热点05 人的身心健康及智力发展原卷版备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx
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热点05 人的身心健康及智力发展原卷版备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx
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热点05人的身心健康及智力发展原卷版备战高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
备战2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读
热点05人的身心健康及智力发展
一、阅读理解
1
Aboutthetimethatschoolsandothersquitereasonablybecameinterestedinseeingtoitthatallchildren,whatevertheirbackground,werefairlytreated,intelligencetestingbecameunpopular.
Somethoughtitwasunfairtominoritychildren.Throughthepastfewdecadessuchtestinghasgoneoutoffashionandmanycommunitieshaveindeedforbiddenit.
However,paradoxically(自相矛盾的),justrecentlyagroupofblackparentsfiledalawsuit(诉讼)inCaliforniaclaimingthatthestate’sbanonIQtestingdiscriminates(歧视)againsttheirchildrenbydenyingthemtheopportunitytotakethetest.(Theybelieve,correctly,thatIQtestsareavalidmethodofevaluating(评估)childrenforspecialeducationclasses.)Thejudge,therefore,reversed,atleastpartiallyhisoriginaldecision.
Andsotheargumentgoesonandon.Doesitbenefitorharmchildrenfromminoritygroupstohavetheirintelligencetested?
Wehavealwaysbeenonthesideofpermitting,evenpromotingsuchtesting.Ifachildofanycolororgroupisdoingpoorlyinschoolitseemstousveryimportanttoknowwhetheritisbecauseheorsheisoflowintelligence,orwhethersomeotherfactoristhecause.
Whatschoolandfamilycandotoimprovepoorperformanceisinfluencedbyitscause.Itisnotdiscriminativetoevaluateeitherachild’sphysicalconditionorhisintellectuallevel.
Unfortunately,intellectuallevelseemstobeasensitivesubject,andwhatthelawallowsustodovariesfromtimetotime.Thesamefluctuation(起伏)backandforthoccursinareasotherthanintelligence.Thirtyyearsorsoago,forinstance,whitefamilieswereencouragedtoadoptblackchildren.Itwasconsidereddiscriminativenottodoso.
Andthenthestylechangedandthiscross-racialadoptingbecamegenerallyunpopular,andsocialagenciesfeltthatblackchildrenshouldgotoblackfamiliesonly.Itishardtosaywhatarethebestprocedures.Butsurelygoodwillonthepartofallofusisneeded.
Astointelligence,inouropinion,themoreweknowaboutanychild’sintellectuallevel,thebetterforthechildinquestion.
1.Whydidtheintelligencetestbecomeunpopularinthepastfewdecades?
A.Itsvaliditywaschallengedbymanycommunities.
B.Itwasconsidereddiscriminativeagainstminoritychildren.
C.Itmetwithstrongoppositionfromthemajorityofblackparents.
D.Itrobbedtheblackchildrenoftheirrightstoagoodeducation.
2.Theauthorbelievesthatintelligencetesting.
A.mayeaseracialdiscriminationintheUnitedStates
B.canencourageblackchildrentokeepupwithwhitechildren
C.mayseriouslyworsenracialdiscriminationintheUnitedStates
D.canhelpblackparentsmakedecisionsabouttheirchildren’seducation
3.Theauthor’sopinionofchildadoptionseemstobethat.
A.nodefiniterulescanbeprescribed
B.whitefamiliesshouldadoptblackchildren
C.adoptionshouldbebasedonIQtestresults
D.cross-racialadoptionistobeadvocated
4.Childadoptionismentionedinthepassagetoshowthat______.
A.goodwillmaysometimescomplicateracialproblems
B.socialsurroundingsarevitaltothehealthygrowthofchildren
C.intelligencetestingalsoappliestonon-academicareas
D.Americanopinioncanshiftwhenitcomestosensitiveissues
2
Doesyourolderbrotherthinkhe’sclevererthanyou?
Well,he’sprobablyright.AccordingtoanewresearchpublishedinthejournalIntelligence,theoldestchildreninfamiliesarelikelytohavethehighestIQsandtheyoungestthelowest.
AnumberofstudieshavesuggestedthatIQscoresdeclinewithbirthorder.Inthemostrecentstudy,atVrijeUniversity,Amsterdam,researcherslookedatmenandwomenwhoseIQhadbeentestedattheagesof5,12,and18.
Theresults,whichshowatrendfortheoldesttoscorebetterthantheyoungestineachtest,involvedabout200,000people.Thatshowedthatfirst-bornshadathree-pointIQadvantageoverthesecond-born,whowasapointaheadofthenextinline.
Theorderofbirthcanalsoaffectpersonality,achievement,andcareer,withfirst-bornsbeingmoreacademicallysuccessfulandmorelikelytowinNobelprizes.However,eldestchildrenarelesslikelytoberadical(不同凡响的)andpioneering.CharlesDarwin,forexample,wasthefifthchildofsix.
Exactlywhythereshouldbesuchdifferencesisnotclear,andthereareanumberoftheoriesonenvironmentalinfluencesonthechild.
Theso-calleddilution(稀释法)theorysuggeststhatasfamilyresources,bothemotionalandphysical,aswellaseconomic,arelimited,itfollowsthat,asaresult,asmorechildrencomealong,thelevelsofparentalattentionandencouragementwilldrop.Anothertheoryisthattheintellectualenvironmentinthefamilyfavorsthefirst-bornwhohas,atleastforsometime,thebenefitofindividualcareandhelp.
