雅思阅读精读提升阅读成绩的不二法门.docx
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雅思阅读精读提升阅读成绩的不二法门.docx
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雅思阅读精读提升阅读成绩的不二法门
雅思阅读精读:
提升阅读成绩的不二法门
雅思阅读精读:
提升阅读成绩的不二法门
认真选择精读文章,只需10篇剑桥文章,你的成绩就可以在7.5以上。
(前提是你不是流于形式,而是走心的)闲的蛋疼的学霸可以精读个30篇,8.5以上妥妥的。
我一直认为精读最大的目的在于四点:
生词+学科核心生词;每道题涉及解题的同义替换;长难句的不回读训练;段落中心句位置+文章构架的积累训练与开悟体验
雅思阅读精读1.生词+学科核心生词
学生公认精读来扫清阅读单词死角是再合适不过的了,尤其精读了几篇生物类文章,再答生物类全都认识了。
比如C7蚂蚁智能里面的forage/scout/bearing/odour等词,精读过少量生物类文章,再去做OG上的swarm之类的文章就非常easy了,通篇可以快速读懂,准确定位,正确率超高。
再如精读过C9的金星凌日,天文类词汇基底你就get到了,什么日食月食轨道运行太阳黑子与光斑,只要考试出了天文类,百分之75以上的基底词汇你都是认识的,答题就自如多了。
雅思阅读精读2.每道题涉及解题的同义替换
刚好写了个回答关于:
雅思阅读每次大概定位准确了,但是精准的定位总是偏差一点,怎么破?
!
?
粗定位一个定位词,全文没准儿30多处,俗话说:
两点定一线,你的关键词/定位词,至少要画两个以上还要全都找到。
我一般建议学生“抓三点”“抓四点”“抓五点”,题配句,词换词,细定位就是要找至少两三个换的词。
说到底,同义替换词这个事情,还是要多多积累的,比积累词汇量在雅思阅读中,还要重要。
所以单词量达到瓶颈以后,要做的是背“同义替换词表”
雅思阅读精读3.长难句的不回读训练
忘了是哪个老师跟我说过:
三行以上必出题。
N个学生的反馈都是:
长难句读到后半句,前面就忘了度过了什么。
OR单词都认识,就是读文章速度太慢。
当年考GMAT看过一本《GMAT长难句练习》,里面提到了”打死我也不回读”这个方法,一直分享给学生,效果反馈很棒。
里面说:
只要每天练习五个长难句不回读训练,看到大长句子,习惯性切割主谓宾,一周就会看到效果。
本来想着不就是主谓宾嘛,结果练了十多天,读题速度有了飞跃性的提升。
长难句再也不是问题,看到就自动读主谓宾,这就可以轻松记住意思,读下面句子的时候,逻辑就形成了非常舒服的衔接。
如果有题在句子中,再去精读也不迟。
雅思阅读精读4.段落中心句位置+文章构架的积累训练与开悟体验
LOH(ListofHeadings)和段落信息配对,怎么做,主要靠精读的这个步骤。
LOH做多了,自然有了feel,首句中心句?
末句中心句?
转折中心句?
这就不细说了,做多了就知道。
段落信息配对题,俗称断子绝孙题,因为无序且恶心,同义替换幅度较大,有时候需要通读全文。
我却始终坚信“预测乃解决断子绝孙题的直通车”。
只要精读了,你就会发现,原来文章各个部位都有暗示你过,那么下次如果你没读原文直接做__G你要怎么“蒙题”,精读多了你就懂了。
BTW,精读之前,务必掐着时间做题,剑桥文章有限珍贵,不能上来直接精读,不要浪费掐时间的机会!
雅思阅读素材积累:
Nowyouknow
雅思阅读:
Nowyouknow
Whenshouldyouteachchildren,andwhenshouldyouletthemexplore?
ITISoneoftheoldestdebatesineducation.Shouldteacherstellpupils
thewaythingsareorencouragethemtofindoutforthemselves?
Telling
children“truths"abouttheworldhelpsthemlearnthosefactsmorequickly.Yet
theefficientlearningofspecificfactsmayleadtotheassumptionthatwhen
theadulthasfinishedteaching,thereisnothingfurthertolearn—becauseif
therewere,theadultwouldhavesaidso.AstudyjustpublishedinCognitionby
ElizabethBonawitzoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andPatrickShafto
oftheUniversityofLouisville,inKentucky,suggeststhatistrue.
