《传热传质学》主要内容和专业词汇中英文对照.docx
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《传热传质学》主要内容和专业词汇中英文对照.docx
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《传热传质学》主要内容和专业词汇中英文对照
《传热传质学》主要内容和专业词汇中英文对照
Chapter1ThermodynamicsandHeatTransfer
主要内容
1.Concepts:
heat(thermalenergy)、heattransfer、thermodynamics、totalamountofheattransfer、heattransferrate、heatflux、conduction、convection、radiation
2.Equations:
1)Thefirstlawofthermodynamics(conservationofenergyprinciple)
2)Heatbalanceequation:
a)closedsystem;b)opensystem(steady-flow)
3)Fourier’slawofheatconduction
4)Newton’slawofcooling
5)Stefan-Boltzmannlaw
主要专业词汇
heattransfer传热、热传递、传热学thermodynamics热力学
caloric热素specificheat比热massflowrate质量流率
latentheat潜热sensibleheat显热heatflux热流密度
heattransferrate热流量totalamountofheattransfer总热量
conduction导热convection对流radiation辐射
thermalconductivity热导率thermaldiffusivity热扩散率
convection/combinedheattransfercoefficient对流/综合换热系数
emissivity发射率absorptivity吸收率
simultaneousheattransfer复合换热
Chapter2HeatConductionEquation
主要内容
3.Concepts:
temperaturefield、temperaturegradient、heatgeneration、initialcondition、boundarycondition、steady\transientheattransfer、uniform\nonuniformtemperaturedistribution
4.Equations:
1)Fourier’slawofheatconduction(§2-1)
2)Heatconductionequation(inrectangular\cylindrical\sphericalcoordinates)
(§2-2、§2-3)
3)Boundaryconditions:
(§2-4)
a)SpecifiedtemperatureB.C.
b)SpecifiedheatfluxB.C.(specialcase:
insulation、thermalsymmetry);
c)ConvectionB.C.
d)RadiationB.C.
e)InterfaceB.C.
4)Averagethermalconductivitykave(§2-7)
5)Solutionofone-dimensional,steadyheatconductioninplanewalls、cylindersandspheres(k=const):
a)noheatgeneration,specifiedtemperatureB.C.:
(§2-5)
T(x)orT(r);Q(x)orQ(r),Q=const
b)withheatgeneration,SpecifiedtemperatureB.C.orConvectionB.C.:
(§2-6)
∆Tmax=To-Ts=gs2/2nk;q(x)=gx/n;Ts=T+gs/nh
characteristiclengthS,shapefactorn:
planewalls—s=L(halfthickness),n=1
cylinders——s=ro,n=2
spheres——s=ro,n=3
5.Methods:
Solveaheattransferproblem
1)Mathematicalformulation(differentialequation&B.C.)
2)Generalsolutionofequation
3)ApplicationofB.C.s
4)Uniquesolutionoftheproblem
主要专业词汇
temperaturefield\distribution温度场\分布temperaturegradient温度梯度
heatgeneration热生成(热源)initial\boundarycondition初始\边界条件
transientheattransfer瞬态(非稳态)传热isothermalsurface等温面
Heatconductiondifferentialequation导热微分方程
trialanderrormethod试算法iterate迭代convergence收敛
Chapter3SteadyHeatConduction
主要内容
6.Concepts:
multilayer\compositewalloverallheattransfercoefficientU
thermalresistanceRtthermalcontactresistanceRc
criticalradiusofinsulationRcr
finefficiencyfineffectiveness
7.Equations:
✓Multiplayerplanewall、cylindersandspheres:
✓Fin:
finequation——
1)Uniformcross-section:
Infinitelylongfin
(
)
Insulatedtip
ConvectionB.C.