Thetheorywhichenjoysthemostsupportisthattheextratimeandpatiencethattheearlier-bornedgetfromtheirparents,comparedwiththosearrivinglater,givesthemanadvantage.
5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.IQscoreshavelittletodowiththeorderofbirth.
B.Intellectualfamiliesfavorthefirst-born.
C.TheorderofbirthcanhaveaneffectonIQ.
D.Theorderofbirthcanaffectpersonality,achievement,andcareer.
6.ByusingCharlesDarwinasanexample,theauthorwantstoprovethat________.
A.eldestchildrenarethesmartestinafamily
B.youngestchildrenwillusuallybecomeexperts
C.first-bornsaremorelikelytowinNobelprizes
D.eldestchildrenarelesslikelytotrysomethingnew
7.Whatdoweknowaboutthedilutiontheory?
A.Intellectualparentslovethefirst–bornbetter
B.Parents’attentionwilldropwithmorechildrencoming
C.Familyresources,bothemotionalandphysicalareendless.
D.First-borngetlesscareandhelpfromtheirparents.
8.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.
A.offeringopinionwithfurtherexplanation
B.pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifference
C.comparingopinionsfromdifferentfields
D.providingtypicalexamples
9.Thepassagecanbeclassifiedintothefollowingtypeofwriting_______.
A.argumentationB.description
C.narration(记叙文)D.exposition(说明)
3
Whenitcomestoacademicachievement,intelligenceisanimportantfactor——butitiscertainlynottheonly,oreventhemostimportantfactor.
AccordingtoanewAustralianstudy,personalityisabetterpredictorofsuccessinschoolthanintelligenceasmeasuredbytraditionalstandardizedtests.Specifically,studentswhoweremorehard-workingandopenerperformbetteracademicallythanthosewhoweremerelyintelligent.
AustralianresearcherscomparedmeasurementsoftheBigFivepersonalitytraits(特性)——extraversion,neuroticism,agreeableness,conscientiousnessandopennesstoexperience——tocollegestudents’gradesandtestscores.Theyaskedstudentstocompletepersonalityself-assessment,andalsoaskedotherswhoknewthestudentswelltocompleteassessmentsofthem.Theyfoundthatthestudents’self-assessmentswereaseffectiveasintelligenceinpredictingacademicperformance,andthatthereportsfromthosewhoknewthemwellwerenearlyfourtimesmoreaccurateinpredictingacademicperformancethanintelligence.
Theresearchersfoundthatthefactorsofopennessandconscientiousnesshadthelargestinfluenceonacademicsuccess,inagreementwithpreviousresearchwhichhaslinkedthesetwotraitswithvarioustypesofachievementStudieshaveshownopennesstoexperiencewhichhastodowithintellectualcuriosity,andhowexcitedwegettoacquirenewinformation——tobethenumber-onepredictorofcreativeachievement.Conscientiousness,ontheotherhand,isonlyoneoftheBigFivetraitsthatisconsistentlypredictingsuccess.
“Inpracticalterms,theamountofeffortstudentsarepreparedtoputin,andwherethateffortisfocused,areatleastasimportantaswhetherthestudentsaresmart,”thestudy’sleadauthor,Dr.ArthurPoropatofGriffithUniversity’sSchoolofAppliedPsychology,saidinastatement.“Andastudentwiththemosthelpfulpersonalitywillscoreafullgradehigherthananaveragestudentinthisregard.”
Thefindingscomeasanimportantreminderthatchildrenwhomaynotbeconsidered“smart”bytraditionalmeasuresmaystillbecomehighlysuccessfulthroughtheirownefforts.Andsincepersonalitymaybemoremalleable(可塑的)thanintellectualcapability,helpingstrugglingstudentsdevelopbeneficialpersonalitytraits——particularlyintellectualcuriosityandastrongsenseofworkresponsibility——maybeapowerfulmeansofimprovingacademicperformance.Fortunately,high-IQstudentswhostrugglemorewithattitudeandsocialskillscanalsolearntodevelopthesequalities.
“Personalitydoeschangeandsomeeducatorsindeedhavetrainedaspectsofstudents’conscientiousnessandopenness,leadingthemtogreaterlearningcapacity,”Poropatsaidinthestatement.“Bycontrast,thereislittleevidencethatintelligencecanbe‘taught’,despitethepopularityofbrain-trainingapps.”
10.Accordingtothepassage,intelligence________.
A.isoneoftheBigFivepersonalitytraits
B.hasagreatinfluenceonsuccessinschool
C.playsadecisiveroleinacademicperformance
D.ismoreaccuratethanpersonalityinpredictingsuccess
11.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?
A.Studentsdidn’tmakeself-assessmentsseriously.
B.Intelligenceaccuratelypredictedacademicperformance.
C.Students’self-assessmentsarenotrelatedtotheirintelligence.
D.Assessmentsdonebyothersaremorereliablethanself-assessments.
12.Foracreativejob,whichofthefollowingcountsmost?
A.Intelligence.B.Responsibility.
C.Openness.D.Conscientiousness.
13
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