初二专题复习西方节日westernFestivals.docx
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初二专题复习西方节日westernFestivals.docx
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初二专题复习西方节日westernFestivals
第1页WesternFestivals&Holidays
【Festivals≠Holidays】
Therearebigdifferencesbetweenfestivalsandholidaysthatyoumustknow.
1.Festivalsareinternational,celebratedinallwesterncountries;whileholidaysarenationalcelebratedinindividualcountries.
2.Festivalsarebasedonmajorreligiousevents,whileholidaysaredecidedbythegovernmentinanindividualcountry.
Canyoutellmewhetherthefollowingsarefestivalsorholidays?
Christmas()
Thanksgiving()
AprilFool'sDay()
Valentine'sDay()
【Westernfestivals】
Inthewest,thereareonlythreemajorfestivals.
Halloween、Christmas、Easter
Halloweenistheoldest.TheothertwoarebothChristianfestivals.TheycelebratethebirthanddeathofJesusChrist.
第2页Halloween
WhatimagescomeintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofHalloween?
Masks,childrendressedincostumes,jack-o'-lanterns,haunted(闹鬼的)
houses,witches(女巫),wizards(男巫)&otherhorriblestuff.
Halloween,whichfallsonOctober31,isoneofthemostunusualandfunny
festivalsintheUS.
IthasbeencelebratedinAmericasincethelate1800s.
It'salsooneofthescariest!
It'sassociatedwith(与……有关联)ghosts,skeletons(骨架),witches,andotherscaryimages.
Bytradition,Halloweenbeginsaftersunset.
Whydidpeoplehavesuchascaryfestivals?
ThereasonthatHalloweenisfilledwithscaryimagesgoesbackmorethan2,000years.InancientBritainandIreland,October31wasthelastdayoftheyear.Itwastheendofthegrowingseasonandthebeginningofwinter,atimeofdarknessanddeath.
Peoplebelievedthatonthisdayghostsreturnedtotheearth,soitbecameafestivalforthegodofthedead.Inordertoscare(吓跑)theghostsaway,peoplebuilthugefiresandworecostumesmadeofanimalskins.
“TrickorTreat!
”
第3页ManyoftheoriginalHalloweentraditions(传统)havedevelopedtodayinto
funnyactivitiesforchildren.Themostpopularoneis“trickortreat”.
OnHalloweennight,childrendressupincostumesandgotovisittheirneighbors.Whensomeoneanswersthedoor,thechildrencryout,“Trickortreat!
”Whatthismeansis,“Giveusatreat,orwe'llplayatrickonyou!
”Thepeopleateachhousethengivecandyorfruitorsometimesafewcoins.
“HauntedHouse!
”
AnotherpopularHalloweenactivityistovisita“hauntedhouse.”Usually
youhavetobuyatickettogetin.Asyougofromroomtoroom,youmeetonescarythingafteranother.
Monsters&witchesmightjumpoutatyouinthedark.Youmighthearscreams&criesfrombehind,asifsomeoneisbeingkilled.Oryoumightsuddenlyfeelaspiderwebinyourface.It'sbestnottogoalone!
“Jack-o'-lanterns!
”
Manypeoplealsoliketomakejack-o'-lanternsonHalloween.
Ajack-o'-lanternisapumpkinthatishollowedoutandhasafacecarvedonit.Acandleoralightisplacedinsidesothatthefacelightsup.
ThistraditioncomesfromanoldIrishstoryaboutamannamedJackwhowassostingy(吝啬的)thathecouldnotenterheaven(天堂)whenhedied.Buthe
第4页alsocouldnotenterthehell(地狱),becausehehadonceplayedatrickonthedevil.
Allhecoulddowaswalkingtheearthasaghost,carryingalantern&lookingforaplacetorest.
Mostpeopletoday,ofcourse,don'tbelievethatghostswalktheearthonHalloween.Butthisdoesn'tstopthemfromcelebratingafunnyandscaryholiday.Halloweenhasalwaysbeenanightoftrick.Tricksarecommon.
CHRISTAMAS
ChristmasDayisonDecember25th.ChristmasEveisonDecember
24th.ChristmasSeasonreferstothetwoweeksbeforeNewYear.
ItistocelebratethebirthofJesus(耶稣).Someprinciples(观念)associated
withChristmasare:
Peace,GoodWill(美好的心愿),Compassion(怜悯)
SantaClaus,snowmen,brightlights,colorfuldecorations,bells,andthe
traditionalsongs—allthesehelptomakeDecemberthemostjoyfulmonthoftheyear.
InthenorthernpartoftheUS,winterweathercanbeterrible.However,evenwintersnowstormscannotstoppeoplefromenjoyingthefestival.
Whydoesalmosteverybodyfeelsogood?
Itisgift-givingtime,partytime,andvacationtime.
Studentsfromelementaryschoolthroughcollegehaveabout2weeks'
第5页vacation,beginningshortlybeforeChristmasandendingsoonafterNewYear'sDay.
Manyfamiliesgoawayfortheholidaystovisitrelativesinanotherstate,skiinthemountains,orsunbatheonthebeachesintheSouth.
SantaClaus
ChristmasisanimportantfestivalintheUS,theUKandmanyotherpartsoftheworld.
OnChristmasEve—thenightbeforeChristmasDay–childrenalloverBritainputastockingattheendoftheirbedsbeforetheygotosleep.TheirparentsusuallytellthemthatSantaClauswillcomeduringthenight.
SantaClausisverykind-hearted.Helandsontopofeachhouseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefireplace.
HefillseachofthestockingswithChristmaspresents.
