美国四分制和十分制中英文.docx
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美国四分制和十分制中英文.docx
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美国四分制和十分制中英文
美國四分制和十分制
FabricInspectionSystem.
FabricinspectionandQCisoneofthemajorareasintextileandgarmentsector.Toestablishaworkablesystemforinspectingandevaluatingpiecegoodsshipmentsisvital.Nosingleacceptedsystemformeasuringthequalityoffabrics,butsomeofthemorecommonlyusedsystemsaredescribedinthissection.
Werecommendaminimumof10%inspectionoffabricspriortospreading.Someareintendingtoinspectthegoodswhilespreading.HoweverthisisunrealisticandthespreadersarenottheQC.
1-Ten-PointSystem
In1955,theTen-PointSystemforpiecegoodsevaluationwasapprovedandadoptedbytheTextileDistributor'sInstituteandNationalFederationofTextiles.Thissystemassignspenaltypointstoeachdefect,dependingonitslength.TheTen-PointSystemissomewhatcomplicatedbecausepoints-per-lengthvaryforwarpandfillingdefects.Tableblowshowsabreakdownofthepoints:
Table1-Ten-PointSystem
WarpDefectsPenaltyFillingDefectsPenalty
10-36inches10pointsFullwidth10points
5-10inches5points5inches-1/2thewidthofgoods5points
1-5inches3points1-5inches3points
Upto1inch1point
UndertheTen-PointSystem,apieceisgradeda"first"ifthetotalpenaltypointsdonotexceedthetotalyardageofthepiece.Apieceisgradeda"second"ifthetotalpenaltypointsexceedthetotalyardageofthepiece.
2-Four-PointSystem
TheFour-PointSystemhasreceivedthewidestacceptanceinboththetextileandneedletradesbecauseitisthemostlenient.Itissimpleandeasytounderstand.Sinceitisthemostwidelyused?
2.1-AmounttoInspect-Inspectatleast10%ofthetotalrollsintheshipment.
2.2-SelectionofRollsSelectatleastonerollofeachcolor.Ifmorethanonerollpercolormustbeinspected,thenselectthenumberofadditionalrollsinproportiontothetotalrollspercolorreceived.
2-3DefectClassificationTheFour-PointSystemclassifiesdefectsasshowninTable2:
Table2Four-PointSystem
SizeofDefectPenalty
3inchesorless1point
Over3,butnotover6inches2points
Over6,butnotover9inches3points
Over9inches4points
Amaximumoffourpointsischargedtoonelinearyard.
Thelengthofthedefectisusedtodeterminethepenaltypoint.Onlymajordefectsareconsidered.(Amajordefectisanydefectthat,iffoundinafinishedgarment,wouldclassifythatgarmentasasecond.)Nopenaltypointsarerecordedorassignedforminordefects.
Majordefectsareclassifiedasfollows:
-Majorwovenfabricdefectsareslubs,hole,missingyarn,conspicuousyarnvariation,endout,soiledyarn,wrongyarn.
-Majorknittedfabricdefectsaremixedyarn,yarnvariation,runner,needleline,barre,slub,hole,andpressoff.
-Majordyeorprintingdefectsareoutofregister,dyespots,machinestop,colorout,colorsmear,orshading.
-SuppliersusingtheFour-PointSystemshouldobtainexamplesofmajordefectsandminordefects,andmakethemavailableasvisualaidsfortheInspectors.
2.4-AcceptancePoint-CountMostsuppliersuse40pointsper100yardsastheacceptabledefectrate.However,youshouldestablishyouracceptancepoint-countbasedonyourproductanditsenduse.
2.5-AcceptanceCriteria-Therearetwomethodsofdeterminingwhetherashipmentisacceptable.Youmustdecidewhichmethodwillfityourproduct.Themethodsavailableareasfollows:
Onemethodofacceptanceusesaprojectionoftotaldefectsbasedonthenumberofdefectsfoundduringinspectionofasample.Hereisanexampleusingthismethod:
Totalyardagereceived:
2,400yards
Acceptancepoint-count:
40per100yards
Totalyardsinspected:
240yards
Totalpenaltypointsfoundinthesampleinspection:
148points
148/240X100=61.7pointsper100yards.
(Allowanceis40pointsper100yards.)
Action:
Shipmentwouldfail.
Asecondmethodisacceptanceof10%badrolls.
Hereisanexampleofthemethod:
Totalyardagereceived:
2,400yards
Acceptancepointcount:
40per100yards
Totalyardsinspected:
7(10%rolls)
Numberofrollsrejected:
2
2/7=29%rollsrejected.
