届广东省高考一模英语试题.docx
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届广东省高考一模英语试题.docx
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届广东省高考一模英语试题
2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试
(一)
英语
本试卷共10页,满分120分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己所在的市(县、区)、学校、班级、姓名、考号、座位号和考生号填写在答题卡上。
将条形码横贴在每张答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先画掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
SEASummerHighSchoolPrograms2022
ScienceatSEA
ScienceatSEAisafour-weekprogramforrisinghighschooljuniorsandseniors,aswellasrecenthighschoolgraduates,whichfocusesonthecoastalandoffshoremarineenvironmentaroundCapeCod,Massachusetts.TheprogramincludesashorecomponentontheSEAcampusinWoodsHoleandaseacomponentaboardtheSailingSchoolVessel(SSV)CorwithCramer.
July21-August13Expense:
$4,000
SEAQuest
SEAQuestisatwo-weekprogramthatwelcomeshighschoolstudentsandrecentgraduates.Participantswillgainhands-onexperienceconductingfieldresearch,sailingatallship,andunderstandingofthecomplexitiesofcreatingandmanagingmarinereserves.Theyreturnhomewithabroadersenseoftheocean'simportancetoourplanetandtheneedtopreservethispreciousresourceforfuturegenerations.Lifehereisfast-paced.Nopriorsailingexperienceisnecessary.Strongdesiretolearnisrequired!
July11-July22Expense:
$3,200
SEACape
Thisthree-weeksummerprogramatSEAofferscurrenthighschoolstudentstheopportunitytostudythemarineenvironmentfromavarietyofperspectives:
scientific,historical,andliterary.ParticipantsliveandstudyatourcampusinWoodsHole,Massachusetts.
June27–July14Expense:
$3,800
SEAExpedition
Thistwo-weeksummerprogramforhighschoolstudents,includinggraduatingseniors,iscenteredonlearningbydoing.SEAExpeditionisamultidisciplinaryexperiencethatwelcomesstudentstoparticipateineveryaspectofachallengingoffshoresailingandoceanographicexpedition,andoccursentirelyaboardtheSSVCorwithCramer.Lifeatseaisfast-pacedandtough.
Expense:
$3,500July5–July17
21.Whichprogramlaststhelongest?
A.ScienceatSEA.B.SEAQuest.
C.SEACape.D.SEAExpedition.
22.WhatisnecessaryforparticipantsinSEAQuest?
A.Previousexperienceinsailing.
B.Greateagernesstostudythesea.
C.Abilitytoconductscientificexperiments.
D.Knowledgeofsearesourcespreservation.
23.WhatisspecialaboutSEAExpedition?
A.Itoffersopportunitiesofsailing.
B.Itentirelytakesplaceonaship.
C.Itfeaturesmanyrelaxingactivities.
D.Itallowsgraduatestoparticipatein.
B
Desperatetohelphis96-year-oldmothertospeakhermothertongueagain,KeithMcDermottmadeanappealonsocialmediaandwasmetwithafloodofkindresponses.Theoldlady,Ray,wasmovedtotearsaftertalkingonthephonewithoneoftheenthusiasticrespondentsinWelsh.
RaymovedtoAmericaaftermeetingherhusbandwhenshewasonly18,hencewavinggoodbyetoherlifeinWales.ShecontinuedtospeakWelshwithhermum-keepingalittlebitofhome.Butshelostherbelovedmumfourdecadesagoandhadn'tspokenWelshsince.
Despitesufferingfromshort-termmemorylossandsometimesnotrememberingwhatshehasdonerecently,Ray'schildhoodmemoriesinWalesremaincrystalclear.“ShewantstoreturnbutIknow,givenherage,suchlong-distancetravelisoutofthequestion.”saidKeith,“Onceshementioned‘IwishIcouldspeakWelshagainbutIsupposeIneverwill.’ItwasthenthatIthoughtIshouldmakeherwishhappen.”
SoKeith,70,postedonsocialmediaintheNewYorkWelshareaaskingforanyWelshspeakersthatcouldspeakWelshwithhismum.Andhewastouched,aswellasalittleshocked,toreceiveover30responseswithinhalfanhour.KeiththankedeveryoneandeventuallyaskedMelisatogivehismumaphonecall.“SpeakingwithMelisa,her(Ray's)Welshwasalittlerusty.AfewmoreWelshconversationsandIthinkshe'dbefluentagain,”addedKeith.
“Whenyouhaveaparentintheirnineties,youwillfindyoutwohavesomethingincommon:
you'rebothold,soIamverysympathetictomymother'sfeelingsoflonelinessandisolation(孤立).I'mfeelingitmyself.”KeithhopestosetupmoreWelshphoneconversationsforhismumandMelisahaspromisedtosendRaysomeshortstoriesinWelshtoremindherofherlifeinWales.
24.WhydidKeithpostamessageonsocialmedia?
A.TogatherAmericanWelshspeakers.
B.TohelphismumspeakWelshagain.
C.Toslowdownhismum'smemoryloss.
D.Totrackdownhisfamily'sWelshorigin.
25.HowdidKeithfeelafterseeingtheresponses?
A.Surprisedandmoved.B.Concernedandthankful.
C.Sympatheticandexcited.D.Astonishedandisolated.
26.Whatisconveyedinthestory?
A.Socialmediacontributetocloserfamilyties.
B.Mothertonguemeansmorethanalanguage.
