影响英语听力各种因素的分析分析解析.docx
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影响英语听力各种因素的分析分析解析.docx
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影响英语听力各种因素的分析分析解析
Introduction
ListeningandspeakingaretwoimportantpartsofEnglishstudy.Theylinktoeachotherinseparably,however,listeningismorechallengingthanspeaking.Whenwespeak,wecanchooseappropriatewords,sentencestructuresandspeedofspeaking.Butwecannotrequestthespeakertoadjusthimselftoourspeed.Listeningisthebasicpartofcommunicationandthefirststepofthelanguagestudy,solisteningplayamainroleinlanguageskills.
WiththespreadofcommunicativeteachingmethodandreformofCollegeEnglishTest,peoplepaymoreattentiontolisteningcomprehensionandrequestschooltostrengthentheteachingofEnglishlistening.However,itisdifficulttoimprovelisteningskillsoonbecausetherearemanyfactorsaffectinglisteningcomprehension.
1.TheImportanceofListening
Listening,asapartofcommunicationinhumansociety,playsamorecrucialroleintoday’sworldwhichisexperiencinginformationrevolutionandglobalization.ItisaswellasignificantelementofimprovingEnglishskill,takesanimportantpositioninEnglishstudy.Asabeginner,youmustimproveyourlisteninglevelassoonaspossibletomasteralanguageindeed.Listeningcorrectlycanleadtothefluencyofreadingandspeaking.Foranylanguage,voiceisinthefirstplace,spokenlanguagecouldrepresentthecommunicationfunctionalityoflanguage.Duringthecourseofcommunicate,bywayoftongue,rhythmandstressetc,bothsidescanexchangeideasbetter.Oneoftheimportantdestinationsofstudyinglanguageisthatyoucancommunicatewiththepersonlivingwith,andbothlevelsoflisteningandmethodofhowtolistenaredirectlyconcernedwiththedegreeofmastership.AccordingtooneAmericaninvestigation,whenhumanbeingisinhiswakingstatus,hespends70%timetovariedsocialactivities,amongthemwritingtakes11%,readingtakes15%,speakingtakes32%,butlisteningtakes42%atleast.1Thus,improvingEnglishlisteningisoneofthekeystonesofmasteringthislanguage.Nevertheless,indailystudy,becauseweareneitherabletocontrolthespeed,clearnessofthelisteningmaterialnorcanweunderstandthecharacteristicsofthespeaker;it’sconsiderablyhardtocomprehendthemeaningofthematerialinalimitedamountoftime.
Generallyspeaking,therearemanyobstaclesinEnglishlistening,suchasnewwords,complexsentencestructures,acquaintancewiththecontent,thespeedofthespeaker,thedisturbingvoiceinthebackgroundandthechangeoftoneetc.It’snotonlyduetothelanguageitself,butisalsobecauseofthecultureunderstandings,logicalthinking,andlisteningskill,etcandmanyotherfactors.Understandingthesefactorscanhelpstudentsovercometheseobstacles,which,inturn,isanessentialpartforEnglishlearnerstoimproveEnglishlistening.
2.FactorsAffectingListenComprehension
2.1InfluenceofPronunciation
Asalanguage,Englishmustbepronounced.Themostradicalmaterialappearanceissoundandtone.Ifthestudentdoesnothaveenoughknowledgeofsound,theabilityofdistinguishingsoundwillbeworse,thendirectlyinfluencetheabilityofunderstanding.Pronunciationisthemostbasicelement.Thecorrectnessoflearners’pronunciationdirectlyaffectstheeffectivenessofefficiencyoflearner’slistening.Speakingofthisaspect,peoplefromurbananddevelopedareasarebetterthanthosefromruralorundevelopedareas.ThisisbecausedevelopedcitieshaveadvantagesonMandarinspeakingandlanguagestudyingenvironmentsandpeopleusuallypaymoreattentiontoit.Besidesthis,weoughttorealizetheinfluenceofdistractiveaccenttopronunciation.Thisfactorreducesthequalityofpronunciation,misleadslearners’study.OnedistinctcharacteristicofspokenEnglishisinformality.Forexample,wealwayssay“we’ll,there’s”ratherthan“weshall”or“thereis”.Whenpeoplemeeteachother,theyalwayssay“Hi!
”or“Morning!
”,“Howdoyoudo”isonlyusedinformalsituation.Otherwise,wehopeotherswillspeakEnglishwordonebyonewhenwestudyit.ButthecharacteristicofspokenEnglishisthatwecouldn’tspeakseparatelybetweenthemeaningsofasentence.Meanwhile,suchasconcatenation,inexplosive,unstressetccouldmakedifficultyforlistening.Whenyouunderstandthese,youjustprepareforlistening.
Theincorrectpronunciationofsometeacherdirectlyinfluencesthesimulationofthestudent,whichwillcausethefollowingproblems:
、Couldn’tdistinguishsimilarfactorsbetweenwords,suchas/f/&/v/,/s/&/z/,/e/&//etc;
、Notacquaintwithstressandunstress,suchas“and”shouldbepronouncedas/nd/,butitalwaysunstressedas/nd/,/n/or/n/,inandout/inndaut/,blackandwhite/blnwait/,breadandbutter/brednbt/etc;
、Notadapttoconcatenation,forexamplethinkofit/ikvit/,putiton/putitn/,firstofall/f:
stv:
l/etc;
、Couldn’tdistinguishthestressinwordandsentence,thedifferentpositionofstresscausesdifferentmeaning,ordifferentcharacter,differentemphasis,differenttoneetc.suchas“content”,whenitisreadas/kntent/,itisanoun,but/kntent/,itisaadjectiveorverb;
、Notacquaintwithassimilationandsimplification.Suchasassimilation“Didyoulikeit?
