专业英语精选课件.docx
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专业英语精选课件.docx
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专业英语精选课件
专业英语
Unit1
Thatisthe degreetowhich asubstanceprevents theflowofanelectriccurrentthroughit
Resistance
Thatis amaterialor coveringwhichelectricity,heat orheattogothrough
Insulator
Thatallowelectricityor heattogothrough
Conductor
Thestandardunit of electricalresistance
Ohm
Thestandardunitusedto measurehowstronglyanelectricalcurrentissent around an electricalsystem
voltage
Twopiecesofwirewereconnectedend toend
Series
Twopieces ofwire wereconnectedsideby side
Parallal
Thestandard unitofmeasurementfor the strengthof an electricalcurrent
Ampere
Astandardoracceptedwayofdoingor makingsomething ,theitems neededforit,oramathematicalruleexpressedinasetofnumbersandletters
Formula
Thestandardmeasure ofelectrical power
wattage
1.resistorsareusedtocontrol voltagesancurrents.电阻器被用于控制电压和电流
2.resistorsarecomponentsthat have apredetermined resistance。
resistancedetermineshowmuch currentwillflow throughacomponent.电阻器是预先设定好电阻的原件,电阻的大小将决定流过电阻器的电流大小。
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3.averyhigh resistanceresistorallowsverylittlecurrent toflow.很大的电阻允许很小的电流流过....文档交流仅供参考...
4.sparks andlights arebriefdisplaysofcurrentflowthroughair。
thelightiscreated ascurrentburnsparts of theair.闪电是电流流过空气的现象,光是由于电流击穿空气而形成的...文档交流仅供参考...
5.metalshavevery low resistance.alow resistanceallowalargeamountofcurrenttoflow。
金属的电流很小,很小的电阻允许很大的电流流过....文档交流仅供参考...
6.thatis whywiresaremadeofmetal。
theyallowcurrenttoflow fromonepointtoanotherpointwithout anyresistance。
wireareusuallycoveredwithrubberorplastic.这就是电线为什么要用金属制成,他们允许电流流过而没有任何阻抗,电线通常外面裹着橡胶或塑料。
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7.high voltagepowerlinesarecoveredwiththick layersofplastictomakethemsafe,but theybecomevery dangerouswhenthelinebreaks andthe wire isexposedandnolongerseparated from otherthings byinsulation.为了安全,高压电线外面要包一层很厚的塑料,当电线折断并且裸露,不再被绝缘体隔离时是非常危险的。
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8.makingtheresistance higherwillletlexscurrentflowso the volumegoes dowm.当电阻调大时,流过的电流迅速减小。
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9.variableresistorsarealsocommoncomponents。
theyhaveadialoraknobthat allows you tochangethe resisitance。
可变电阻器也是普通元件,他们有一个刻度盘或一个旋钮可供调节阻值。
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10.forexample,a500variableresistor canhavea resistanceofanywherebetween0and 500.例如,一个500的可变电阻器,他的阻值可以在0-500之间任意调节。
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Resistanceisgiveninunitsofohms.(ohmsarenamedafterMhoOhmswho playedwithelectricityasa young boyinGermany。
)commonresistorvaluesarefrom 100 to 1000000,each resistor ismarkedwithcoloredstripesto didicatesitsresistance。
tolearnhowtocalculate thtvalueofaresistorbulookingat thestripes ontheresistor.电阻的大小是通过欧姆数来说明的(欧姆数是以曼汉姆,欧姆的名字命名的,当让还是一个孩子的时候就在德国从事电方面的工作了)常用的电阻器的阻值是100—100000,每个电阻器通过印在上面的色条来表明他的阻值的大小,通过查看色条就可以知道电阻器阻值的大小。
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Uint2
Stable subatomicparticlein the leptonfamilyhavingarestmass of9.106*10e-28gramanda unitnegative electricchargeofapproximately1.602*10e-19coulomb.