Lc=L+Ac/p
2)Varyingcross-section:
主要专业词汇
thermalresistance热阻parallel并联inseries串联
thermalcontactresistance接触热阻compositewall复合壁面
thermalgrease热脂cross-section横截面temperatureexecess过余温度
hyperbolic双曲线的exponent指数
fin肋(翅)片finbase肋基fintip肋端
finefficiency肋效率fineffectiveness肋片有效度
Chapter4TransientHeatConduction
主要内容
8.Concepts:
lumpedsystemanalysischaracteristiclength(Lc=V/A)
Biotnumber(Bi=hLc/k)Fouriernumber(τ=at/L)
9.Equations:
●Bi≤0,lumpedsystemanalysis(§4-1)
●Bi>0,Heisler/GroberchartsORanalyticalexpressions
✓1-D:
a)infinitelargeplanewalls,longcylindersandspheres(§4-2)
b)semi-infinitesolids(§4-3)
✓multidimensional:
productsolution(§4-4)
主要专业词汇
lumpedsystemanalysis集总参数法characteristiclength特征长度(尺寸)
dimension量纲nondimensionalize无量纲化dimensionlessquantity无量纲量
semi-infinitesolid半无限大固体complementaryerrorfunction误差余函数
series级数productionsolution乘积解
Chapter5NumericalMethodsinHeatConduction
主要内容
10.Concepts:
controlvolume(energybalance)method、finitedifferencemethod、
discretization、node、spacestep、timestep、
meshBiotnumber、meshFouriernumber、mirrorimageconcept、
explicit/implicitmethod、stabilitycriterion(primarycoefficients0)
Numericalerror:
1)discretization/truncationerror;2)round-offerror
11.Methods:
Numericalsolution:
1)Discretizationinspaceandtime(x,t);
2)Buildallnodes’finitedifferenceformulations(includinginteriorandboundarynodes);
i.Finitedifferencemethod
ii.Energybalancemethod(i.e.ControlVolumemethod)
3)Solutionofnodaldifferenceeqs.ofheatconduction;
a)Directmethod:
GaussianElimination
b)Iterativemethod:
Gauss-Seideliteration
主要专业词汇
controlvolume控制容积finitedifference有限差分
Taylorseriesexpression泰勒级数展开式
mirrorimageconcept镜像法Eliminationmethod消元法
direct/iterativemethod直接/迭代方法explicit/implicitmethod显式/隐式格式
stabilitycriterion稳定性条件primarycoefficients主系数
unconditionally无条件地algebraiceq.代数方程
discretization/truncationerror离散/截断误差round-offerror舍入误差
Chapter6、7ForcedConvectionandNaturalConvection
主要内容
12.Concepts:
Nu、Re、Gr、Pr
Force/naturalconvection、external/internalflow、velocity/thermalboundarylayer
flowregimes、laminar/turbulentflow
hydrodynamic/thermalentryregion、fullydevelopedregion
CriticalReynoldsNumber(Rec)、hydraulicdiameter(Dh)、
filmtemperature(Tf)、bulkmeanfluidtemperature(Tb)
logarithmicmeantemperaturedifference(Tln)
volumeexpansioncoefficient(β=1/T)
effectivethermalconductivity(Keff=KNu)
evaporation、boiling、condensation、nucleationsite
pool/flowboiling、subcooled/satuatedboiling
naturalconvection/uncleate/transition/filmboiling
burnoutpoint
13.Equations:
Dragforce:
FD=CfAρV2/2
Heattransferrate:
Q=hA(Ts-T)
3.TypicalConvectionPhenomena:
1)Forcedconvection:
externalflow——flowoverflatplates(§6-4)
——flowacrosscylindersandspheres(§6-5)
internalflow——flowintubes(§6-6)
2)Naturalconvection:
flowoversurfaces(§7-2)
flowinsideenclosures(§7-3)
3)BoilingHeatTransfer
主要专业词汇
Force/naturalconvection自然/强制对流laminar/turbulentflow层/湍流
boundarylayer边界层laminarsublayer层流底层bufferlayer缓冲层
transitionregion过渡区flowregimes流态
inertia/viscousforce惯性/粘性力shearstress剪切应力
friction/dragcoefficient摩擦/阻力系数frictionfactor摩擦因子
dynamic/kinematicviscous动力/运动粘度
wake尾流stagnationpoint滞止点flowseparation流体分离
vortex漩涡rotationalmotion环流velocityfluctuation速度脉动
