在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案四.docx
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在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案四.docx
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在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案四
在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案四
Whenyourparentsadviseyouto“getaneducation”inordertoraiseyourincome,theytellyouonlyhalfthetruth.Whattheyreallymeanistogetjustenougheducationtoprovidemanpowerforyoursociety,butnotsomuchthatyouproveanembarrassmenttoyoursociety.Getahighschooldiploma,atleast.Withoutthat,youwillbeoccupationallydeadunlessyournamehappenstobeGeorgeBernardShaworThomasAlvaEdison,andyoucansuccessfullydropoutingradeschool.Getacollegedegree,ifpossible.WithaB.A.,youareonthelaunchingpad.Butnowyouhavetostarttoputonthebrakes.Ifyougoforamaster’sdegree,makesureitisanM.B.A.,andisfamouslawofdiminishingreturnsbeginstotakeeffect.Doyouknow,forinstance,thatlong-haultruckdriversearnmoreperyearthanfullprofessors?
Yes,theaverage1977salaryforthosetruckerswas$24000.Whilethefullprofessorsmanagedtoearnjust$23030.APh.D.isthehighestdegreeyoucanget.Exceptforafewspecializedfieldssuchasphysicsorchemistrywherethedegreecanquicklybeturnedtoindustrialorcommercialpurposes,ifyoupursuesuchadegreeinanyotherfield,youwillfaceadimfuture.therearemorePh.D.sunemloyedorunderemployedinthiscountrythananyotherpartoftheworld.IfyoubecomeadoctorofphilosophyinEnglishorhistoryoranthropologyorpoliticalscienceorlanguagesor-worstofall-inphilosophy,youruntheriskofbecomingovereducatedforournationaldemands.Notforourneeds,mindyou,butforourdemands.ThousandsofPh.D.saresellingshoes,drivingcars,waitingontable,andendlesslyfillingoutapplicationsmonthaftermonth.Theymayalsotakeajobinsomehighschoolorbackwatercollegethatpaysmuchlessthanthejanitorearns.Youcanequatethelevelofincomewiththelevelofeducationonlysofar.Farenough,thatis,tomakeyouusefultothegrossnationalproduct,butnotsofarthatnobodycanturnmuchofaprofitonyou.1.Accordingtothewriter,whatthesocietyexpectsofeducationistoturnoutpeoplewho_____.[A]willnotbeadisgracetosociety[B]willbecomeloyalcitizens[C]cantakecareofthemselves[D]canmeetthenation’sdemandsasasourceofmanpower2.ManyPh.D.sareoutofjobbecause_____.[A]theyareimproperlyeducated[B]theyareoflittlecommercialvaluetotheirsociety[C]therearefewerjobsinhighschools[D]theyprefereasierjobsthatmakemoremoney3.Thenationisonlyinterestedinpeople_____.[A]withdiplomas[B]whospecializeinphysicsandchemistry[C]whoarevaluabletothegrossnationalproduct[D]bothAandC4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
[A]BernardShawdidn’tfinishhighschools,nordidEdison.[B]Onemustthinkcarefullybeforepursuingamasterdegree.[C]Thehigheryoureducationlevel,themoremoneyyouwillearn.[D]Ifyouaretoowell-educated,you’llbeovereducatedforsociety’sdemands.5.Thewriterseeseducationas_____.[A]ameansofprovidingjobsecurityandfinancialsecurityandameansofmeetingacountry’sdemandsfortechnicalworkers[B]awaytobroadenone’shorizons[C]moreimportantthanfindingajob[D]anopportunitythateveryoneshouldhave参考答案:
DBCCATheLondonStockExchangehasbeenfamousasaplaceformenonly,andwomenusedtobestrictlyforbiddentoenter.Buttheworldischangingdaybyday,andeventheStockExchange,whichseemedtobeamen’scastle,isgraduallyopeningitsdoorstotheothersex.On16thNovember1971,agreatdecisionwastaken.TheStockExchangeCouncil(thebodyofmenthatadministerstheStockExchange)decidedthatwomenshouldbeallowedontothenewtradingfloorwhenitopenedin1973.Butthe“castle”hadnotbeencompletelyconquered.Thefirstgirlstoworkin“TheHouse”werenotbrokersorjobbers.Theywereneitherallowedtobecomepartnersinstockbrokingfirms,nortobeauthorizeddealersinstocksandshares.Theyweresimplyjuniorclerksandtelephoneoperators.WomenhavebeentryingtogetintotheStockExchangeformanyyears.Severalvoteshavebeentakenin“TheHouse”toseewhetherthememberswouldbewillingtoallowwomentobecomemembers,buttheanswerhasalwaysbeen“No”.Therehavebeenthreerefusalsofthiskindsince1967.Nowwomenareadmitted,althoughinaveryjuniorcapacity.TwoformsofjobbersmadeanapplicationtotheStockExchangeCounciltobeallowedtoemploygirlclerks.Permissionwasfinallygiven.AmemberoftheStockExchangeexplained,afterthisnewshadbeengiven,“Thenewfloorisgoingtobedifferentfromtheoldone.Allthejobberswillhavetheirownstands,withspaceforatelephoneandtypewriters,Thereforetherewillhavetobetypistsandtelephoneoperators.Sowomenmustbeallowedin.”Thisdecisiondidnotmeanaverygreatvictoryinthewarforequalrightsforwomen.However,itwasastepintherightdirection.TheChairmanofthenewbuildingwilleventuallyleadtowomenbeingallowedtohavefullmembershipoftheStockExchange.Itisonlyamatteroftime;itmusthappen.1.TheLondonStockExchangeisfamous____.A.foritsfavorablelocationB.foritspolicyofopeningitsdoorstowomenC.becauseithasbeenaplaceformenonlyD.becausewomenarenowbeginningtoenteritsdoorstowork2.Severalvoteshavebeentakenin“TheHouse”____.A.toseeifwomenwerewillingtobecomemembersB.todecidewhenwomenwouldbeallowedinto“TheHouse”C.tofindoutwhetherthememberswerewillingtoallowwomentobecomemembersD.todecidewhentoallowwomenontothenewtradingfloor3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Since1973womenhavebeenallowedtoworkwiththeLondonStockExchange.B.Womenhavealwaysbeenrefusedparticipationinstocktrading.C.WomenwereneverofficiallyallowedtoentertheStockExchange.D.MenhavebeentryingtogetintotheStockExchange.4.Whatisthisarticleabout?
A.Women’splaceinsociety.B.HowtheLondonStockExchangefunctionedin1971.C.HowwomenhavebeenstrugglingforfullmembershipoftheStockExchange.D.HowwomenweregraduallyallowedtoworkintheStockExchange.参考答案:
CCAD Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:
knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:
theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:
peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:
inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:
sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsB.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialantiwhatwasharmfultothemC.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveD.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesare.possiblebecausethey____.A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveB.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherC.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingD.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.A.theabilitytomakemoneyB.thewilltoworkforpleasureC.thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesD.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjectsB.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintainedC.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievementsD.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.A.helpsocietye
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