高考英语讲义特殊句式.docx
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高考英语讲义特殊句式.docx
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高考英语讲义特殊句式
OK!
教育
高考英语讲义
教学目的
了解倒装、强调句、反义疑问句、主谓一致、省略、it用法
上课时间
上课时长
上课内容
特殊句式
课次
1.倒装
1.全部倒装(将整个谓语部分放在主语之前)
(1)在therebe句型中(其中be还可以换成seem,live,stand,lie,appear,lie,exist,come等动词),要全部倒装
Longlongago,therelivedakingwholikedhorsesverymuch.
Therearemanypeopledancinginthesquare.
Thereseemstohaveaconcertinthehalltomorrow.
Thereliesasnakealongthelake.
(2)such放句首,句子全部倒装(注意主谓一致,以谓语动词后面的成分来确定的单复)
Suchwashislifethen.Suchiswhathewants.Suchwereherbooks.
(3)以there,here,now,then,thus等引导的句子中,谓语动词常为be,come,go等,句子全部倒装
Theregoesthebell.Herecomesthebus.
Thencameanewdifficultquestion.Thereringsthetelephone.
(4)以down,up,out,away等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时,句子全部倒装
(人称代词出现时,句子不倒装)
Upwentthearrowintothesky.Incametheteacher.Awayranthedog.
Outrushedthepeoplefromtheirhousewhentheearthquakehappened.
Inshecame.Hereyouare.Outitran.(人称代词出现,不倒装)
(5)表地点的介词短语放在句首,句子要用倒装
Intheclassroomstaysagirl.
Onthedeskliesabook.
2.部分倒装(将谓语中的助动词,情态动词,be动词放在主语之前)
(1)only+状语(副词,介词短语,状语从句)放在句首,谓语动词部分倒装
OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.
Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.
OnlywhenIcameintothehousedidIrecognizetheman.
注:
only修饰主语时,句子不用倒装
Onlyyoucanfinishthework.
(2)so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,句子部分倒装
SodidI(我也是)和sohedoes(他确实是)的判断方法
〈1〉判断原句正负(肯定为正,否定为负)
原句为正用so开头,原句为负用neither或nor开头
〈2〉判断原句的be/助动词/情态动词(根据时态和人称确定)
〈3〉看人称所指一致不一致
人称所指一致,用正序;人称所指不一致用倒序
〈4〉如果出现第三个人和前面两人的情况相同时,用itisthesamewithsb.
如果两者情况都相同时,并且原句为否定,则省略句还可用:
主语be/助动词/情态动词+either.
Iwentthereyesterday,sodidhe.我昨天去那里了,他也去了。
——Tomisagoodstudent.
——Soheis.(强调他的却是)
SheneverwenttoBeijing.NeitherdidI.(强调我也没去过)
(3)否定副词或短语放在句首,句子部分倒装
Never,no,hardly,scarcely,barely,seldom,little,not,few,nowhere,rarely,innotime,bynomeans,innocase,under/innocircumstances等
NotasinglemistakedidImake.
NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.
Seldomdoeshegetupearly.
(4)复合句型的倒装
〈1〉Notuntil提前主倒从不倒
陈述语序:
Wedidnothavesupperuntilhereturnedhome.
倒装语序:
Notuntilhereturnedhomedidwehavesupper.
〈2〉nosooner……than……/Hardly……when……(一……就)
Nosooner+句子部分倒装(过去完成时)than+句子(一般过去时)
Hardly+句子部分倒装(过去完成时)when+句子(一般过去时)
Nosoonerhadthebellrungthantheteachercamein.
Hadlyhadwearrivehomethenthetelephonerang.
Nosoonerhadhepickupthepaperthantheownerreachedandaskforit.
〈3〉notonly……butalso……(不但……而且……)前倒后不倒
Notonlywasheforcedtostayathome,butalsohehadtodohishomework.
Notonlyhashearrivedthedestination,butalsohepreparedatableofdeliciousfoodforus.
〈4〉so……that……(如此……以至于……)前倒后不到
So+形容词+be+主语that……
So+副词+助动词+主语+实意动词that……
Soclearlydoeshespeakthatweallunderstandwhathesays.
Sofastdidherunthatwecannotgowithhim.
Sofastdidheridethemotorbikewhenheturnaroundthecornerthathefelldownheavily.
〈5〉让步状语从句中,从句部分倒装
句型
例句
名词+as/though+主系
主句
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
形容词+as/though+主系
Youngasheis,hefinishesiteasily.
副词+as/though+主谓
Hardashehadworked,hefailedtheexam.
动词原形+as/though+主助
Tryashedid,hefailed.
上述句子都可以换成用although或but引导的让步状语从句(陈述句式):
Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.
Althoughheisyoung,hefinishesiteasily.
Althoughhehadworkedhard,hefailedtheexam.
Hetried,buthefailed.
二、强调句型
1.类型和结构
类型
结构
例句
肯定
Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分
Itismyfatherwhoalwaysgivesmemoney.
一般疑问句
Is/wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分
Wasityoursisterwhohelpedyou?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+is/was+itthat+其他成分
Wherewasitthattheyboughtthebike?
Whatwasitthatmadetheresultchanged?
其他
Itmightbe+被强调部分+that+其他
Itmusthavebeen+被强调部分+that+其他
ItmightbeTomwhobrokethewindow.
ItmusthavebeenTomwhobrokethewindowlastnight.
2.Notuntil的强调句型
Hedidnotgotobeduntil11o’clock.
Itwasnotuntil11o’clockthathewenttobed.
比较:
陈述句式:
Hedidnotgotobeduntilhismothercameback.
倒装句式:
Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhegotobed.
强调句式:
Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.
3.谓语动词的强调
Do/does/did+动词原形,可以用来强调谓语动词表示“的却,确实”
Idohopeyouwillstaytolunch.
Hedidattendthemeeting.
4、强调句和其他句型的区别:
(1)强调句和主语从句的区别:
Itistherethataccidentsoftenhappens.
ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
(2)强调句和定语从句的区别
ItisnovelsthatMissWilliamenjoysreading.
Itisaquestionthatneedscarefullyconsideration.
(3)强调句和状语从句的区别:
Itwasat6:
00thatIgotuptoday.
Itwas6:
00whenIgetup.
ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.
ItwastwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.
Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.
Itwastwoyearslaterthathecamebackfromabroad.
三、反意疑问句
1、做反意疑问句的步骤
(1)判断陈述部分的正负(正为肯定,负为否定认识否定词)
否定词:
seldom,hardly,never,few,nothing,nobody,nowhere,no,scarcely,barely,little,not,nowhere,rarely,innotime,bynomeans,innocase,under/innocircumstances
(2)判断陈述部分需要用的代词
(3)反意部分为:
be/助动词/情态动词+人称(根据前肯后否,前否后肯的原则)
Lucyisagoodstudent,isn’tshe?
Iamthefirstonetocometoschool,aren’tI?
2、反意疑问句的类型
(1)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
①当must为“必须”时,其反意部分用needn’t,当含有mustn’t(不允许,禁止)时,反意部分用must/may.
Youmustgonow,needn’tyou?
Youmustn’tsmokehere,mustyou/mayyou?
②当must表推测,为“一定,准是”时
(对现在的推测)mustbe,反意部分用be(am/is/are)+n’t+人称代词
Hemustbeathome,isn’the?
Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?
(对过去的推测)肯定用musthavedone否定用can’thavedone
有时间状语反意部分用did/didn’t+人称代词
反意部分,分两种情况:
Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn’tyou?
无时间状语反意部分用have/has(n’t)+人称代词
Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou?
(2)陈述部分有usedto的反意疑问句,反意部分用usedn’t/didn’t+人称代词
Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedn’tyou?
(3)陈述部分有oughtto的反意疑问句
Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’the?
(4)陈述部分有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody,nowhere,no,none,noneof,neither,nor等否定或半否定词,反意部分用肯定形式。
Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe?
(5)陈述部分含有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词(unsatisfied,uncertain,impossible,irregular,unhappy,discover,unsuccessful,unfamiliar的反意疑问句,反意部分用否定形式。
Mysisterisunhappywithherposition,isn’tshe?
Tomdislikesplayingtennis,doesn’the?
(6)含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
一般含有从句的反义疑问句,只需要需要看主句的谓语动词,和人称
当主句中含有否定转移的词think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine时,前肯后否,前否后肯
1主语为第一人称,反意部分看从句的助动词和人称代词
MymotherandIthoughtthegirlwasright,wasn’tshe?
Idon’tbelievehewillsucced,willhe?
2主语为第二三人称,反意部分看主句的助动词和人称代词
Heneverthinksthebuildingcanbefinishedthisyear,doeshe?
