学年高中北师大版英语选修八同步检测Unit 22 Environmental Protection221a含答案.docx
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学年高中北师大版英语选修八同步检测Unit 22 Environmental Protection221a含答案.docx
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学年高中北师大版英语选修八同步检测Unit22EnvironmentalProtection221a含答案
课时语法精讲KESHIYUFAJINGJIANG
[语法·预备役]
用括号里动词的正确形式完成下面的句子
1.Recentreportswarnedthatglobalwarming________terribleclimatechanges.(cause)
答案:
willcause
2.ScientistsfoundthatthetemperatureoftheEarth________bygreenhousegases.(control)
答案:
iscontrolled
3.Expertsadvocatethateachperson________theirpart.(play)
答案:
play
4.Oneday,scientistsbelievethathumanbeings________freelyinspace.(travel)
答案:
willtravel
5.Theteachersaidthattwoplustwo________four.(be)
答案:
is
[语法·讲座]
直接引语和间接引语
1.定义:
我们转述别人的话时,可以引用别人的原话,被引用的部分称为直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的意思,被转述的部分称为间接引语。
间接引语多构成宾语从句。
2.直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则
(1)人称的变化
直接引语中的代词变为间接引语时,要根据句意、情景进行变化。
Shesaid“Iambusy.”
→Shesaidthatshewasbusy.
她说她很忙。
Heoftensays,“I'lldogoodformycountry.”
→Heoftensayshewilldogoodforhiscountry.
他常说他将为国家做有益的事情。
⊙强化印证1
把下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”
→____________________________________________
答案:
Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
2.HesaidtoKate,“Whereisyoursisternow?
”
→______________________________________________
答案:
HeaskedKatewherehersisterwasthen.
3.Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.
4.Johnsaid,“I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.
5.“Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation,”theteachersaid.
→______________________________________________
答案:
TheteachersaidthatIshouldpaymoreattentiontomypronunciation.
(2)动词时态的变化
当主句动词为一般过去时态时,间接引语中的谓语动词按照时态一致的原则,通常要由原时态向过去推一步。
列表如下:
直接引语
间接引语
动词时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
(不变)
一般将来时
过去将来时
直接引语变间接引语时态不变的几种情况:
①当直接引语表示真理或客观事实时,时态不变。
“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”theteachersaid.
→Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.
②当直接引语动词表示的状态或动作仍在继续时,时态不变。
“I'mastudentofSeniorThree.”theboysaid.
→TheboyansweredthatheisastudentofSeniorThree.
③当直接引语陈述的是一种目前还反复出现或习惯性的动作时,时态不变。
“Igetupatsixo'clockeverymorning.”hesaid.
→Hesaidhegetsupatsixo'clockeverymorning.
④如果直接引语中有明确的过去时间状语时,时态不变。
“Iwasbornin1984.”saidtheboy.
→Theboysaidhewasbornin1984.
⑤直接引语中的谓语动词时态是过去完成时,时态不变。
“IhadtaughtfortenyearsbeforeIbegantowrite.”saidthewriter.
→Thewritersaidshe/hehadtaughtfortenyearsbeforeshe/hebegantowrite.
⊙强化印证2
把下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Shesaidshehadlostapen.
2.Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Shesaidtheyhopedso.
3.Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.
4.“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theteachertoldme.
→________________________________________________
答案:
Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.
5.Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?
”
→______________________________________________
答案:
JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.
(3)其他变化
在直接引语变为间接引语时,往往由于情景发生了变化,还常随之出现指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词的变化。
列表如下:
在直接引语中
在间接引语中
指示代词
this
these
that
those
时间状语
now
today
yesterday
lastweek
tomorrow
nextyear
twodaysago
then
thatday
thedaybefore
theweekbefore
thenextday
thenextyear
twodaysbefore
地点状语
here
there
动词变化
can/may
must
come
bring
could/might
must/hadto
go
take
⊙强化印证3
把下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Hesaidthosebookswerehis.
2.Hesaid,“Pleaseshowmethisone.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Heaskedmetoshowhimthatone.
3.“We'llleaveheretomorrow,”hesaid.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Hesaidthattheywouldleavetherethenextday.
4.Heasked,“Howdidthesedifferencescomeabout?
”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Heaskedhowthosedifferenceshadcomeabout.
5.“Whatisadventuretravel?
”heasked.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Heaskedwhatadventuretravelwas.
3.直接引语和间接引语不同句型的转化
(1)直接引语为陈述句,转化为间接引语时变成由that引导的宾语从句,that可以省略。
①“IoncewenttoJapanforavisit,”Mrs.Duncansaidtome.
→Mrs.Duncantoldme(that)sheoncehadgonetoJapanforavisit.
Duncan夫人对我说她曾经去日本参观过。
②“IshalltellhimexactlywhatIthink,”shesaid.
→Shesaid(that)shewouldtellhimexactlywhatshethought.