hydrodynamic水动力学的hydraulicdiameter水力直径
fullydevelopedregion充分发展段volumeflowrate体积流量
arithmetic/logarithmicmeantemperaturedifference算术/对数平均温差
volumeexpansioncoefficient体积膨胀系数
interferometer干涉仪asymptotic渐近线的
effectivethermalconductivity有效热导率
evaporation蒸发boiling沸腾condensation凝结
poolboiling池内(大容器)沸腾flowboiling(管内)强制对流沸腾
subcooled/satuatedboiling过冷/饱和沸腾nucleationsite汽化核心
uncleate/transition/filmboiling核态/过渡/膜态沸腾
burnoutpoint烧毁点surfacetension表面张力vaporbubble汽泡
excesstemperature过热度thermodynamicequilibrium热力平衡
phasechange/transformation相变latentheatofvaporization汽化潜热
analogicalmethod类比法integralapproach积分近似法
orderofmagnitudeanalysis数量级分析法similarityprinciple相似原理
Chapter9RadiationHeatTransfer
主要内容
14.Concepts:
blackbody、graybody、diffusesurface、emissivepower(E)
emissivity(ε)、absorptivity(α)、reflectivity(ρ)、transmissivity(τ)
irradiation(G)、radiosity(J)、reradiating(adiabatic)surface
viewfactor(Fij)、radiationnetwork、spaceresistance、surfaceresistance
radiationshield
gasradiation、transparentmediumtoradiation、absorbingandtransmittingmedium
15.Laws:
Blackbody:
(1)Planck’sdistributionlaw
(2)Stefan-Boltzmann’slaw
(3)Wien’sdisplacementlaw
Graybody:
(4)Kirchhoff’slaw
Actualbody:
E(T)=εEb(T)=εσT4W/m2
Gas:
(5)Beer’slaw
3.Calculation:
1)Viewfactor:
reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetryRule
crossed-stringsmethod
2)Radiationheattransfer:
Radiationnetwork
Opensystem:
betweentwosurface(e.g.twolargeparallelplates)
Enclosure:
2-surfaceenclosure;3-surfaceenclosure
Radiationshield
主要专业词汇
thermalradiation热辐射、quantumtheory量子理论、indexofrefraction折射系数
electromagneticwave/spectrum电磁波/波谱、ultraviolet(UV)rays紫外线、infrared(IR)rays红外线
absorptivity吸收率、reflectivity反射率、transmissivity透射率、emissivity(ε)发射率(黑度)、specular/diffusereflection镜反射/漫反射
irradiation(incidentradiation)投入辐射、radiosity有效辐射
spectral/directional/totalemissivepower单色/定向/总辐射力
fractionofradiationenergy辐射能量份额(辐射比)、blackbodyradiationfunction黑体辐射函数
viewfactor辐射角系数、crossed-stringsmethod交叉线法、
reciprocity/summation/superposition/symmetryRule相互/完整/和分/对称性
netradiationheattransfer净辐射热流量
radiationnetwork辐射网络图、space/surfaceradiationresistance空间/表面辐射热阻、
reradiatingsurface重辐射面、adiabatic绝热的
radiationshield遮热板
transparentmediumtoradiation辐射透热体、absorbingandtransmittingmedium吸收-透过性介质
Chapter10HeatExchangers
主要内容
16.Concepts:
heatexchangertype----double-pipe、compact、shell-and-tube、plate-and-frame、regenerativeheatexchanger
parallel/counter/cross/multipassflow
overallheattransfercoefficient(U)foulingfactor(Rf)
heatcapacityratecapacityration
logmeantemperaturedifference(ΔTlm)
heattransfereffectiveness(ε)
numberoftransferunits(NTU)
17.Equations:
1)heatbalanceeq.:
Q=Ch(Th,in-Th,out)=Cc(Tc,out-Tc,in)
2)heattransfereq.:
Q=UAΔTlm(LMTDmethod)
orQ=εQmax=εCmin(Th,in–Tc,in)(ε-NTUmethod)
3.Methods:
1)LMTDMethod:
Selectaheatexchanger
Known:
Ch、Cc、3‘T’
Predict:
1‘T’、Q、A
2)ε-NTUMethod:
Evaluatetheperformanceofaspecifiedheatexchanger
Known:
Ch、Cc、UA、Th,in、Tc,in
Predict:
Q、Th,out、Tc,out
主要专业词汇
double-pipe/compact/shell-and-tube/plate-and-frame/regenerativeheatexchanger
套管式/紧凑式/壳管式/板式/蓄热(再生)式换热器
parallel/counter/cross/multipassflow顺流/逆流/叉流/多程流
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