C.Childhoodexperiencesshapeone'slaterlife.
D.Onewillbemoresensitivewhengettingolder.
27.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?
A.Acommunitynoticeboard.
B.Ahealthmagazine.
C.Alanguage-learningwebsite.
D.Alocalnewspaper.
C
Throughouthistory,manyspeciesofanimalshavebeenthreatenedwithextinction.WhenEuropeansfirstarrivedinNorthAmerica,morethan60millionbuffalo(水牛)livedonthecontinent.Yethuntingthebuffalowassopopularduringthe19thcenturythatby1900theanimal'spopulationhadfallentoabout400beforethegovernmentsteppedintoprotectthespecies.Insomecountriestoday,theelephantfacesasimilarchallenge,asillegalhunterskilltheanimalsfortheivoryintheirtusks.
Yetnotallanimalswithcommercialvaluefacethisthreat(威胁).Thecow,forexample,isavaluablesourceoffood,butnooneworriesthatthecowwillsoonbeextinct.Whydoesthecommercialvalueofivorythreatentheelephant,whilethecommercialvalueofbeefprotectsthecow?
Thereasonisthatelephantsareacommonresource,whilecowsareprivategoods.Elephantswanderfreelywithoutanyowners.Thehunterhasastrongmotivationtokillasmanyelephantsashecanfind.Becauseillegalhuntersarenumerous,eachhasonlyaslightmotivationtopreservetheelephantpopulation.Bycontrast,cattleliveonfarmsthatareprivatelyowned.Eachfarmermakesgreatefforttomaintainthecattlepopulationonhisfarmbecauseheharveststhebenefitoftheseefforts.
Governmentshavetriedtosolvetheelephant'sproblemintwoways.Somecountries,suchasKenyaandUganda,havemadeitillegaltokillelephantsandselltheirivory.Yettheselawshavebeenhardtoputintoeffect,andelephantpopulationshavecontinuedtodwindle.Bycontrast,othercountries,suchasMalawiandNamibia,havemadeelephantsprivategoodsandallowedpeopletokillelephants,butonlythoseontheirownprорertу.
Withprivateownershipandtheprofitmotivenowonitsside,theAfricanelephantmightsomedaybeassafefromextinctionasthecow.TheancientGreekphilosopherAristotlepointedouttheproblemwithcommonresources:
“Whatiscommontomanyistakenleastcareof,forallmenhavegreaterregardforwhatistheirownthanforwhattheypossessincommonwithothers.”
28.Whydoestheauthormentionbuffaloinparagraph1?
A.Tointroduceasimilarthreattoelephants.
B.Toprovideanexampleofspeciesextinction.
C.Toofferanexplanationforgovernmentpolicies.
D.TopresentthestatisticsofthebuffaloinAmerica.
29.Whydoelephantsfacethreatswhilecowsaresafe?
A.Theyareunderdifferentlawprotection.
B.Theyattractdifferentgroupsofhunters.
C.Theycontaindifferentcommercialvalue.
D.Theyrepresentdifferentownershiptypes.
30.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?
A.Bansonkillingelephantsforivory.
B.Effectivelawsforelephantprotection.
C.Methodsofmakingelephantsprivategoods.
D.Governmentpoliciesontheelephant'sproblem.
31.WhatcanwelearnfromAristotle'swords?
A.Peopleholdlittleregardforothers'property.
B.Peoplewanttoprofitfromcommonresources.
C.Peoplecaremoreabouttheirownpossession.
D.Peopletendtotakewhattheyownforgranted.
D
Ifsomeonecreatedaflyingmachinecapableoftrackingyoudownbylisteningforyourvoice,youmightbeterrified.Butwhatifyouweretrappedinruinsafteranaturaldisasterandfirstresponderscouldn'tlocateyou?
Maybethenahuman-seekingdrone(无人机)wouldn'tbesuchaterribleidea.ThatconceptisthefocusforengineersatGermany'sFraunhoferFKIEInstitute,who'vebuiltadronetofindpeoplebydetecting(探测)humanscreams.
“Thehuman-seekingdronewouldbeidealforpost-disastersituations,suchasearthquakes,hurricanesandwildfires,”saidMacarenaVarela,oneoftheleadengineers.“Theycouldhoveroveranareathatrescuecrewshavedifficultygettingtoandlocateexactlywherepeoplemaybetrapped.”
Locatingpeoplebysoundpresentsitsshareofchallenges.Anauditory(听觉的)systemwouldneedtodistinguishhumancriesfromsoundsthatoftenhappeninnature,suchasanimalcallsandwind.Itmightalsoneedtorecognizepatternsassociatedwithkicking,clappingorotherwayspeopletrytogettheattentionofrescueteams.
Engineerstookthosesituationsintoaccountwhenbuildingouttheirconceptdrone.Theyrecordedthemselvesscreaming,tappingandcreatingothernoisesthatmightbeasignofpeopleintrouble.Then,theyanalyzedeachsoundfrequencytofindcommonsignaturesandusedthosetotrainartificialintelligencesoftware.Theyalsoworkedtoremovethenoisecreatedbythedroneandotherenvironmentalsounds.
Oncethesoftwarepartwascomplete,theteamplacedtinydigitalmicrophonesunderthedroneandusedsignalprocessingtechniquesthatenabledthemtotrackwherehumannoisesarecomingfrom.Themicrophonesalsoenhancedthevolumeandcla
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