/didulaikit/,I’mgladtomeetyou/aimgldtmi:
tu/”andsimplification“you’re/j:
r/,don’t/dunt/,we’re/wi/”etc;
、Couldn’tdistinguishthepronunciationbetweenAmericanandBritish.Forexample,class,inBritish,it’s/kla:
s/,inAmericait’s/kls/;newsBrishercallit/nju:
z/,bycontrast,Americancallit/nu:
z/.Sometimestheydifferfromthestress,detail,inBritish,it’sdetail,inAmerica,it’sdetail。
Address,Britishcallsaddress,Americancallsaddress.
Therefore,duetothebasicandcrucialrolepronunciationplaysinEnglishlistening,weshouldfocusmoreonpronunciationandemphasizeitsimportance.Teachersshouldalsoimprovetheirpronunciationsothattheycangivestudentscorrectinstructions.Theyshouldalsofullyuseelectricaldevicesinclasstoimprovestudents’listeningabilityinordertomakethemovercomeobstacles.
2.2InfluenceofVocabulary
Notonlyhastheimprovinglisteningskillreliedontheimprovementofpronunciation,butalsoonasolidbasicknowledge.Abadlisteningskillcanusuallybeattributedtothelackoffundamentalknowledge,especiallyvocabularyandgrammar.Ifthevocabularyistoosmall,thenthenewwordsinlisteningmaterialswillcertainlycausedifficulties.Sometimessomekindofwords,suchaspreposition,adverb,article,auxiliarywordetc.Theyalwaysareunstressed,slipawaylightlyandquickly,makingmorepracticecangetthesewords.Manywordsarestructuredwiththeprefixorsuffix,ifyoucouldn’trecognizethem,thenthatwillincreaseyourvocabularyorevenworse,taketheoppositemeaning.Forexample,antidepressant,weallknowtheword“depress”,ifwemisstheprefixof“depress”,thenwecan’tgetthemeaning.Anotherexample,weallunderstandtheword“illegal”,ifwehearitas“legal”,thenthemeaningistotallydifferent.ThedifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanwillalsoinfluencethecomprehensionofEnglish,theyusedifferentwordstoexpressthesamemeaning,orusesamewordstoexpressdifferentmeaning.Suchas“lift”and“elevator”areofthesamemeaning,“pavement”and“sidewalk”alsoarethesame.“firstfloor”and“publicschool”inBritishandAmericanhavedifferentmeanings.Ifwearenotacquaintedwiththedifference,thenabsolutelyitwillmakeinfluencetoourlistening.Theinfluencedoessameasthevocabularytakingtoreadingandwriting.Skilldevelopmentshouldstartwithasolidfoundation.Therefore,buildingvocabularyshouldbeemphasizedindailystudy,andagoodwayformemorizationshouldbeintroducedandputintopractice.Recordandstudythewordsthatareinlisteningmaterials.
Inlistening,manysentencesarecompositesentence,ifyoucan’tdistinguishthemainclauseandsubordinateclause,anddon’tknowtherelationshipbetweenthem,theneventhoughyoucanunderstandeverywordofthesentence,youmaymisunderstandthemeaningofthewholesentence.Someexpertpointsout:
"Listeningistheactivityofpayingattentiontoandtryingtogetmeaningfromsomethingwehear.Tolistensuccessfullytospokenlanguage,weneedtobeabletoworkoutwhatspeakersmeanwhentheyuseparticularwordsinparticularwaysonparticularoccasionsandnotsimplytounderstandthewordsthemselves."2Accordingtothis,duringthedailylife,listenersnotonlygeteachword,butalsocatchthecontentofthespeakerinvariedoccasion,andrespondintimetomakethesocialactivitygosmoothly.Moreover,weusedtoanalyzethegrammarquicklyinmind,thisneedstobeaccomplishedinashortperiod.Listeneralwaysisconfusedbytherelationshipinsidethesentenceorbetweensentences,theydon’tknowonearthwhat’stherelationshipbetweenthem.Thatmeanstheinsufficientknowledgeofgrammaralsoreducestheleveloflistening.
Therefore,weshouldenlargeourvocabularyeveryday,graspcorrectmethodtohelpusmemorizetheword,suchasclassifiedmnemonicmethod.Weshouldalsoexplainanddescribethenewwordandoldwordinpracticingourlistening.Otherwise,weshouldlearnsomeskillsonhowtopickoutthemainwordsandkeywords.Somedocumentsindicatethatmechanismoflisteningunderstandinghastwoparts,oneisinstantreact,theotherisdelayedconsequence.Thespeedoftheformerisrelatedtothenumberofmemorizedinformationandthelanguagepractice;thespeedofthelatterisrelatedtothelogicthinkingandsentenceatmosphererecognition.Itisobviousthatthelargerinthelistener’smemorizedinformation,thestrongerofthelistener’slogicthinki
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- 影响 英语听力 各种 因素 分析 解析