高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义含参考答案.docx
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高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义含参考答案.docx
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高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义含参考答案
高考英语语法突破四大篇
:
专题4 数词
框架结构图
基数词的构成及作用
1.常用基数词表
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
one
eleven
thirty
two
twelve
forty
three
thirteen
fifty
four
fourteen
sixty
five
fifteen
seventy
six
sixteen
eighty
seven
seventeen
ninety
eight
eighteen
hundred
nine
nineteen
thousand
ten
twenty
million/billion
2.基数词构成歌诀
1至12逐个记,13至19teen结尾。
20至90整十位,ty结尾是后缀。
要是表示“几十几”,连字符十位连个位。
若要表示“几百几”,hundred之后and立。
若要用于复合形容词,连字符相连不加-s。
注意:
(1)hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有基数词或several时,须用单数;与of连用时,用复数,但其前面不能再加数词。
如:
sixhundredpeople hundredsofpeople
(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时,用单数,of可省略;当dozen后面接these,those,them,us等词时,须先接of,再接这些词,但dozen仍不加-s;dozensof中的of不可省。
score用法和dozen相当,但of一般不省略。
severaldozenpencilsdozensofstudents
threedozenoftheseeggstwodozenofthem
twoscoreofeggsscoresofbooks
3.基数词的位置
常位于another,all之后,such,more之前,可置于last,next,other之前或之后。
anothertwodaysallthetenbooks
onemoreappletwosuchpens
hislasttwodays/histwolastdays
4.基数词的句法功能
(1)主语
Threewillbeenough.
(2)宾语
Thecityhasapopulationofthreemillion.
(3)表语
Thepopulationofthiscityisnearlytwomillion.
(4)同位语
Theytwowenttothecinema.
(5)定语
Theriverisabouteightmileslong.
序数词的构成及作用
1.常用序数词表
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
first
eleventh
thirtieth
second
twelfth
fortieth
third
thirteenth
fiftieth
fourth
fourteenth
sixtieth
fifth
fifteenth
seventieth
sixth
sixteenth
eightieth
seventh
seventeenth
ninetieth
eighth
eighteenth
hundredth
ninth
nineteenth
thousandth
tenth
twentieth
millionth/billionth
注意:
21以上的多位数词,只将末位数变为序数词,前面的其他位数仍用基数词。
如:
21st→twenty-first;22nd→twenty-second;33rd→thirty-third;100th→onehundredth
2.序数词的句法功能
(1)定语
thefirstdayoftheweek
myfirstvisittoBeijing
(2)表语
Youarethefirsttoleave.
(3)主语
Thesecondwasevenworse.
(4)同位语
Tom,thefirst,ishere.
(5)宾语
Doyoupreferthefirstorthesecond?
注意:
①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。
Thisisthefirstone.
ThisishersecondvisittoJapan.
②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a,此时不强调顺序。
“a+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。
You’dbettertryathirdtime.
数词的应用
1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数
onethird
twothirds/two-thirds
two-fifthsofthestudents
thirtypercentofthewater
sixpointfour
注意:
表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时,须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。
若充当主语,谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。
如:
Seventypercentofherincomewasspentonclothes.
2.倍数表达法
(1)A+谓语+倍数+as+原级+as+B
Thebagistwiceasbigasthatone.
(2)A+谓语+倍数+asmany/much+名词+as+B
Ihavetwiceasmanybooksashe(does).
(3)A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B
Thisclassroomisthreetimesbiggerthanours.
(4)A+谓语+倍数+thesize(width/length/height/depth等)+of+B
Yourpieceofbreadisthreetimesthesizeofmine.