Action:
As29%ofrollsinspectedwererejected,theshipmentwouldbeheldforadecision.
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Youmustdecidewhethertorejecttheentireshipmentandreturnittothepiecegoodssource,orwhetherto100%inspectthebalanceoftherolls.Managementmustmakethisdecision;donotleavesuchdecisionstotheInspectororQualityControlSupervisor.Ifyouneedproductionfromthegoodrolls,itmaybetoyouradvantageto100%inspect.
2.6-InspectionProcedureThisprocedureshowsthestepsnecessarytoensureaneffectivepiecegoodsqualitycontrolprogram:
*Determinetheamounttoinspect,
*Selecttherollstoinspect,
*Puttherollsontheinspectionmachineorotherviewingdevice,
Cutoffa6-inchpieceacrossthewidthofthegoods.MarkthispiecesothattheInspectorwillknowtherightandleftsidesofthefabric.Usethestriptocheckforshadingside-to-sideandend-to-endbycheckingitatleastonceagainstthemiddleoftherollandonceattheotherend,
·Inspectforvisualdefectsataspeedslowenoughtofindthedefects,
·Checkthattherollcontainstheyardageasstatedbythepiecegoodssource,
·Checkforskewed,biased,andbowedfabric.Predeterminethetoleranceyouwillallow;thiswilldependonyourproduct.
·Example:
WidthofFabricTolerance
(InInches)(InInches)
45-501
50-6011/2
Weightherolloffabrictodetermineyield:
Yards/Weight=Yield
Example:
Weightofroll=35pounds
Yardsinroll=59.5yards
59.5/35=1.70yield.
IfmajordefectsarenotcutoutofthefabricbytheInspector,markthemontheselvage(forexamplewithcoloredthreads).Shouldyoulaterwanttoreviewthedefectswiththepiecegoodsrepresentative,thedefectscanbeeasilylocatedontheinspectionmachine.Inaddition,thedefectscanbeeasilynotedbytheSpreadersothattheycanbecutout.
Recordthedefectsonareportform.(SeethesuggestedPieceGoodsQualityControlInspectionReportformonthefollowingpage.Pleasenotethatthisisonlyasuggestedreportform.Sincereportformscanrequireavarietyofdetailedinformation,makesurethatyourreportformcontainsalltheinformationyouneed.Theoriginalversionofoursuggestedformisenclosedatthebackofthismanualforduplicationpurposes.)
Donotrequiredataontheformthatyouwillnotuse.Recordingdataisalaborcost,sokeepyourformsimple.
2.7-PossibleConsiderationsforRejectionInadditiontoexcessivedefects,thefollowingarecommonreasonsforrejectingfabricrolls:
Norollwithalengthoflessthan25yardsshouldbeacceptedasfirstquality.Youmaywanttospecifythisonyourpurchaseorder.
Norollcontainingmorethanonespliceshouldbeacceptedasfirstquality.
NorollcontainingasplicepartlessthanXX*yardsshouldbeacceptedasfirstquality.(Youmaynotwanttoreceiverollswithasplicenearthebeginningorendoftheroll.)
美国纺织四分制与十分制检验标准分制(中文版)
一、AATCC检验及抽样标准:
1.抽样数量:
总码数的平方根乘以八.
2.抽箱数:
总箱数的平方根.
二.四分制检验:
1.1"-3"扣1分 3"-6"扣2分
6"-9"扣3分 9"以上扣4分
2.疵点的评分原则:
A,同一码中所有经纬向的疵点扣分不超过4分.
B,破洞不问大小扣4分.
C,布边一英寸内不扣分.
D,连续性疵点须开裁或降等外品.
E,任何大于针孔的洞均扣4分。
F,无论经向或纬向,无论何病疵,都以看得见为原则,并按疵点评分给予正确扣分.
G,除了特殊规定(比如涂层上胶布),通常只需检验布的正面。
3.等级计算方法有两种:
A,以线长度为基准计算:
100M扣分不超过50分为A级(为可接受范围).
100M扣分超过50分为B级.(为不可接受范围).
B,以平方码为基准计算:
每百平方码四十分(为可接受范围)
总疵点评分*3600
被查布匹实际长度*实际布匹门幅(英寸)
拒收标准:
A,一匹布疵点评分超过四十分.
B,整匹大货的标准疵点超过20分.
C,疵点连续出现在三米或以上,不论疵点评分多少.
