文化因素对中英翻译的影响.docx
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文化因素对中英翻译的影响.docx
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文化因素对中英翻译的影响
Introduction
Thetranslationactivityoncewasregardedaswasbetweentwolanguageswitchingprocesses,tothetranslationresearchalsotakethespeechanalysistothetextcomparisonastheprimarymission,butanylanguageisnotonlymakeofcharacters,words,sentences,italwayscontainthislanguagenationality'shistory,thephilosophyart,psychologyandsooneach,thetranslationisnotonlythepurewritingswitchingprocess,italsoinvolvestwoculturalloadstheculture.ThereforetheEnglishtoChinesealltranslationtheory,themethodandtheskillaretheestablishmentintheEnglishtoChinesetwolanguagecontrast,thelanguageandtheculturearealsoinseparable,thishasbeendoomedthetranslationandtheculturalcloserelation.Insomedegreeculturalfactorswillaffectsthelanguage,thereforeChinaandtheWestculturaldifferencewillhavethemajorimpactonthetranslation.Ifwecanprocessauthenticallywillinvolvetheculturefactors,willplaytheverybigpromoteractiontotheculturaltranslationaccuracy.Becauseoftheculturefactorsdifference,itwillcausetheChinaandtheWesttwolanguagesinmanyaspectsdifference.Itnotonlycreatescertainbarriertothelanguagestudy,butalsowillhavetheverytremendousinfluencetotheEnglishtoChinesetranslation.
1Thoughtculturaldifferencetotranslationinfluence
1.1Containstheexpression
Thethinkingmodeisanationalityoracityregiononekindofthoughtinstallingwhichformsinthelong-termhistoricaldevelopment.Intheworldhasthenumerousnationalities,theirthinkingmodeaswellasthethinkingactivityhavethecloserelationlanguageandwriting,withoutdoubthasmanysimilarities,displayshumanity'sgeneralcharacter.But,everynationalityhasitownuniquethinkingmode,moreoverthethinkingmodedifferenceispreciselyoneofconstitutiondifferentculturaltypesubstantialclauses.Forexampleourcountryfamousmovie“Butterflylovers"wasshowedinUSmaketheforeignerstraighttoshakethehead,asksthereasontosay,“That’stootired.18milesseeoff,MissZhuwishestoMr.Liangsuggestedthatlovethatmanyspokenlanguages,whyshedidnotsaydirectly:
“Iloveyou”Thisthingwastooinconceivable!
TheChinesepeopletakecontainsasbeautifully,butthewesterneristheopposite,theydon’tlikebeataroundthebush,theylikegostraighttothepoint.JustliketheforestLindajinisdescribesthiskindofphenomenoninhisbook“theChinesetodiscussthematterlikefromtheinternationaltomulti-homes,fromthehometotheConcreteunit,hasthemattertoaskothersforhelpbeatsaroundthebushfirstmentionsother,thenarrivesatthesubjectexcessivelygradually.”
1.2Integratedandanalytic
Chineseeconomicform,smallscalefarmingbyindividualowners,that’sallcausepeople’sintegratedmodeofthinking.Inunderdevelopedsocialcircumstance,theyrealizedthatharvestcannotdowithoutgoodweather;livingcannotbeseparatedfromnature’scharity.Sothe“integrationoffeelingandsetting”weregraduallyformed.Theyconsiderpeopleandnature,peopleandcosmosindividualandsocietyasaindivisible,correspondingorganicswhole.ThefamousEightTrigramswasthebestexampleofChineseintegratedthoughtpatterns.Whenanalyzetherelationbetweensubjectandobject,humanandnature,spiritandsubstanceexistence,soulandbody,phenomenonandessence,theyputmuchattentionontheintegralbalanceofthings,pursuingthesymmetrywhichwasthoughttocancreatenicevisualeffect,akindofsatisfactoryandstablefeeling
OccidentalanalyticmodeofthinkingisoriginatedinPlaton’stheory‘dichotomyofsubjectandobject’theydistinguishsubjectandobject,humanandnature,etcclearly.Theyassertedthatmakeresearchonthisdualityworldrespectively.
1.3Generalizationandspecification
Chinesemodeifthinkingisintegratedandcollectivewhilewesterners’isindividual.Thisdifferenceshowninlanguageisthat.ThereismoregeneralwordinChinese,morespecificword.Forexample‘说’inEnglishcanbe“splutter,gruntexclaim,announce,scream,shout,whispervolunteer,insist,enthuse,snap,inquire”,whichareconcise,specificandchangeable.WhileChineseoftenaddadverbialsto“说”toexpressthesemeaning,“语无伦次地说,嘟嘟囔囔地说,低声地说,自告奋勇地说,”.Ontranslating“气急败坏地说”,compare“hesaidsomethingquicklyconfusedly,indistinctly”with“hesplutteredoutsomething.”It’sobviousthatthelatteronesoundsmorenativeandconcise.Thatisdifferenceexpressionhabitsinfluencedbydifferentthinkingpatterns.Accordingtothis,weshouldpayattentiontothisandtrytofindmoreexactandspecificwordtosoundmoreconciseandnative.