Electron
Acolorless,highlyflammablegaseous element thelightest ofall gasesandthemostabundantelementintheuniverse,used intheproductionofsyntheticammoniaandmethanol,in petroleumrefining,atomicnumber1
Hyclrogen
Thnetmeasureofthis propertypossessed bya bodyorcontainedina boundedregionofspace
Charge
Apartorparticle consideredtobeanirreducibleconstituentofaspecified system
Atom
Havinga volumeequaltoacubewhose edgeis ofastatedlength
Cubic
Anelectricgeneratorthatproducesalternatingcurrent
Alternator
Oforrelating tomagnetismormagnets
Magnetic
The naturalforce of attractionexertedbyacelestialbody,suchas earth,uponobjects atornearitssurface,tending to drawthem towardthe centerofthebody
Gravity
Aunitofpotenticaldifference equal toonethousandthofavolt
Millivolt
A buildingorgroupof buildingsforthe manufacture of a product
Plant
1.aglassrodbecomeschargedwhenrubbedwith silk, asdoes a hard-rubberrodwhen rubbedwithfur.和硬橡胶棒与毛皮一样,玻璃棒与丝绸摩擦可以使玻璃棒带有电荷。
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2.peoplefoundthatchargesproduce rorces ofrepulsion and attraction.theseareusuallysmallforces.人们发现电荷间存在排斥力和吸引力,这种力通常很小....文档交流仅供参考...
3.negativecharges repel negative charges,positive chargerepel positivecharges,andpositiveandnegative chargesattracteachother,inshort,likecharges repelandunlikecharges attract.负电荷排斥负电荷,正电荷排斥正电荷,正负电荷相互吸引,简言之,同种电荷相互排斥,异种电荷相互吸引....文档交流仅供参考...
4.onfurtherstudyofchargesscientists found thatallnegative chargesare integermultiplesofacertainverysmallcharge.通过对电荷的进一步研究,科学家发现所以的负电荷的电荷量都可以看做是一个整数和一个很小的电荷量的乘积....文档交流仅供参考...
5.scientist alsodiscoveredthatpositivecharges areinteger multiples ofavery small charge,thesamechargesareanelectron—but positivetheprotonhasthischarge.科学家还发现正电荷也可以看做一个整数与一个很小的电荷量的乘积,电荷量的大小与电子相同,质子也具有这样的电荷。
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6.rubbingaglassrodwithasilk clothora hard—rubberrodwithfurdoes not createcharge.ingeneral,chargecannotbecreatedor destroyed,afactcalledthe law ofconservationofcharge。
玻璃棒与丝绸摩擦或是硬橡胶棒与毛皮摩擦并不创造电荷,通常电荷不能创造也不能消亡,这就是电荷守恒定律。
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7.rubbingtheglassrodwithasilkclothremoveselectrons from the rodand putsthemonthecloth. thischarge transfer causes achargeunbalance onboththe rodandcloth.玻璃棒与丝绸摩擦使得电子由玻璃棒运动到丝绸上,这种电荷的移动,使得棒与丝绸的电荷失去平衡。
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8.electronsof anatom haveorbitsatdifferent distancesfromthenucleus。
forsomeatomsthe electrons inthe farthestorbitshave onlyweakforcesbindingthemtothe atoms.原子内的电子在离核不同的位置上绕核运动,在某些原子钟对离核最远的电子只有微弱的力将其束缚在原子内。
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9.anatomwithanunbalancechargeiscalled anion。
Ionsarecharged particlesthatwouldproduce acurrentiftheycouldmove.带有不平衡电荷的原子核称为离子,离子是一种带电荷粒子,如果将离子移动就可以产生电流。
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10.evenatnormal room temperaturestheouterelectronsinmetals receiveenough heatenergytobecomefree,especially forsilver,copper,gold,aluminum. 即使在正常的室温下,一些金属特别是银,铜和金和铝的外层电子也能够获得足够的热量变成自由电子....文档交流仅供参考...
Thechargeofan electronorofaprotonismuchtoosmallto bebasicquantityofchargeforalmost allpracticalapplications.thesi unitofchargesithecoulomb,withthesymbol c。
acoulombofnegative chargeequals thatof 6.42*10e18electrons .thecoulombisaderivedsiunit,whichmeans thatit canbe derivedfrom sibase units。
对于所有的具体应用,用电子或质子的电荷量作为电荷的基本单位太小了,国际单位制中电荷的单位是库伦,符号是c,1库伦电荷与6.242*10e18个电子的电荷量相等,库伦来自国际单位制,这意味着它可以由国际单位制中的基本单位导出。
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Unit3
aclosed pathfollowedorcapableofbeing followed by anelectriccurrent
Circuit
A deviceused tobreakoropen anelectriccircuitorto divertcurrentfrom oneconductortoanother
Switch
Apositionin a circuitordevice atwhichaconnectionisnormallyestablished orbroken
terminal
An instrument,suchasgalvanometer,formeasuringpotentialdifferencesinvolts
Voltmeter
Aninstrumenttheameasures electriccurrent
Ammeter
Adevice thatgenerateslight ,heat,ortherapeuticradiation
Lamp
Adevicethatconvertsanyformof energyintomechanicalenergy, especiallyan intermal-combustionengineoran arrangement ofcoilsandmagnetsthatconverts electriccurrentintomechanicalpower
Motor
Scientistwhospecializesin physics
Physicist
Theworkrequiredtobringaunitelectric charge,magneticpole,ormassfroman infinitelydistantpositionto adesignatedpointinastaticelectric magnetic,orgravitationalfield,respectively
Potential
Theinternationalstandardunitoflength,approximatelyequivalentto39.37 inches,itwasredefined in1983asthedistancetraveled bylightin avacuumin1/299 792458second
Meter
1.apowersupplycouldbesomethingassimple as a 9v batteryorit couldbe ascomplexas aprecisionlaboratory powersupply.电源现可以是像9v电池一样简单,也可以像实验室的精确电源一样复杂....文档交流仅供参考...
2.variableresistorsarecommoncomponents .theyhaveadialoraknobthatallowsyou tochangetheresistance.Thisis very useful formany situations。
可变电阻是常用的元件,它有一个刻度盘或一个旋钮用于改变电阻,在很多的场合是非常有用的...文档交流仅供参考...
3.diodesarecomponents thatallowcurrent toflowinonly one direction。
they have apositive sideanda negativeside。
二极管是一种只允许电流以一个方向流过的元件,它有一个正极和一个负极....文档交流仅供参考...
4.LEDsuseaspecialmaterialwhich emitslightwhen currentflows throughit. unlikelightbulbs ,LEDsneverburnout unlesstheircurrentlimit isreached. LED使用当有电流流过时就发光的特殊材料制成的,同灯泡不同的是,只要电流在一定的限度内,光不会熄灭....文档交流仅供参考...
5.well theletter Lstandsforinductance. Thesimplest inductor isconsistsof apieceofwire.字母L代表电感,最简单的电感器由一段导线组成。
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6.twometallic platesseparated byanon-conducting matericalbetweenthemmakeasimplecapacitor。
不可导的物质隔开两块金属板就可以形成一个简单的电容器。
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7.thetimerequiredforacapacitortoreachitsmaximumcharge isproportionaltothecapacitancevalueand theresistancevalue.电容的充电时间同他的电容值和阻抗成比例。
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8.whenAC currentflowsthrough aninductanceaoppositeemf ofvoltage developsopposinganychange in theinitial current.当交流电流过一个电感,会产生一个方向的电动势或电压来阻止原来的电流的变化....文档交流仅供参考...
9.reactanceisthe propertyof resistingof impedingtheflow of ACcurrentorAC voltage ininductorsandcapacitors.电抗是一种抵制或阻止电感器或电容器中的交流电流或交流电压的属性。
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10.to produceadrift ofelectrons,orelectric current alongawireitisnecessarythattherebeadifferencein“pressure"orpotentialbetween the twoendsofthewirethispotential difference canbeproducedbyconnectingasourceof electrical potentialto theends ofthewire.为了产生电子漂移或电流,必须在一条导线的两端有不同的压力或电动势,这种不同的电动势可以通过导线的两端接上电压源来产生....文档交流仅供参考...
Switches are devices that create ashortcircuitoranopencircuitdepending onthestateoftheswitch。
foralight switch,ON menas shortcircuit(currentflowsthrough the switch,lights lightup).whentheswitchis OFF,
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