英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释英文版.docx
- 文档编号:25065214
- 上传时间:2023-06-04
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:15
- 大小:21.27KB
英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释英文版.docx
《英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释英文版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释英文版.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释英文版
TheBasicElementsofAppreciatingEnglishPoetry
1.Whatispoetry?
ØPoetryistheexpressionofImpassionedfeelinginlanguage.
Ø“Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings:
ittakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility.”
Ø“Poetry,inageneralsense,maybedefinedtobetheexpressionoftheimagination.”
ØPoetryistherhythmicalcreationofbeauty.
ØPoetryistheimageofmanandnature.
Ø“诗言志,歌咏言。
”---《虞书》
Ø“诗言志之所以也。
在心为志,发言为诗。
情动于中而行于言,言之不足,则嗟叹之;嗟叹之不足,故咏歌之;咏歌之不足,不知手之舞之,足之蹈之也。
情发于声;声成文,谓之音。
”
---《诗·大序》
Ø“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉,注入了思想与情感,而凝结了形象,终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。
”---艾青:
《诗论》
2.TheSoundSystemofEnglishPoetry
a.Theprosodicfeatures
ØProsody(韵律)---thestudyoftherhythm,pause,tempo,stressandpitchfeaturesofalanguage.
ØChinesepoetryissyllable-timed,Englishpoetryisstress-timed.
ØStress:
TheprosodyofEnglishpoetryisrealizedbystress.Onestressedsyllablealwayscomestogetherwithoneormoreunstressedsyllables.
eg.Tiger,/tiger,/burning/bright
Inthe/forest/ofthe/night,
Whatim/mortal/handor/eye
Couldframethy/fearful/symme/try?
---W.Blake
Length:
itcanproducesomerhetoricalandartisticeffect.
eg.Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,
Thelowingherdwindslowlyo’erthelea,
ThePloughmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,
Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.
---ThomasGray
Longvowelsanddiphthongsmakethepoemslow,emotionalandsolemn;shortvowelsquick,passionate,tenseandexciting.
Pause:
itservesfortherhythmandmusicalityofpoetry.
b.Meterormeasure(格律)
poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis+thesis;
Meterormeasurereferstotheformationwayofstressedand
unstressedsyllables.
Fourcommonmeters:
a)Iambus;theiambicfoot(抑扬格)
eg.Shewalks/inbeau/ty,like/thenight
Ofcloud/lessclimes/andstar/ryskies;
Andall/that’sbest/ofdark/andbright
Meetin/heras/pectand/hereyes.---Byron
b)Trochee;thetrochaicfoot(扬抑格)
eg.Never/seekto/tellthy/love,
Lovethat/never/toldcan/be.---Blake
c)Dactyl;thedactylicfoot(扬抑抑格)
eg.Cannonto/rightofthem,
Cannonto/leftofthem.
Cannonin/frontofthem,
Volley’dand/thunder’d.---Tennyson
d)Anapaest;theanapesticfoot(抑抑扬格)
eg.Break,/break,/break,
Onthycold/greystones,/Osea!
AndIwould/thatmytongue/couldutter
Thethought/thatarise/inme.---Tennyson
c)Othermeters
Amphibrach,theamphibrachicfoot(抑扬抑格);
Spondee,thespondaicfoot(扬扬格);
Pyrrhic,thepyrrhicfoot(抑抑格);
d)Actalecticfoot(完整音步)andCactalecticfoot(不完整音步)
eg.Richthe/treasure,
Sweetthe/pleasure.(actalecticfoot)
Tiger,/tiger,/burning/bright,
Inthe/forest/ofthe/night.(cactalecticfoot)
e)Typesoffoot
monometer(一音步)
dimeter(二音步)
trimeter(三音步)
tetrameter(四音步)
pentameter(五音步)
hexameter(六音步)
heptameter(七音步)
octameter(八音步)
Wehaveiambicmonometer,trochaictetrameter,iambic
pentameter,anapaestictrimeter,etc.,whenthenumberof
footandmeteraretakentogetherinapoem.
C.Rhyme
Whentwoormorewordsorphrasescontainanidentical
orsimilarvowelsound,usuallystressed,andthe
consonantsoundsthatfollowthevowelsoundare
identicalandprecededbydifferentconsonants,arhyme
occurs.
ØItcanroughlybedividedintotwotypes:
internalrhymeandendrhyme
Internalrhyme
a)alliteration:
therepetitionofinitialidenticalconsonantsoundsoranyvowelsoundsinsuccessiveorcloselyassociatedsyllables,esp.stressedsyllables.
eg.Thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew,
Thefurrowfollowedfree.
---Coleridge
Islip,Islide,Igloom,Iglance,
Amongmyskinningswallows.
---Tennyson
Whereatwithblade,withbloodyblamefulblade,
Hebravelybroachedhisboilingbloodybreast.
---Shakespeare
“Consonantcluster”(辅音连缀)
“internalorhiddenalliteration”(暗头韵)asin
“Hereinthelongunlovelystreet”(Tennyson)
TheScian&theTeianmuse,
Thehero’sharp,thelove’slute,
Havefoundthefameyourshoresrefuse.
---Byron
b)Assonance(腹韵/元音叠韵/半谐音):
therepetitionofsimilaroridenticalvowelsoundsinalineendingwithdifferentconsonantsounds.
eg.Donotgogentleintothatnight
Oldageshouldburnandraveatcloseofday.
Rage,rageagainstthedyingofthelight.
Thoughwisemenattheirendknowdarkisright,
Becausetheirwordshaveforkednolightningthey
Donotgogentleintothatnight.
c)Consonance(假韵):
therepetitionoftheendingconsonantsoundswithdifferentprecedingvowelsoftwoormorewordsinaline.
eg.Atonceavoicearoseamong
Thebleaktwigsoverhead
Inafull-heartedevensong
Ofjoyillimited.