What’smore,sometimeswecan’tfindanexactEnglishequivalenttoageneral;wordinChinese.Take‘伤’forexample,wecanonlyfindthesespecificword“harm,injure,hurt,damage,spoil,wounddisable”sowhenwefacethiskindofproblem,zeroequivalentofgeneralword,weshouldchangeourintegratedthinkingpatterntoindividualthinkingwayturntousespecificwordtotranslateChinesegeneralwordaccordingtoitscontext.
2Regionpoliticsculturaldifferencetotranslationinfluence
2.1Geographicenvironment
BritainliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.Theprevailingsouthwestwindsorthewestwindsblowoverthecountryalltheyear.Incontrast,ChinaisintheEast-Asiancontinent.
Therefore,ChinesepeopleandEnglishpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingfortheeastwindandthewestwind.TheEnglishpoem“OdetotheWestWind”praisesthewarmwestwind,whichsymbolizeshopeandforce.Inthepoem,P.BShellywrote:
OWILDWestWind,thoubreathofAutumn’sbeing,
Thou,fromwhoseunseenpresencetheleavesdead
Aredriven,likeghostsfromanenchanterfleeing,
Yellow,andblack,andpale,andhecticred,
Pestilence-strickenmultitudes:
Othou,
Whochariotesttotheirdarkwintrybed
However,ChinesepeoplepraisetheeastwindfromthePacificOcean,foritusuallybringsrainandwarmth.Theydislikethewestwindthatisfromthedryandfreezingisland,foritcausescoldanddry.ContrarytoChinesepeople,Englishpeoplehaveapreferenceofwestwindtoeastwind.Forthem,thewestwind,whichcomesfromtheocean,isfairlymildandhumid,sowhatcomeswiththewestwindisaviewofresuscitating,livelinessandprosperity.Similarly,inoneofShakespeare’ssonnets,hewrote“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?
/Thouartlovelyandmoretemperate.”Chinesepeoplemaybeconfusedbythecomparison,becauseinChinese,summer“夏天”isoftenrelatedtohotness.MostChinesepeopledon’tliketheseasonsummer.ButinBritain,summerisawarmandpleasantseason,whichisrelatedtoloveandwarmness,sotheycomparesummertolovers.
IntheBritishChinesehasmanyreflectsitsgeographicalenvironmentcharacteristicthephrase.Britainisanislandcountry,theseafaringandthefisheryholdstheimportantstatusintheBritisheconomiclife.Fromthis,producedmassivewithhasnavigatedandcatchesfishtherelatedphrase;Forexample,spendmoneylikethewateranalogyspendsthewaste,wasteful;gobytheboardexpressedthat“(arrangement)fails,(plan)isdefeated”;burnone'stheboatsanalogy“crossestherubicund,frombreakstheescaperoute”;allatseaexpressed“feelshelpless”meaning;likeafishoutofthewateranalogy“occupiesinthestrangeenvironmentnottobecomfortable”andsoon.ButChinaisthelandcountry,isahistoricalgloriousagriculturecountry,andhasmanywiththisrelatedphrase.Like“thetimewilltakecareofthematter”,“stampsoutthesourceoftrouble”,“asamanSowetososhallhereap,youreapwhatyousow”andsoon..
2.2politics
Theculturaldifferencecausesturnofexpressiondifferentness,onceappearsinthesensitivecase,especiallyinthepoliticalincident,hadthepossibilitytocausethebeginningthetroublewhichwasinferiorto,atthebeginningof1980,UnitedNationsSecretaryGeneralWaerdehaimuflewtoTeherantoassisttosolvethehostageproblem,atthattime,theIranianBroadcastingstationbroadcasthimtosayintheairportpublicationspeech;“Icomeheretoseekforsomekindofcompromisebymediatorstatus”ButthisspeechcausesmanyIranian'srepugnanceeventodemonstrate.BecauseintheIranianculture,’mediator’ishumanwhopriesdoesnotrefertothemeddlerwhoinvites,therefore,fromsuchreporttheIranianfeltthatisblasphemedtotheirsnationalsentiments,throwsthestonetosecretarygeneraltobealsonothingunusual.Sothistoneedusthetranslatortosinkintothelanguagemerelydefinitelytotheinformationtransformationitself,butmusthavethethoroughunderstandingtotheculturalcontext.
3Valueculturaldifferencetotranslationinfluence
3.1IndividualismandCollectivism
Individualismreferstothedoctrinethattherightsoftheindividualarethemostimportantonesinasociety.Mostwesternersbelievethateachpersonhashisownseparateidentityandpersonality,whichshouldberecognizedandreinforced.Therefore,onecannotcomprehensivewesternanditspeoplewithoutunderstandingindividualism.Onlywiththecognitionofindividualismcanweunderstandhowwesternersconceptualizefamily,friendships,andprivacy.Thecoreofindividualismisthepursuitofpersonalandachievements.Itishighlyvalued,earnestlybelievesandwellappreciatedasafundamentalsocialvirtue.InChristianitytraditions,individualsareimportantnotonlytoeachother,butalsotothesocietyandGod.Individualismhasbeenhandeddownfromtheirancestors.Therefore,towesterners,individualismisnotselfishnessbutrathervirtue.Theyemphasizeindividualismsomuchthattheybelievetha
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