全国职称英语等级考试理工b真题及答案.docx
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全国职称英语等级考试理工b真题及答案.docx
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全国职称英语等级考试理工b真题及答案
2017年全国职称英语等级考试(理工B)真题
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Themajorityofpeoplearoundherearedecent.
A.real B.honest C.normal D.wealthy
2.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid.
A.hidden B.traditional C.inflexible D.official
3.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.
A.furnish B.copy C.publish D.summarize
4.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingofletdown.
A.excitement B.disappointment C.anger D.calm
5.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed.
A.cleaned B.replaced C.fixed D.broken
6.Theworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning.
A.pains B.parts C.aspects D.results
7.Londonquicklybecameaflourishingport.
A.major B.large C.successful D.commercial
8.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.
A.homework B.justice C.model D.act
9.Heledaverymorallife.
A.human B.intelligent C.natural D.honorable
10.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear.
A.sincere B.respectful C.empty D.terrible
11.Itwasamagicnightuntilthespellwasbroken.
A.time B.charm C.space D.opportunity
12.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16years.
A.started B.changed C.moved D.lasted
13.Theyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.
A.discover B.prove C.consider D.imagine
14.HisknowledgeofFrenchisfair.
A.veryuseful B.verylimitedC.quitegood D.ratherspecial
15.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.
A.limit B.regulate C.oppose D.support
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
SoMany“Earths”
TheMilkyWaycontainsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlifethat'sthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASA'stopplanet-huntingtelescope.
AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Keplerhadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatahavebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.ThetelescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonEarth.
TheauthorsofastudypublishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofsciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.
SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth's,butnomorethantwicethatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar'shabitablezone.That'swherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.
Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolatetotherestofthestarsthatthetelescopecouldnotsee.
Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike(althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpast).Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400daystocompleteayearlyorbit.
Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn'tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswithachangeforlife.
16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstoEarth's.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
19.TheEarthisplanetorbitingintheSun'shabitablezone.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
ClimateChange:
TheLongReach
1Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.There'smorecarbonintheair,andArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge(评估)Earth'sfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.
2Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxidereleased,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears—andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.
3Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat'sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesintheplanet'senvironmentcouldnudge(推动)globalwarmingevenhigher.Forexample:
Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach—andwarm—theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalleda“fastfeedback.”.
4Zeebesaysit'simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,they'relimited.Fromaclimatechangeperspective."Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenextfewgenerations,”hetoldScienceNews.“Buttheworldisnotendingin2100.”Forhisnewstudy,Zeebenowfocuseson“slowfeedbacks”.Whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife—astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas—aretwoexamplesofslowfeedbacks.
5Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeedbacksaddedanother1.5°C—fora6°totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatstowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.
23.Paragraph2____A_____
24.Paragraph3____D____
25.Paragraph4____B_____
26.Paragraph5____C_____
A.Impactofburningfossilfuels
B.Slowfeedbacks
C.Apredictionoffutureclimatechange
D.Fastfeedbacks
E.Risingofsealevels
F. Unpredictabilityoffeedbackprocesses
27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin____B_____.
28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach____E____.
29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing___F_____.
30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor___A_____.
A.averylongtime
B.recordedhistory
C.rapidexaggerationofimpacts
D.theextraheat
E.theexposedground
F.previouslypublishedstudies
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligences
(本次考试理工A阅读其中一篇)
Itbaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.
Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.
SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.
Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.
HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinkthatthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurpos
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