届二轮复习阅读理解训练42.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解训练42.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解训练42
阅读理解训练(42)
Passage1
Lighttravelsataspeedwhichisaboutamilliontimesfasterthanthespeedofsound.Inonesecond,lighttravelsabout300,000km,butsoundtravelsonly0.334km.Youcangetsomeideaofthisdifferencebywatchingthestartofarace.Ifyoustandsomedistanceawayfromthestarter,youcanseesmokecomefromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyourears.
Thisgreatspeedoflightproducessomestrangefacts.Sunlighttakesabout8minutestoreachus.Ifyoulookatthelightofthemoontonight,rememberthatthelightraysleftthemoon1.3secondsbeforetheyreachedyou.Theneareststarissofarawaythatthelightwhichyoucanseefromittonightstartedtotraveltowardsyoufouryearsagoataspeedofnearly2millionkmperminute.Insomecases,thelightfromoneoftonight’sstarsstartedonitsjourneytoyoubeforeyouwereborn.
Thus,ifwewanttobehonest,wecannotsay,“Thestarsareshiningtonight.”Wehavetosay,“Thestarslookpretty.TheywereshiningfouryearsagobuttheirlighthasonlyjustreachedEarth.”
1.Lightspeedis_____thansoundspeed.
A.millionstimesfasterB.amilliontimesslower
C.aboutmillionsoftimesfasterD.aboutamilliontimesfaster
2.Ifyoustand200metersawayfromamanwhoisfiringaguntostartarace,youwillfindoutthat___
A.youcanhearthegunbeforeyouseethesmoke
B.sounddoesnottravelasfastaslight
C.thesoundofthegunwillreachyoubeforethemanfireshisgun
D.soundtravelsaboutamilliontimesfasterthanlight
3.Thelightoftheneareststaryouseetonighthasbeen____foryears.
A.ontheearthB.onthemoonC.awayfromthesunD.awayfromthestar
答案DBD
Passage2
Manyofthemostdamagingtypesofweatherbeginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallareaswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.Sucheventasatornado(龙卷风)struckthenortheasternpartofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadowentbeyond$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.
Traditionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshort-livedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullytheslightatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatplacesseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,traditionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeareasthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.
Untilrecently,theobservationintensivemethodneededforexact,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts,”wasnotpossible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesconcernedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtheweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.
Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radar(雷达)systemsandsatellitesareallabletomakedetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeareasatalowercost.Communicationssatellitescansendoutdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandimmediately,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycollectandanalyzethislargeamountofweatherinformation.
Meteorologists(气象学者)andcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentabletochangeweatherdataintowordsandgraphicdisplays(图解)thatforecasterscanunderstandeasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,nowcastingisbecomingareality.
4.Whycan’ttraditionalcomputermodelspredictshort-livedlocalstorms?
A.Theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong.
B.Detailedweatherdatainsomesmallareasarenotavailable.
C.Thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictthem.
D.Thecomputersarenotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents.
5.Theword“Nowcast”inParagraph3means________.
A.anetworktocollectstormdataB.awayofcollectingweatherdata
C.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation
D.aforecastwhichcanpredictweatherinthesmallarea
6.Whatcanmake“Nowcasts”arealityaccordingtothepassage?
A.Scientificandtechnologicaladvances.B.Advancedcomputerprograms.
C.Computerscientists.D.Meteorologists.
7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?
A.Theadvantagesof“Nowcasts”.B.AtornadoinEdmonton,AlbertA.
C.Thedifficultyinpredictingtornado.D.Agreatdevelopmentinweatherforecast.
答案BDAD
Passage3
Aroundtheageof40,honestpeoplemayalreadyadmittonoticingchangesintheirmentalabilities.Thisisthebeginningofagradualdeclinethatinalltoomanyofuswillendwithfull-blowndementia(痴呆).
However,afewdrugsthatmightdothejob,knownas“cognitiveenhancement(认知增强)”,arealreadyonthemarket,andafewdozenothersareontheway.Perhapsthebest-knownismodafinil.Licensedtotreatnarcolepsy(嗜眠症),theconditionthatcausespeopletosuddenlyfallasleep,ithasnotableeffectsinhealthypeopletoo.Modafinilcankeepapersonawakeandhisorherattentionfixedfor90hoursstraight,withnoneofanxiety,nervousnessandbadconcentration.Infact,withthehelpofmodafinil,peoplewhocanhardlygotosleepcanperformevenbetterthantheirwell-rested,un-medicated(未服药的)selves.