三、十分制检验:
1.经向疵点扣分法:
1”以下扣1分 1”——5”扣3分
5”——10”扣5分 10”——36”之间扣10分
纬向扣分法:
1”以下扣1分 1”——5”扣3分
5”——半门幅之间扣5分
半门幅以上上扣10分
疵点的评分原则:
A:
同一码中所有经纬向的疵点扣分不超过10分.
B,破洞不问大小扣10分.
C,布边半英寸内不扣分.
D,连续性疵点须开裁或降等外品.
E,任何大于针孔的洞均扣10分。
F,无论经向或纬向,无论何病疵,都以看得见为原则,并按疵点评分给予正确扣分.
G,除了特殊规定(比如涂层上胶布),通常只需检验布的正面。
四,等级计算方法:
1.可接受范围=总分数小于总码数
2. 百码扣分不得超过一百分
面料检验_美标四分制(中文版)
布匹的检验方法常见的是"四分制评分法"。
在这个"四分制评分法"中,对于任何单一疵点的最高评分为四分。
无论布匹存在多少疵点,对其进行的每直线码数(Linearyard)疵点评分都不得超过四分。
布匹检验标准
布匹的检验方法常见的是"四分制评分法"。
在这个"四分制评分法"中,对于任何单一疵点的最高评分为四分。
无论布匹存在多少疵点,对其进行的每直线码数(Linearyard)疵点评分都不得超过四分。
对于经纬和其他方向的疵点将按以下标准评定疵点分数:
一分:
疵点长度为3寸或低于3寸
两分:
疵点长度大于3寸小于6寸
三分:
疵点长度大于6寸小于9寸
四分:
疵点长度大于9寸
对于严重的疵点,每码疵点将被评为四分。
例如:
无论直径大小,所有的洞眼都将被评为四分。
对于连续出现的疵点,如:
横档、边至边色差、窄封或不规则布宽、折痕、染色不均匀等的布匹,每码疵点应被评为四分。
每码疵点的评分不得超过四分。
评分的计算
不同布种的接受水平
抽样程序
评定布匹等级的其他考虑因素
评分的计算:
原则上每卷布经检查后,便可将所得的分数加起来。
然后按接受水平来评定等级,但由于不同的布封便须有不同的接受水平,所以,若用以下的公式计算出每卷布匹在每100平方码的分数,而只须制订一在100平方码下的指定分数,便能对不同布封布匹作出等级的评定。
(总分数x36x100)/(受检码数x可裁剪的布匹宽度)=每100平方码的分数
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不同布种的接受水平
不同类型的布匹被分为以下四大类。
超过指定分数的单卷布匹应被定为二等品。
如果整批布匹的平均评分超过了指定的分数水平,则该批布匹应被视为未通过检验。
梭织布匹
类型布匹种类单卷整批
1全人造布匹,聚酯/尼龙/醋酸纤维制品
衬衫衣料
纺人造纤维织物
精纺毛料20点/100平方码16点/100平方码
2粗斜纹棉布
帆布
府绸/牛津条纹或方格纹棉布衬衫衣料
纺人造纤维织物
毛织品
条纹或格子花纹的布/染成的靛青纱
所有专用布匹,提花织物/多比灯芯绒/天鹅绒/伸展粗斜纹棉布/人造布匹/混纺28点/100平方码20点/100平方码
3亚麻布
薄细棉布40点/100平方码32点/100平方码
4多皮奥尼丝绸/轻丝绸50点/100平方码40点/100平方码
针织布匹
类型布匹种类单卷整批
1全人造布匹,聚脂/尼龙/醋酸纤维制品
人造丝
精纺毛料
混纺丝绸20点/100平方码16点/100平方码
2全专业布匹,提花织物/多比灯芯绒
纺人造纤维织物
毛纺品
染成的靛青纱
丝绒/斯潘德克斯25点/100平方码20点/100平方码
3基本针织布匹(精梳棉布/混纺棉布)30点/100平方码25点/100平方码
4基本针织布匹(经梳毛机梳理过的棉布)40点/100平方码32点/100平方码
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抽样程序
选择待检卷完全是随机挑选。
纺织厂需要在一批布匹中最少有80%的卷已打包时,向检验员出示货物装包单。
检验员将从中挑选受检卷。
一旦检验员选定待检卷,不得再对待检卷数或已被挑选受检的卷数进行任何调整。
检验期间,除了录和核对颜色之外,不得从任何卷中截取任何码数的布匹。
对接受检验的所有卷布匹都定等级,评定疵点分数。
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