她说她将会告诉他所有她所想的。
(2)直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句时,间接引语改为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
①Hesaid,“Haveyoufinishedthetask?
”
→Heasked(me)ifIhadfinishedthetask.
他问(我)是否完成了那项任务。
②Hesaid,“Didyougotothecinematoseethenewfilm?
”
→Heasked(me)whetherIhadbeentothecinematoseethenewfilm.
他问(我)是否去电影院看那部新电影了。
(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时,间接引语用特殊疑问句本身所带的疑问词,如when,where,who,why,how,howmany,howold等。
①Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?
”
→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.
她问我他们什么时候吃饭。
②“Howcanweimprovetheconditionofthesoil?
”thefarmersaskedhim.
→Thefarmersaskedhimhowtheycouldimprovetheconditionofthesoil.
农民们问他如何才能改善土壤的质量。
(4)直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语要将祈使句的谓语动词改为不定式作句子的宾语补足语。
Shesaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”
→Sheaskedustositdown.
她要求我们坐下。
注意:
主句的谓语动词有时要根据直接引语的情态和语气作相应的变化,如:
say说;tell告诉;ask问;suggest建议;order命令等。
⊙强化印证4
把下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.
2.Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?
”
→______________________________________________
答案:
HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.
3.“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven'tyou?
”mymotherasked.
→____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.
4.Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?
”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.
5.“Don'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Shetold/orderedthechildrennottomakeanynoise.
4.直接引语变间接引语时,要注意以下几种特殊情况
(1)间接引语中总是使用陈述语序。
Heaskedme,“DoyoustudyEnglishorFrench?
”
→HeaskedmewhetherIstudiedEnglishorFrench.
他问我学的是英语还是法语。
(2)如果转述时说话人和听话人明确地点不变,here不必变为there,come不必改为go;如果就在当天转述,则today,yesterday,tomorrow等状语也不必变化。
Shesaidtous,“I'llcomeheretomorrow.”
→Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow.
她告诉我们她明天将要来这儿。
[考点·研讨]
1.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell________closeyoumaybetovictory.
答案研讨:
how 考查宾语从句。
tell之后为宾语从句,其后宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来,描述形容词用how。
间接引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现,而考查其中的连接词是其重点之一。
2.Allweneed________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.
答案研讨:
is'句意:
我们所需要的就是一小片土地,我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。
根据题干可知all指代的是asmallpieceofland,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,整句话的语境为一般现在时,故填is。
3.Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,we________(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.
答案研讨:
havebeentrying'句意:
自从人类开始从事园艺工作以来,我们就一直在努力使我们的环境更美。
根据Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening以及trytomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful这一动作现在还在进行可知,设空处需用现在完成进行时。
4.-Haven'tseenyouforages!
Wherehaveyoubeen?
-IwenttoNingxiaand________(stay)thereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.
答案研讨:
stayed'句意:
——好长时间没见到你了!
你去哪儿了?
——我去宁夏支教了一年。
答句由and连接两个并列的谓语动词,根据went及句意可知,此处表示的动作发生在过去,“待”这个动作与went这个动作几乎同时发生,故用一般过去时态。
[达标·演练]
Ⅰ.句型转换
将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.
2.“Iboughtthesepearlsformymother,”Jacksaid.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Jacksaidhehadboughtthosepearlsforhismother.
3.Heasked,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?
”
→______________________________________________
答案:
Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.
4.“I'llcometohelpyouwheneveryouneedmyhelp,”heansweredher.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Heansweredherthathewouldgotohelpherwheneversheneededhishelp.
5.“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?
”FatheraskedAnne.
→______________________________________________
答案:
FatheraskedAnnewhenshehadgonetobedthenightbefore.
将下列间接引语变为直接引语
6.NancyaskedwhentheyweregoingtovisittheSummerPalace.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Nancysaid,“WhenarewegoingtovisittheSummerPalace?
”
7.Jimsaidthatwhathewasexpectingwasalongdistancecall.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Jimsaid,“WhatIamexpectingisalongdistancecall.”
8.Paulaskediftheirteamhadwonthematch.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Paulsaid,“Hasourteamwonthematch?
”
9.Hesaidthathe'dbeenwaitingthereforanhour.
→______________________________________________
答案:
Hesaid,“I'vebeenwaitinghereforanhour.”
10.Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.
→_____________________________________________________
答案:
Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.”
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)
1.Theshockingnewsmademerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.
答案:
what 动词realize后的宾语从句的结构为“what+adj.+n.+陈述句的语序。
”
2.Heaskedme________Icouldpickhimup________.(tomorrow)
答案:
if/whether;thenextday 由asked可知,此处宾语从句用if/whether引导,语境为过去时,则tomorrow变为thenextday。
3.“Becarefulwiththedog,”saidhe.
→He________metobecarefulwiththedog.
答案:
warned warn是“告诫,警告,提醒”的意思,符合句意。
4.—Whatdidthedoctorsay?
—He___
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