大学生综合英语第四册-课后练习答案.doc

大学生综合英语第四册-课后练习答案.doc

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《全新版大学英语综合教程》（第二版）第四册Unit1-4课后练习答案  

Unit1  

PartI ListeningTask

Scriptfortherecording:

 TheseverityofRussianwinterisoftenlinkedwithRussianmilitaryvictories.IntheGreatNorthernWar,CharlesXIIofSwedeninvadedtheRussiaofPetertheGreat.TheRussiansretreated,adoptingascorched-earthpolicy.Thisparticularwinterhappenedtobethemostbrutalwinterofthe18thcentury,soseverethatthesaltwaterportofVenicefroze.Charles'35,000troopswerecrippled,andonly19,000wereleftafterthatwinter. 

In1812,Napoleon'sarmyof610,000meninvadedRussia,headingtowardsMoscow.TheRussianarmyretreatedbeforetheFrenchandagainburnttheircropsandvillages,denyingtheenemytheiruse.Napoleon'sarmywasultimatelyreducedto100,000.Hisarmysufferedfurther,evenmoredisastrouslossesontheretreatfromMoscow.AccordingtoanAmericanmilitarystudy,themainbodyofNapoleon'sarmy,initiallyatleast378,000strong,"diminishedbyhalfduringthefirsteightweeksofhisinvasion,beforethemajorbattleofthecampaign. 

 TheargumentoftheRussianwintermaybemythologized.Failedinvaderslikedtoexaggeratethesignificanceofweatherconditionsintheirfailures.Accordingtothemeteorologicalrecords,the1812-1813winterwasmilderthanusual.

 DuringWWIItheonlycoldwinterwasin1941-1942,andtheGermanarmylackednecessarysupplies,suchaswinteruniforms,duetothemanydelaysinitsmovements.HitlerwassoconfidentofaquickvictorythathedidnotprepareforeventhepossibilityofwinterwarfareinRussia.Hewastooconfidentinhis"lightningwar"strategy.Yethiseasternarmysufferedmorethan734,000casualtiesduringthefirstfivemonthsoftheinvasion,andon27November1941,GeneralEduardWagnerreportedthat"Weareattheendofourresourcesinbothpersonnelandmateriel.Weareabouttobeconfrontedwiththedangersofdeepwinter."

AfterListening

1. link

2. burnttheircropsandvillages 

3. exaggeratethesignificance 

4. attheendoftheirresources 

PartII Readingtask

Comprehension

Possibleanswerstocontentquestions

 1. Itreferstotheraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.

 2. HeexpectedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks.

 3. Insteadoffighting,theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheylettheRussianwinterfightthewarforthemwhiletheybidedtheirtime.  

 4. NapoleondiscoveredthattheoccupationofthecitywasanemptyvictorybecausetheRussiansfledtheircapitalleavinghimalmostnothingatall.

 5. TheysufferedheavylossesasaresultoftheextremecoldandtheRussians'hit-and-runattacks.

 6. Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile. 

 7. HitlerbeganhisinvasionoftheSovietUniononJune22,1941withoutadeclarationofwar.Heexpectedthecampaigntolastnolongerthanthreemonthsbyusingtheso-called"lightningwar"tactics.

 8. No,hewasn't.HeinstructedtheRussianpeopleto"scorchtheearth"infrontoftheGermaninvaders.

 9. ThepeopleofLeningradrefusedtosurrenderandputupaheroic,stiffresistance.

 10. Anearly,severe,coldwinter,toalargeextent,sloweddowntheGermanadvanceonMoscow.

 11. ThelossofthebattleforStalingradturnedthetideagainstHitler.TheGermanvictorieswereover.

 12. Theauthorconcludesthattheelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.

Text Organization

1.

Parts   Paragraphs                      MainIdeas

PartOne  Paras1-2   Introduction—BothNapoleon'sandHitler'smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.

PartTwo   Paras3-11   Napoleon'smilitarycampaignagainstRussia

PartThree Paras12-20  Hitler'smilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion.

PartFour  Para21     Conclusion—Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.

2.

Sections     Paragraphs          MainIdeas

SectionOne  Paras12-13  Hitler'sblitzkriegagainstRussiaandStalin'sscorched-earthpolicy.

SectionTwo  Paras14-18 ThebattlesfoughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingrad.

SectionThree Paras19-20   TheRussiancounter-offensiveandtheoutcomeofthewar.

LanguageSenseEnhancement

1.

1）thefierceresistance            2）thelongmarch   

3）thedevastatingenemy          4）bleak  

5）launched                     6）militarymight   

7）moweddown                 8）campaign  

9）apainfullesson               10）theaid

Vocabulary

I. 

1.

1）alliance              2）atthecostof   

3）stroke               4）limp

5）minus               6）regions        

7）declarations          8）siege

9）raw                10）bidehistime          

11）havetakentheirtoll  12）inthecaseof

2.

1）isfacedwith               2）getboggeddown 

3）ispressingon/pressedon     4）dragon

5）getby