注意:
表达倍数时,常用half表示“一半”,用double或twice表示“两倍”,用基数词+times表示三或三倍以上。
3.日期的表达
(1)某年:
in+数字
in2018
(2)某月:
in+月份
inMay
(3)某年某月:
in+月+年
inMay2018
(4)某年某月某日:
on+月+日/on+日+月,+年
onMay1(st)/1(st)May,2018
4.时刻的表达
twenty-onepast/aftereight或eighttwenty-one
fourto/ofnine或eightfifty-six
halfpasteight或eightthirty
aquarterto/often或nineforty-five
5.年代的表达
theearly1920s/1920’s
theearlytwenties
themid-eighties
6.其他特殊表达
(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……”
everythreedays/everyfourthday
everyotherday
everyfewdays
(2)表示年龄
inone’steens
inone’stwenties
attheageof17
Heistwentyyearsold.
Heisamanoftwenty.
Heisatwenty-year-oldman.
(3)用于习语中
oneatatime onebyone tenoutoften
1.数词的拼写错误
fourty(误)→forty(正)
ninty(误)→ninety(正)
nineth(误)→ninth(正)
twentith(误)→twentieth(正)
twentieth-first(误)→twenty-first(正)
threefifth(误)→threefifths(正)
the2thofFebruary(误)→the2ndofFebruary(正)
OneThousandOneNights(误)→OneThousandandOneNights(正)
2.特殊表达中的错误
everyotherdays(误)→everyotherday(正)
inhistens(误)→inhisteens(正)
severaldozensofthem(误)→severaldozenofthem(正)
moretwodays(误)→twomoredays/anothertwodays(正)
You’dbettertrythethirdtime.(误)→You’dbettertryathirdtime.(正)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Actually,thislatestchildren’sversion,belongingtoaprogramtitledXiaoXigu(literally,youngartists),isinhonorofthethirtieth(thirty)anniversaryofthe1987work,praisedasthemostclassic.(2018·安徽皖北协作区高三联考)
解析 “the+序数词”表示特指“第几个”,故填thirtieth。
2.Iamstillthankfultomyuncleforteachingmetorideabikeonmyninth(nine)birthday.
(2017·东北师范大学附中模拟)
解析 句意为:
我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。
3.Hemissedthegoldinthehighjump,butwillget a secondchanceinthelongjump.
(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)
解析 在序数词前用a,则表示“再次,还有”之意。
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Iammorethanhappytoknowyougot
firstprizeinthespeechcontest.
(2018·湖南张家界三模)
解析 thefirstprize为固定用法,意为“第一名,一等奖”,而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用the来表示顺序。
所以句中的afirstprize中的a要改为the。
2.Duringthe
days,aseriesofEnglishactivitieswereorganized.(2018·云南师大附中模拟)
解析 during后接时间段,此处表示六天,故用基数词。
如果表达在第六天,则说onthesixthday。
3.Inthesummerholidayfollowingmy
birthday,Itookdrivinglessons.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
解析 表达多少岁生日用序数词,因此eighteen应该改为eighteenth。
4.Istillrememberhowhard
firstdaywas.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
解析 句意为:
我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。
表示第几天,序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。
5.It’sabigcitywithapopulationofabout7
.(2017·河南毕业班高考适应性练习)
解析 million前有基数词7,须用单数。
6.Iwanttohaveapenfriend,hopefullyagirlin
earlytwenties,andwithinterestssimilartomine.(2017·河南六市联考)
解析 表示不确定的年龄,用inone’s+逢十的基数词的复数形式。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Thereis(be)onedeskandthreechairsintheroom.
2.—What’sthedatetoday?
—It’sthefourth(four)ofJuly.
3.Therearebusestothestationeverytwentieth(twenty)minute.
4.Shewasthefirstwomanto win(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
5.Inordertofindabetterjob,hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Twohundreddollars
notlargeforus,andit’seasyforustogainintwodays.
2.Everyyear,
ofpeoplediefromillnesscausedbysmoking.
3.IhavealreadygottwolettersfromSusanthisyear,andthisis
thirdone.
4.WearetoldthatProfessorChenlivesonthe
floorofthisbuilding.
5.Two-fifthsofthe
ondisplayarenewitems.