DrBonawitzandDrShaftoarrangedfor85four-andfive-year-oldstobe
presented,duringavisittoamuseum,withanoveltoythatlookedlikea
tangleofcolouredpipesandwascapableofdoingmanydifferentthings.They
wantedtoknowwhetherthewaythechildrenplayedwiththetoydependedonhow
theywereinstructedbytheadultwhogaveittothem.
Onegroupofchildrenhadastrictlypedagogicalintroduction.The
experimentersaid"Lookatmytoy!
Thisismytoy.I'mgoingtoshowyouhowmy
toyworks."Shethenpulledayellowtubeoutofapurpletube,creatinga
squeakingsound.Followingthis,shesaid,"Wow,seethat?
Thisishowmytoy
works!
"andthendemonstratedtheeffectagain.
Withasecondgroupofchildren,theexperimenteracteddifferently.She
interruptedherselfafterdemonstratingthesqueakbysayingshehadtogoand
writesomethingdown,thussuggestingthatshemightnothavefinishedthe
demonstration.Withathirdgroup,sheactivatedthesqueakasifbyaccident.
Toafourth,thetoywassimplypresentedwiththecomment,"Wow,seethistoy?
Lookatthis!
"
Afterthesevariedintroductions,thechildrenwereleftwiththetoyand
allowedtoplay.Theymightdiscoverthat,aswellasthesqueaker,thetoyhad
abuttoninsideonetubewhichactivatedalight,akeypadthatplayedmusical
notes,andaninvertingmirrorinsideoneofthetubes.Allthechildrenwere
toldtolettheexperimenterknowwhentheyhadfinishedplayingandwereasked
bytheinstructoriftheyweredoneiftheystoppedplayingformorethanfive
consecutiveseconds.Theentireinteractionwasrecordedonvideo.
Footageofeachchildplayingwaspassedtoaresearchassistantwhowas
ignorantofthepurposeofthestudy.Theassistantwasaskedtorecordthe
totalplayingtime,thenumberofdifferentactionsthechildperformed,the
timespentplayingwiththesqueak,andthenumberofotherfunctionsthechild
discovered.
Theupshotwasthatchildreninthefirstgroupspentlesstimeplaying
(119seconds)thanthoseinthesecond(180seconds),thethird(133seconds)or
thefourth(206seconds).Thoseinthefirstgroupalsotriedoutfourdifferent
actions,onaverage.Theotherstried5.3,5.9and6.2,respectively.Asimilar
pattern(0.7,1.3,1.2and1.2)pertainedtothenumberoffunctionsotherthan
thesqueakthatthechildrenfound.
Theresearchers'conclusionwasthat,inthecontextofstrangetoysof
unknownfunction,priorexplanationdoes,indeed,inhibitexplorationand
discovery.Generalisingfromthatwouldbeambitious.Butitsuggeststhat
furtherresearchmightbequiteagoodidea
雅思阅读素材积累:
Whoselostdecade?
Japan'seconomyworksbetterthanpessimiststhink—atleastforthe
elderly.
THEJapanesesaytheysufferfromaneconomicdiseasecalled"structural
pessimism".Overseastoo,thereisatendencytoseeJapanasaharbingerofall
thatisdoomedintheeconomiesoftheeurozoneandAmerica—eventhoughfigures
releasedonNovember14thshowitseconomygrewbyanannualised6%inthethird
quarter,reboundingquicklyfromtheMarchtsunamiandnucleardisaster.
LookdispassionatelyatJapan'seconomicperformanceoverthepastten
years,though,and"thesecondlostdecade",ifnotthefirst,isamisnomer.
MuchofwhattarnishesJapan'simageistheresultofdemography—morethanhalf
itspopulationisover45—aswellasitspoorpolicyindealingwithit.Even
so,mostJapanesehavegrownricheroverthedecade.
Inaggregate,Japan'seconomygrewathalfthepaceofAmerica'sbetween
2022年and2022年.YetifjudgedbygrowthinGDPperpersonoverthesameperiod,
thenJapanhasoutperformedAmericaandtheeurozone(seechart1).Inpart
thisisbecauseitspopulationhasshrunkwhereasAmerica'spopulationhas
increased.
ThoughgrowthinlabourproductivityfellslightlyshortofAmerica'sfrom
2022年to2022年,totalfactorproductivity,ameasureofhowacountryusescapital
andlabour,grewfaster,accordingtotheTokyo-basedAsianProductivity
Organisation.Japan'sunemploymentrateishigherthanin2022年,yetitremains
abouthalfthelevelofAmericaandEurope(seechart2).
Besidessupposedstagnation,thetwoothercursesoftheJapaneseeconomy
aredebtanddeflation.Yetthesealsopartlyreflectdemographyandcanbe
overstated.PeopleoftenthinkofJapanasanindebtedcountry.Infact,itis
theworld'sbiggestcreditornation,boasting¥253trillion($3.3trillion)in
netforeignassets.
Tobesure,itsgovernmentisalargedebtor;itsnetdebtasashareof
GDPisoneofthehighestintheOECD.However,thepublicdebthasbeenaccrued
notprimarilythroughwastefulspendingor"bridgestonowhere",butbecauseof
ageing,saystheIMF.Social-securityexpendituredoubledasashareofGDP
between1990and2022年topayrisingpensionsandhealth-carecosts.Overthe
sameperiodtaxrevenueshaveshrunk.
Fallingtaxrevenuesareaproblem.Theflipside,though,isthatJapan
hasthelowesttaxtakeofanycountryintheOECD,atjust17%ofGDP.That
givesitplentyofroomtomanoeuvre.TakatoshiIto,aneconomistatthe
UniversityofTokyo,saysincreasingtheconsumptiontaxby20percentagepoints
fromitscurrent5%—puttingitatthelevelofahigh-taxEuropeancountry—would
raise¥50trillionandimmediatelywipeoutJapan'sfiscaldeficit.
Thatsoundsdraconian.Buthereagain,demographyplaysarole.Officials
saytheelderlyresisthighertaxesorbenefitcuts,andtheyoung,whoareina
minority,donothavethepoliticalpowertopushforwhatisintheirlong-term
interest.DavidWeinstein,professorofJapaneseeconomyatColumbiaUniversity
inNewYork,saystheelderlywouldrathergivemoneytotheirchildrenthanpay
itintaxes.Ultimatelythatmaymeanthatbenefitsmayshrinkinthefuture.
"Ifyouwantbenefitstogrowinlinewithincome,astheyarenow,youneeda
massiveincreaseintaxesofabout10%ofGDP,"hesays.
DemographyhelpsexplainJapan'sstubborndeflation,too,hesays.After
all,fallingpricesgivesavers—mostofwhomareelderly—positiverealyields
evenwhennominalinterestratesareclosetozero.Upuntilnow,holding
governmentbondshasbeenagoodbet.Domesticsaversremainwillingtoroll
themover,whichenablesthegovernmenttofunditsdeficits.Yetthiscomesat
acosttotherestoftheeconomy.
Inshort,Japan'seconomyworksbetterforthosemiddle-agedandolderthan
itdoesfortheyoung.Butitisnotyetincrisis,andeconomistssaythereis
plentyitcoulddotoraiseitspotentialgrowthrate,aswellastolowerits
debtburden.
LastweekendYoshihikoNoda,theprimeminister,tookabraveshotat
promotingreformwhenhesaidJapanplannedtostartconsultationstowards
joiningtheTrans-PacificPartnership.ThisisanAmerican-backedfree-trade
zonethatcouldleadtoaloweringoftariffsonahugeswathofgoodsand
services.Predictablyitiselderlyfarmers,doctorsandsmallbusinessmenwho
aremostagainstit.
Reformstootherareas,suchasthetaxandbenefitsystem,mightbeeasier
ifthegovernmentcouldtelltheJapaneseadifferentstory:
notthattheir
economyismiredinstagnation,butthatitsperformancereflectstheupsand
downsofanageingsociety,andthattheoldaswellastheyoungneedtomake
sacrifices.
Thetroubleisthatthedownbeatnarrativeisdeeplyingrained.Thecurrent
cropofleadingJapanesepoliticians,bureaucratsandbusinessmenarethemselves
wellpastmiddleage.Manythinktheyhavesacrificedenoughsincetheglory
daysofthe1980s,whenJapan'seconomyseemedu
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