英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案

（英语）高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）解题技巧讲解及练习题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

   Whilefakingandfiercelooksareamonganimalsgreatdefenses,manyspeciesknowthateveryonerunsfromabigstink（臭气）too.

   Vulture（秃鸳）

   Vultures,arestreetsweepersthatfeastontherottingfleshofdeadanimals,whichbenefitsusbyriddingourhighwaysandlandscapesofanimalbodiesandthebacteriatheymightcarry.Whenvulturesfeelthreatenedtheyvomit,andthesmellofvomited-ondeadbodiesputsofmostpredators.Throwingupallowsthevulturetoflyawaymorequickly-andthevomitcanhurttheaggressor'seyesandface.

   Opossum（负鼠）

   Insomewaysopossumshaveiteasy.Inordertobecome"dead",theydon'thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.Eveniftheykeepgettingattacked,theywon'tmoveanymorethanahumanstatueuntilthethreathaspassed.

   Hoatzin（磨雉）

   Holdyournoseandmeetthehoatzin,abirdofdistinctions,nottheleastofwhichisthatitsmellslikefreshcowshit.Theanimalmostlyeatsleavesandit'stheonlybirdknowntodigestbyfermentation,likeacow.Thisprocessiswhatcausesitssmellandhasearneditthenicknamethe"stinkbird

   Millipedes（千足虫）

   Millipedesaretricky.Forstarterstheylookwormy.Theirnameisdeceptive,too:

Theirlegsnumberabout750.Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.

   SeaHare（海兔）

   Thegracefulseahareisplainintasteinthefirstplace,soit'snotthemostpopulardishintheseafoodchain.Nonethelessthistypeofseacreaturehasaprettycreativesmell-relateddefensethatisalmosttheoppositeofitssmellycompanionsonthislist.Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.

   Researchersusinglobsters（2-f）asmodelpredatorsfoundthattheseablocksthelobstersreceptivemechanism.Inotherwords,theseaharegivesitsattackertheequivalentofastuffynosesotheydon'tknowhowappealingitis.

（1）Theseaharedefendsitselffrompredatorsby________.

A. becomingplainintasteatthediscoveryofapredator

B. givingoutpurpleinktomakeitselfinvisibletopredators

C. releasingsubstancetomakepredatorsunabletosmellit

D. givingoffsmellygastotrytodrivepredatorsaway

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A. Thevulturecarriesbacteriasothatpredatorsdarenotgetclosetoit.

B. Theopossumfakesitsdeathtoavoidbeingtargetedbypredators.

C. Thehoatzineatscowshitsothatitisnick-namedas"stinkbird".

D. Thegasreleasedbymillipedewasbasicallyharmless.

（3）Thespeciesthatenjoysmorethanonedefensemechanismis________.

A. vulture                           

B. opossum                           

C. millipede                           

D. seahare

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据 SeaHare（海兔）部分中的“Theseaharegivesoutaslimy,purpleink,thesubstancewhichmakesfoodlesspalatabletopredators.”可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据 Opossum（负鼠）部分中的“Inordertobecome‘dead’,theydon'thavetofaxanyoneadeathcertificate.Theyjustlietherewiththeirtongueshangingoutwiththesmellofdeadflesh,sometimesforhours,effectivelyconvincingpotentialpredatorstheycanfindamuchfreshermealelsewhere.”可知，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据Millipedes（千足虫）部分中的“Theirmajordefenseistocurlupintoaball.They,though,alsoreleaseaharmeyes,andleaveahorriblesmellontheirattackers.”可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。

然而，它们也会释放出有害的 眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。

从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Researchershavefoundbeescandobasicmathematics,inadiscoverythatdeepensourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.Recently,AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromRMITUniversityinMelbourne,Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction（减法）.

   Solvingmathproblemsrequiresacomplexlevelofinvolvingthementalmanagementofnumbers,long-termrulesandshort-termworkingmemory.ThefindingthateventhetinybrainofahoneybeecangraspbasicmathematicaloperationshasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence,particularlyinimprovingrapidlearning.