---Hardy
Endrhyme:
linesinapoemendinsimilaroridentical
stressedsyllables.
a)Perfectrhyme
Perfectrhyme(intwoormorewords)occursinthefollowingthreeconditions:
identicalstressedvowelsounds(lie--high,stay--play);
thesameconsonantsaftertheidenticalstressedvowels(park--lark,fate--late);
differentconsonantsprecedingthestressedvowels(first–burst);
follow—swallow(perfectrhyme)
b)imperfect/halfrhyme:
thestressedvowelsintwoormorewordsarethesame,buttheconsonantsoundsafterandprecedingaredifferent.
eg.fern—bird,faze—late,like—right
c)Masculineandfemininerhyme
eg.SometimeswhenI’mlonely,
Don’tknowwhy,
KeepthinkingIwon’tbelonely
Byandby.
---Hughes
ThecomradeofthywanderingsoverHeaven,
Asthen,whentooutstripthyskieyspeed
Scarceseem’davision;Iwouldne’erhavestriven…
---Shelley
Rhymescheme(韵式)
a)Runningrhymescheme(连续韵)
twoneighbouringlinesrhymedinaabbccdd:
eg.Tiger,tiger,burningbright
Intheforestsofthenight,
Whatimmortalhandoreye
Couldframethyfearfulsymmetry?
Inwhatdistantdeepsorskies
Burntthefireofthineeyes?
Onwhatwingsdareheaspire?
Whatthehanddareseizethefire?
b)Alternatingrhymescheme(交叉韵)
rhymedeveryotherlineinababcdcd:
eg.ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?
Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:
RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,
Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:
---Shakespeare
c)enclosingrhymescheme(首尾韵)
Inaquatrain,thefirstandthelastrhymed,andthesecondandthethirdrhymedinabba:
eg.Whenyouareoldandgrayandfullofsleep,
Andnoddingbythefire,takedownthisbook,
Andslowlyread,anddreamofthesoftlook
Youreyeshadonce,andoftheirshadowsdeep;
---W.B.Yeats
D.Formofpoetry(stanzaicform)
a)couplet:
astanzaoftwolineswithsimilarendrhymes:
eg.Alittlelearningisadangerousthing;
Drinkdeep,ortastenotthePierianSpring.
b)heroiccouplet:
arhymingcoupletofiambicpentameter:
eg.OcouldIflowlikethee,andmakethystream
Mygreatexample,asitismytheme:
---Denham
Thensharethypain,allowthatsadrelief;
Ah,morethanshareit,givemeallthygrief.
---Pope
c)Triplet/tercet:
aunitorgroupofthreelines,usu.rhymed
eg.Heclaspsthecragswithcrookedhands;
Closetothesuninlonelylands,
Ringedwiththeazureworld,hestands.
Thewrinkledseabeneathhimcrawls:
Hewatchesfromhismountainswalls,
Andlikeathunderbolthefalls.
---Tennyson
d)quatrain:
astanzaoffourlinesrhymedorunrhymed.
eg.Omyluveislikeared,redrose,
That’snewlysprunginJune;
Omyluveislikethemelodie
That’ssweetlyplay’dintune.
Asfairartthou,mybonielass,
SodeepinluveamI;
AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,
Tilla’theseasgangdry.
---Burns
e)Sonnet:
afixedverseformofItalianoriginconsistingof
14linesthatarecharacteristicallyiniambicpentameter:
ThePetrarchan/Italiansonnet(FrancescoPetrarch):
twoparts:
octave,askingquestion,presentingaproblem,
orexpressinganemotionaltensionrhymingabbaabba;
whilethesestet,solvingtheproblemrhymingcdecde,
cdecde,orcdcdcd.
Shakespearean/Englishsonnet:
arrangedusuallyintothreequatrainsandacouplet,
rhymingababcdcdefefgg.Thefirstquatrainintroduces
asubject,thesecondexpands,andoncemoreinthethird,
andconcludesinthecouplet.
Spenseriansonnet:
threequatrainsandacoupletrhyming
ababbcbccdcdee;
Miltonicsonnet:
simplyanltaliansonnetthateliminatesthe
pausebetweentheoctaveandsestet.
f)Blankverse:
theunrhymediambicpentameter
eg.Tobe,ornottobe:
thatisthequestion:
Whether’tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer
Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,
Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,
Andbyopposingendthem?
Todie:
tosleep;
---Shakespeare
g)Freeverse:
poetrythatisbasedonirregularrhythmic
cadenceoftherecurrence,withvariations,ofphrases,
imagesandsyntacticalpatternsratherthanthe
conventionaluseofmeter.
eg.Days
Whataredaysfor?
Daysarewherewelive.
Theycome,theywakeus
Timeandtimeover.
Theyaretobehappyin
Wherecanwelivebutdays?
Ah,solvingthatquestion
Bringthepriestanddoctor
Intheirlongcoats
Runningoverthefields.
---PhilipLarkin
3.ThesemanticsystemofEnglishpoetry
a.Themeaningofpoetry
Poetryis“theonepermissiblewayofsayingonething
andmeaninganother”.(Frost)
Themeaningofapoemusuallyconsistsofthreelevels,
thatis,theliteral(thelowest),thesensory(themedium)
andtheemotional(thehighest).
b.Image---thesoulofthemeaninginpoetry
a)Definition:
“languagethatevokesaphysicalsensation
producedbyoneormoreofthefivesenses---sight,
hearing,taste,touchandsmell.”(Kirsz
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 诗歌 鉴赏 名词解释 英文
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)