Ofcourse,SantaClausisn'treal.Intheirhouses,“SantaClaus”isreally
theirfathers.Theirfathersdon'tclimbdownthechimney.Theywaituntilthechildrenareasleep.Thentheygointotheirbedrooms,andfilltheirstockingswithsmallpresents.
ChristmasTreeDecorations
Astaroranangelisoftenplacedatthetopofthetreereferringthestarof
第6页Bethlehem(圣诞星).
Earlydecorationswerefruits,nutsandpaperflowersthatchildrenwereallowedtotakeasgiftsonChristmasDay.
Waxcandles(蜡烛)appearedontreesinthe18thcentury.
Electrictreelightswerefirstusedin1882.
ThreetypicalBritishtraditionsonChristmasare:
theChristmasPantomime(童话剧)
theQueen'sspeechovertheTVandradio
theBoxingDay(节礼日)
(ItisatypicalBritishtraditioncelebratedonthedayafterChristmas.PeopleusedtogiveChristmasgiftsormoneytotheirstafforservants(员工或仆人)onthisday.Andnowtheymostlydoshopping,payvisits,enjoyeatingorjustrelax.)
GREETINGS
MerryChristmasandBestWishesforaHappyNewYear!
Mayhappinessfollowwhereveryougo.
MaythejoyandpeaceofChristmasbewithyoutodayandalways.Maythelightoftheholidayseasonshinebrightlyinyourheart.
WishingyouandthosearoundyouaverymerryChristmasandawonderfulNewYear.
第7页Easter
Thisfestivalisinthespring,whichcommemorates(纪念)thedeathofJesusChristandhisreturntolife.
ItisthemostimportantChristianfestivalformanychurch-goers.
It'sgenerallyonaSundaybetweenMarch22andApril25.
TheFridaybeforeEasteriscalled“GoodFriday”(耶稣受难日).Andthreedayslatercomes“EasterSunday”.
Symbol(标志)ofEaster
TheEasteregg,originallyaChristiansymbol(标志)ofnewlife,isthemainsymbolofEasterformostpeople.
Bunnies(兔子)andchicksarealsoanimalstraditionallyassociatedwithEaster.
BesidesthereligiousaspectsofEaster,peoplealsocelebratespringorthesignsofnewlife.
ChildrenreceiveEasterbasketsfilledwithcandy,Eastereggs,chocolatebunnies&jellybeans(软糖).Thedyeing(染色)ofeggswithfoodcolorisalsoanEastertraditioninmanyAmericanfamilies.
WesternholidaysNewYear'sDay
第8页NewYear'sDayistheworld'soldestcelebration.TheAmericanshave
fourimportanttraditions.Theyare:
1.Bigparty2.AuldLangSyne
3.Drinkingalcohol(酒)4.Makingresolutions(制定新年计划)
Bigparty
ThemostpopularwaytowelcomethenewyearintheUnitedStatesiswithabigparty.
Thebiggest,noisiestNewYear'spartyintheUnitedStatestakesplaceatTimesSquareinNewYorkCity.
AuldLangSyne
TheTime'sSquarecelebrationincludesanotherwell-knownAmericantradition.
Since1929,thebandofmusicianGuyLombardohasgivenaconcertonNewYear'sEvenight,singingthesong,AuldLangSyne.
ThanksgivingDay
ItiscelebratedintheUSonthe4thThursdayinNovember.Formany
Americans,it'sthemostimportantholidayapartfromChristmas.Schools,offices&mostbusinessescloseforThanksgiving.Manypeoplemakethewholeweekendavacation.
第9页Theorigin
It'sassociatedwiththetimewhenEuropeansfirstcametoNorthAmerica
(thenewworld).In1620,theshiptheMayflowerarrivedhere,bringingabout100peoplewhotodayareusuallycalledPilgrims(最初的移民).ThePilgrimslivedinwhatisnowthestateofMassachusetts.
TheirfirstwinterintheNewWorldwasdifficult.Theyhadarrivedtoolateto
growmanycrops,andwithoutfreshfood,halfofthemdiedfromdisease.ThenativeIndians(印第安人)taughtthemhowtogrowcorn(玉米)andhowtohuntandfish.
Intheautumnof1621,theyhadabigharvest(丰收).TheyplannedafestandinvitedthelocalIndianchief(酋长)and90Indians.TheIndiansbroughtdeertoroastwiththeturkeys.TothisfirstThanksgiving,theIndianshadevenbroughtpopcorn(爆米花).
TodaypeoplecelebrateThanksgivingtoremembertheseearlydays.Thanksgivingisatimefortraditionandsharing.Eveniftheylivefaraway,familymembersgatherforareunionatthehouseofanolderrelative.Allgivethankstogetherforthegoodthingsthattheyhave.
ThanksgivingisconsideredthebeginningoftheChristmasperiod.ThenextdaymanypeoplegoouttoshopforChristmaspresents.
TurkeyPardoning
第10页OneachThanksgivingDay,averystrangethinghappensattheWhite
House.There,theUSPresidentwillpardon(赦免)aturkey!
ThePresidentwillpatoneofthetwoturkeyspreparedonthehead.Thenitispardoned!
Peoplewon'teatitandit'llflytoDisneyWorldandlivehappily!
In2009,PresidentObamapardonedaturkeynamedCourage.
Discussion:
WhenitisThanksgivingDay,whodoyouwanttothank?
Andwhy?
Valentine'sDay
ItisonFeb.14th
Onthisday,peopleinloveexpresstheiraffection(感情)toeachother.
Mother'sDay
Itison2ndSundayi
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