   RMIT'sProfessorAdrianDyersaidnumerical（数字的）operationslikeadditionandsubtractionarecomplexbecausetheyrequiretwolevelsofprocessing.“Youneedtobeabletoholdtherulesaroundaddingandsubtractinginyourlong-termmemory,whilementallyusingskillfullyasetofgivennumbersinyourshort-termmemory,”Dyersaid.“Ontopofthis,ourbeesalsousedtheirshort-termmemoriestosolvearithmeticproblems,astheylearnedtorecognizeplusorminusasabstractconcepts.”

   Thefindingssuggestthatadvancednumericalcognition（认知）maybefoundmuchmorewidelyinnatureamongnon-humananimalsthanpreviouslysuspected.

   “Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”saidDyer.

   Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.

   Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates（灵长目动物）,birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.

（1）WhathavetheresearchersfromRMITUniversitydiscovered?

A. Therelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandbrainpower.

B. Long-termrulesandshorttermworkingmemory.

C. Beescanperformcomplexarithmeticoperations.

D. Beescandobasicmathematics.

（2）AccordingtoAdrianDyer,bees'numericalcognition________.

A. requiresadditionandsubtractiontwocomplexprocessing

B. hasapossibleeffectonthefuturedevelopmentofAI

C. onlyinvolvestheirshort-termworkingmemory

D. callsforalotofmathsknowledge

（3）Whatdoesthefindingofthenewresearchsuggest?

A. Beescanrecogizetheexactnumber.

B. Arithmeticoperationsexistinhumanandbees.

C. Numericalcognitionhasbeenfoundinmanymorespecies.

D. Someprimates,birdsandevenspiderscanaddandsubstract.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. ADiscoveryAbouttheTinyBrainofBees

B. NewFindingsAboutBeesHavingNumericalCogintion

C. NumericalCognitionRequiresaComplexLevelofProcessing

D. TheRelationshipBetweenBrainSizeandBrainPower

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》（ScienceAdvances）杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Australiashowedthatbeescouldperformarithmeticoperationslikeadditionandsubtraction（减法）.”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。

”可知，RMIT大学的 研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Ifmathdoesn'trequireamassivebrain,theremightalsobenewwaysforustoincludeinteractionsofbothlong-termrulesandworkingmemoryindesignstoimproverapidAIlearningofnewproblems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动，从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习，可知，AdrianDyer认为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Manyspeciescanunderstandthedifferencebetweenquantitiesandusethistosearchforfood,makedecisionsandsolveproblems.Butnumericalcognition,suchasexactnumberandarithmeticoperations,requiresamorecomplexlevelofprocessing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异，并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。

但是数字认知，比如精确的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的处理。

可知，新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的“Previousstudieshaveshownsomeprimates（灵长目动物）,birds,babiesandevenspiderscanaddand/orsubtract.Thenewresearch,publishedinScienceAdvances,addsbeestothatlist.”此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》（ScienceAdvances）杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

”故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Onespringday,oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen,abeewillhover（盘旋）andzipthroughyouryardanddive-bombyourpicnictable.Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack,thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:

me.

   Ahoneybeehasaboutsixweekstolive.Today,likemostdays,hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome,stickherlong,straw-liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers.Whenthebeehashadherfill,shellflyhome.Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco-workers,whowillrelayittoanother,andsoonforabout20minutes,untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb.Thensheandher50000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight,flappingtheirwingstocreatehot,breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture.Severalsunriseslater,theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax.Inherlifetime,ourbeemayvisit4,000flowers,andyetwillproduceonlyone-twelfthofateaspoonofme.

   TheaverageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear,intea,ontoast,andbeyond.IfIdosaysomyself,Iamatimelesstreasure.Literally—Inevergobad.

   Alas,mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed.