closedstructurecombinedbyflanges,
gasketsandbolts,contactofmultilaminateshells;
Bucklingandbackbucklingofcomplicatestructure:
stabilityanalysisof
largepolesandcombinedstructureofshell;
Dynamicresponseofcombinedstructure:
earthquakeresponse,piping
vibrationfluidinductingvibration,etc.
(3)Large-ScaleNumericalValueAnalysis机械专业中英
文文献翻译
Traditionalcomputeraideddesign(CAD)hasalreadytransitedintoComputeraidedengineering(CAE)stepbystep.
(4)AnalysisofMulti-PhysicalFieldCoupling
Formodernpressureequipment,theinteractionbetweenfluidandsolidmustbesolvedexactly,atthesametime,thermalanalysisandimpactanalysisareindispensabletechnicalmethods.Therefore,thefollowingproblemsmustbesolvedtoo:
Couplingoffluidandsolid:
largevessels,transportationtanks,flowing
insidepiping
Multiphaseflowing:
boilercombustion,combustionandreflectionof
fluidizedbed
Heattransferandmedium:
plateheatexchanger,efficiencyofcolumnplate,
efficiencyofdistributor.
Impactload:
water-hammerphenomenon,impact机
械专业中英文文献翻译
(5)MethodtoChangeSafetyCoefficient
Inordertoincreasethecompetitionofhomemadeproducts,itisauniversaltrendfor
countriesandregionsallovertheworldtodecreasethesafetycoefficient.TheUSstandard(ASME)andEuropeanunifiedstandardforpressurevessels(undermaking)alsodecreasedrelativesafetycoefficient.InASMECodeSec.VIIIDiv.1(2007
edition)nbhasbeendecreasedto3.5from4.0.AndinASMECodeSec.VIIIDiv.2
[4]
beendecreasedto2.4from3.0.Whiletheminimumvalueof(2007edition)nbhas
nbinEuropeanunifiedstandardforpressurevesselsis1.875.InChineseneweditionofSafetyTechnologySupervisionRulesforPressureVessel,safetycoefficienthas
[5]
beendecreasedto2.7.from3.0,safetycoefficientnbdesignedinaccordancewithanalysisdesignmethodhasbeendecreasedto2.4from2.6,therelativetechnicalstandardGB150andJB4732willbeadjustedtoo.
(6)StructureChangeDuetoSafetyConcept
Inmodernpressurevesseldesign,thedesignershavetoconsidernotonlysafetyandtechnologyrequirementbutalsoenvironmentprotectionandsavingresources.C.DevelopingTrendofInternationalPressureEquipmentStandardTechnologyThedevelopingtrendofinternationalpressureequipmentstandardtechnologyhasthefollowingfeathers:
1.CoordinationbetweenTechnicalRulesandTechnicalStandards:
Statetechnicalrulesaremandatoryrulesestablishedbythegovernmenttoguaranteethesafetyofpressurevesselsproducts,productswithinitsjurisdictionhavetoobeyits
safetyprinciples,whiletechnicalstandardsarerecommended,theystipulaterelative
technicalindexforproductsqualitytoguaranteethesafetyofpressurevesselsproducts.butthetechnicalindexstipulatedbythestandardsmustbeinaccordancewithsafetyprinciplesoftherules.Technicalstandardsmaybeusedtoguidedesign,
机械专业中英文文献翻译
construction,inspectionandacceptanceofpressurevessels,theyaretheplatformof
technicalassessmentbetweenpressurevesselproductconstructionandtrade.2.ResearchforBasicPropertiesofPressureVesselMaterials:
(1)LowTemperatureImpactProperties:
toresearchthelawsofmaterialslowtemperatureimpactpropertiesinfluencedbymaterialssize,conditions,thicknessand
stressstate,toarisethedeterminingmethodofallowedlowestdesignmetaltemperature(MDMT)forChinesetechnicalstandardinaccordancewiththeperformanceofChinesematerialsandrulesofbreakingmechanics
(2)ChartforDeterminingShellThicknessofComponentsunderExternalPressure:
tostudystress-stainrelationshipofpressurevesselmaterialsincommonuse.,toestablishcalculatingmethodtangentialelasticmodulusofmaterialsinplasticphase,
toarisechartsfordeterminingshellthicknessofcomponentsunderexternalpressure
(3)TestingTechnologyforMaterialsPropertiesofMicroSamples:
toestablishtestingcenterformicrosamples,tostudyvisualtechnologyforsmallpunchtest,microsampletestaswellastestprocess,toprovidetechnicalsupportforsafetyevaluationandlifeanalysisofpressurevessels
3.StudyforDesignMethodofPressureVessels
(1)FailureMode:
tostudythepressuretypicalfailuremodeofpressurevesselsas
wellasitsmechanismandcriterion;toestablishdesignrulesinthebaseoffailuremode;toguaranteeintrinsicsafetyofpressurevessels;
(2)DesignMethodbasedonFailureMode:
toarisecalculationmethodforplasticcollapseloadofpressurevesselswithcomplexstructureagainstfivemainfailuremodeasgeneralplasticdeformationfailure,increasingplasticdeformationfailure,out
ofstaticfailure,fatiguefailureandstaticbalancefailurewithconsiderationofthermal
load,mechanicalload,variedloadandtheircombination;tomakeknowntherelationshipbetweenpartialfailurestainandstress;arisesub-safetycoefficient;to
establishdesignevaluationmethodforpressurevesselsonthebaseoffailuremodes;
(3)DesignMethodforSealingStructureontheBaseofLeakageRate:
tostudydesignmethodoflargediameterandhighpressure,evaluationmethodforsealingeffectivenessofsealingstructureanddesignmethodforsealingstructureonthebase
ofleakagerate.
(4)DigitalDesignMethodforPressureVesselswithoutLifeLimit:
toestablish
simulatingcenterofpressurevessels;throughstudyforsimulationofstructureandmaterialsproperties,coupling(inter-actionoffluid-structure,soil-structure–fluid),
extendpressurevesseloperationfromnormaloperationtosafetyoperationwithhighefficiencyinitslifewithoutlimit(comprehensiveconsiderationofconstruction,manufacture,operation,maintainabandon);toincreasecreatingdesigncapacityand
机械专业中英文文献翻译
technicalleverofpressurevessels;todecreasetestingtimes;tospeedupdevelopment
ofpressurevessels;
4.StudyforKeyTechnologyofPressureVesselManufacture
(1)Welding:
tostudyforecastingandcontrolmethodsofresidualstress;methodof
defectinspection,evaluationandcontrol;
(2)HeatTreatment:
Tostudymaterialsandequipmentsperformanceregulationef
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