Ⅲ.数词填空(数词专练)
Thereare1.fourseasonsinayear:
spring,summer,autumnandwinter.Ayearcanalsobedividedinto2.twelvemonths.Eachmonthisdividedinto3.threeperiods:
thefirst,themiddleandthelastten-dayperiod.Mother’sDayfallsonthe4.secondSundayofMaywhileFather’sDayonthe5.thirdSundayofJuneeveryyear.The6.twelfthmonthoftheyearisDecember.Thereare7.fifty-twocompleteweeksplusanextraday,or8.twoinayearbecausethereare9.three hundred and sixty-fivedaysinacommonyearbut10.three hundred and sixty-sixdaysinaleapyear.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
(一)
1.Wecanrelaxourselves(we)whilereadingherblog.
2.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he’sreliable.
3.Asuccessfullearnerisanindependentone,whohasbothadeterminedwillandamazingpatience.
4.TheyareheadingforFloridafortheir(they)honeymoonandplantoframethetreasuredpictureassoonastheygetback.
5.ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneywithme.
6.Shedidnothesitateforlong;althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtopleasehim(he).
7.Intheend,theyoungmenfoundthatworkinghardistrulyatreasureinitself.
8.Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthanthatinsomelargerschools.
9.Thisregionishometomanyspeciesofwildflowers.
10.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomonthetopfloor.
11.Atthebadnews,thewomanputherhandsoverhereyesandcriedout.
12.Ifyoukeeponwriting,youwillhaveabrighterfuture,likelytobecomeaJ.K.Rowling.
13.Ihateitwhensomeonemakesamessofmylearningmaterialsonmydesk.
14.Awoman,sittingnexttotheboy,discoveredhewasonaschooltripandwastoldtomeethisteacheratthebusstop.
15.Weusedtomistakethatheavyobjectsfellfasterthanlightones.
(二)
16.Theproblemshouldbehandledverycarefullytobalancetheneedsofpeoplewiththoseofnature.
17.Hesaiditwasnotnicetoeatmeatwithone’sfingersbecausetheywerenotalwaysclean.
18.Thedriverwasatalosswhenwordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.
19.Heknewverywellthehareranahundredtimesfasterthanhehimself(him)did.
20.JohnnyCarsonbeganhiscareerintelevisioninhistwenties(twenty).
21.Whetherit’syourbirthdayorafriendorfamilymember’s,decoratingyourhomecanbeasenjoyableasthepartyitself(it).
22.Freshair,sunlightandenoughphysicalexerciseareneededforahealthybody.
23.Soifyouhavenotpreparedenough,havingsomeindooramusementsisalsoagoodchoice,whichmaybemuchcheaperandeasiertocarryout.
24.“Nevermind,”Isaid.“Atleastyou’llknowwhenyourtrain’slate,mine(I)willbe,too.”
25.Myfatherisstoutandstrong,withaseverelookonhisfaceandkeenexpressiveeyes.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
(一)
1.Anaccidenthappening
arainySundayafternoonchangedmyattitude.
2.Ithinkit
goodhabitthatinoursparetimewereadmorebooksofgreatuse.
3.Yesterday,oneofmyfavoritestampswaslost,whichmademereallyupset.Ilookedforiteverywhereandaskedeverybodyintheroom,butstillIcouldn’tfind
.
4.Toimprovemygrades,Ipaidmoreattention
theteachers’talkinginclass.
5.ThreeyearsagoIfailedanimportantexaminmylifeandbecameastudentin
ordinaryschool.
6.Itispossiblethatsomeof
mayhaveabrotherorsister.
7.ClassestaughtinEnglishprovidestudents
abetterlanguageenvironment.
8.Forthesakeofoursafetyandtheothers’safety,weshouldobeythetrafficrules.
9.AsIwaswaiting
myordertocome,Inoticedanoldmaninawheelchairrollhimselfovertoatable.
10.I’vebeenverybusyrecently,forI’vebeenpreparingfor
comingexam,whichisvitalformeandmyfuturelife.
11.I’vealwaysb
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