It’sanopensecretthatmany,perhapsmost,prescriptionsformodafinilarewrittennotforpeoplewhosufferfromnarcolepsy,butforthosewhosimplywanttostayawake.Similarly,manypeopleareusingRitalinnotbecausetheysufferfromattentionproblemoranyotherdisorder,butbecausetheywantsuperiorconcentrationduringexamsorheavy-dutyactivities.
Somedrugshavealsobeenspeciallydesignedtoimprovememory.Manyoftheseseemtowork,andwithoutanymajorsideeffects.Sowhyaren’twealloncognitiveenhancersalready?
“Weneedtobecarefulwhatwewishfor,”saysDanielePiomelliattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Repairingandimprovingmemorymayhaveunwantedeffects,hewarns.“Eventuallywemayenduprememberingthingswedon’twantto.”
8.Accordingtothemessage,wecanlearnthatoriginallymodafinilisadrugdesignedfor_____.
A.forbothhealthyandunhealthypeopleB.thetreatmentofdementia
C.peoplewhocanhardlygotosleepD.thosesufferingfromfallingasleepsuddenly
9.Thepassagemainlytalksabout_____.
A.dementia—athreattotheoldpeopleB.modafinil—anicedrugfordementia
C.relevantdrugstoabetterbrainD.cognitiveenhancement
10.Theunderlinedsentencesinparagraphtwowantstotellusthat_____.
A.withoutmodafinilpeoplesufferingfromsleepproblemscannotrestwell
B.peoplelackingsleepcanworkbetterthantheyareinahealthystateiftakingmodafinil
C.modafinilhasgreatereffectsonhealthypeopleiftheytakeit
D.withmodafinilpeoplesufferingfromnarcolepsycanfallasleepeasily
11.What’sthewriter’sattitudetothedrugsmentionedinthepassage?
A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Objective.D.Doubtful.
答案DCBC
Passage4
Themoretelevisionthatathree-year-oldwatches,themorelikelyheorsheistobehaveaggressively,accordingtoaU.S.study.
JusthavingtheTVoninthebackground,evenifthechildwasn’twatchingit,wasalsolinkedtoaggressivebehavioralthoughtherelationshipwasn’tasstrong,saidtheresearchers.
“ParentsshouldbesmartaboutTVuse,”researcherJenniferManganellofromtheUniversityatAlbany,StateUniversityofNewYork,toldReutersHealth.“TheyshouldlimitthetimethatchildrenuseTV,payattentiontothecontentofTVprograms,andconsiderhowTVisusedthroughoutthehome.”
Thestudylookedat3,128womenfrom20U.S.citieswhohadachildbetween1998and2000.Whiletherewassomediversityofeducationamongthestudyparticipants,one-thirdhadn’tgraduatedfromhighschool.
Two-thirdsofthemotherssaidtheirthree-year-oldwatchedmorethantwohoursofTVaday,andtheaverageviewingtimeforchildrenwasaroundthreehours.Onaverage,theTVwasonforaboutfiveadditionalhoursonatypicalday.
Afteraccountingforfactorsknowntobeassociatedwithaggressivebehavior,suchaslivinginaviolentneighborhoodorhavingamotherwhosuffersfromdepression,TVwatchingandhouseholdTVtimewerebothstillsignificantlyassociatedwithaggressivebehavior,suchashittingothers,havingangrymoods,beingdisobedient,andscreamingalot.
TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(小儿科)recommendsnoTVatallforchildrentwoandyounger,andtwohoursadayorlessforolderkids,leadresearcherJenniferManganelloandherteamfromtheTulaneUniversitySchoolofPublicHealthnotedintheirreport.
12.AccordingtoJennifer,parentsshoulddothefollowingEXCEPT__________.
A.limitthetimethatchildrenuseTV
B.neverallowthechildrentowatchTV
C.payattentiontothecontentofTVprograms
D.considerhowTVisusedthroughoutthehome
13.Amongthestudyparticipantsabout_________hadn’tgraduatedfromhighschool.
A.1040B.2080C.1430D.2800
14.Theunderlinedword“diversity”inthefourthparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.
A.majorityB.policyC.varietyD.popularity
15.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatparents____________.
A.arerecommendedtosufferfromdepression
B.areencouragedtoliveinaviolentneighborhood
C.aresupposedtoteachtheirkidstohitotherkids
D.areadvisedtospendmoretimewiththeirkids
16.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.WatchingTVmakeskids’lifecolorful
B.TVexposurelikelyto
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- 二轮 复习 阅读 理解 训练 42