Youseldomknowwhatistherealgoalofthisaction,doyou?
(7)祈使句的反意疑问句,不表反意,只表示一种语气
Letusgo,willyou?
Let’sgo,shallwe?
Don'tsmokehere,willyou?
Runquickly,won’tyou/willyou?
(8)反意问句的回答
要么肯定,要么否定不能出现yes,Idon’t.No,Ido.应该用:
Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.
(9)反意疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称和数上保持一致
陈述部分主语
反意疑问句主语
例句
one(指人)
one或he
Onecan'tbecarefulenough,canhe/one?
this,that,these,those
it/they
Thisisn’tafasttrain,isit?
everything,anything,
something,nothing
it
Nothinghappenedtohim,didit?
Somethinghasgonewrongwiththismachine,hasn’tit?
everybody,
everyone,someone,somebody,
noone,nobody,anybody,anyone
he或they
Everybodyagreedtotheplan,didn’tthey?
Nobodylikestobelaughedat,doesn’tthey/don’tthey?
不定式/动名词/其他短语
It
LearningEnglishwelltakesalotoftime,doesn’tit?
Therebe句型
be/情态动词/助动词+there
Thereisnodoubtaboutit,isthere?
Thereusedtobeachurchhere,didn’t/usedn’tthere?
Therewillberaintomorrow,won’tthere?
Thereshouldbenoproblem,shouldthere?
四、主谓一致(语法一致,意义一致,就近原则)
(一)、并列主语的主谓一致
(1)由and连接两个名词或代词做主语,即AandB,可分为三种情况:
①A和B表示不同的人,物或者概念,谓语动词要用复数形式:
TomandJackwereclosefriendslastyear.
Thedoctorandthenurseshouldalwayshelpthesickpeople.
②A和B表示同一人,物和概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式:
Trialanderroristhesourceofourknowledge.
Knifeandforkisusefulindinner.
Breadandbutterisnutritious.
Thedoctorandnurseishelpingthepoorpeopleinthevillage.
③A和B之前有each,every,manya,no等修饰语时,谓语动词要用单数,B前的限定词可省略
Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.
Manyamanandwomanlikeseatingsomethingdelicious.
(2)由or,nor,either……or……,neither……nor……,not……but……,notonly……butalso……,连接的并列主语,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词的单复数要和它临近的主语的数保持一致
Oneortwofriendsarecomingthisevening.
NeitherhenorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthisprogram.
(3)如果主语后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,but,expect,like,inadditionto,including,besides,aswellas,asmuchas,around,ratherthan,morethan等引起的短语,用就远原则
Anexpert,aswellassomeassistants,wassenttohelpthiswork.
TomalongwithhisfriendsgoesskatingonSundays.
注:
therebe句型也用就近原则
Thereisadeskintheroom,buttherearenochairsinit.
(二)、单一主语的主谓一致
1、以s结尾的名词的主谓一致
(1)以s结尾的专有名词做主语的主谓一致
①国名,书名,报纸名,剧名:
theUnitedStates,TheUnitedNations,TheNewYorkTimes,TheArabianNights做主语,谓语动词用单数
②如果群岛,山脉,海峡,瀑布等地理名词做主语,谓语动词用复数
TheHimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplant.
(2)以ics结尾的学科名词physics,maths,politics,means,news等做主语,谓语动词用单数
Mathsisaninterestingsubject.Everymeanshasbeentried.
(3)以s结尾的由两部分组成的工具,衣服,等做主语,谓语动词用复数
Trousers裤子pants短裤goods货物shoes鞋子glasses眼睛clothes衣服
如果这些词由apair(suit,piece,series,kind)of修饰时,谓语动词用单数
Myglassesarenew.John’strousersareblack.
Thereisapairofshoesunderthechair.Apieceofchalkcanbeusedtowritewords.
如果pair,suit,piece,series,kind为复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
Twopairsofshoesareontheshelf,pleasepassmethem.
2、动名词,不定式,从句做主语,谓语动词用单数
(1)由what引导的主语从句做主语,应根据意义一致原则来决定位于动词的单复数
Whattheyneedismoney.Whattheyneedaresomebooks.
(2)不定式,动名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数
Towalkinthenewstreetisexciting.Readingishelpfultous.
(3)由连接词连接的多个非谓语动词做主语,表示同一概念,谓语动词用单数;表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数。
Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhab
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