高考英语 阅读理解 培优 易错 难题练习含答案含详细答案.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解 培优 易错 难题练习含答案含详细答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解培优易错难题练习含答案含详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Ifyou'reafanofsmarttechnology,youmayhavehadsomesleeplessnightslately.That'sbecauseAlexa,theartificialintelligence(AI)behindUScompanyAmazon'sEchosmartspeakers,hasbeen"lettingoutanunprompted(自发的),creepy(令人毛骨悚然的)cacklefornoapparentreason,accordingtoBBCNews.
ManysocialmediauserssharedtheirstoriesofAlexascaringthemwiththeseeminglyunpromptedlaugh.
"EverytimeAlexalaughs,anangeldies,"TeslaandSpaceXfounderElonMuskjokedonsocialmedia.
OnMarch7,Amazonreleasedanupdatethatfixedtheproblem,sayingthatthelaughwascausedbyEchodevicesmistakenlythinkingthatusershadsaidthecommand"Alexa,laugh".
However,whatshouldhavebeenafunnystoryraisedtheongoingtopicofmanversusmachine.
Withtheriseofartificialandrobotictechnology,"Digitalmachinesstartedtodemonstratebroadabilitiesinpatternrecognition,complexcommunication,andotherareathatusedtobeparticularlyhuman,"wroteErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeintheirbookTheSecondMachineAge:
Work,Progress,andProsperityinaTimeofBrilliantTechnologies.TheybelievethatAIwill"domoreandmore,andourliveswillgetbetter".
However,eversincetheearliestdaysofAItherehavebeenconcernsthatsomeday,softwarewilltakeovertheworld,leavingthefateofhumansunknown.
"Withartificialintelligenceweareorderthedemon(魔鬼)MusktoldstudentsduringameetingatMITin2014."IfIhadtoguessatwhatourbiggestexistentialthreatis,it'sprobablythat.Soweneedtobeverycareful
Manyscientistshavesharedthesameconcern.ThelateBritishphysicistStephenHawkingsaidatatechnologyconferenceinPortugalinNovemberthat"computerscan.intheory,imitatehumanintelligence,andexceedit•••AIcouldbetheworsteventinthehistoryofourcivilization."
IfcreatorsaretosafelycontrolALhowever,Hawkingsuggestedthatthey"employbestpracticeandeffectivemanagement".
IamanoptimistandIbelievethatwecancreateAIforthegoodoftheworld,"hesaidattheconference."Wesimplyneedtobeawareofthedangers,identifythem,employthebestpossiblepracticeandmanagement,andprepareforitsconsequenceswellinadvance."
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cackle"inParagraph1probablymean?
A.movement
B.laughter
C.scream
D.story
(2)ThestoryofAlexaisintendedto .
A.leadintothediscussionabouthumansandAI
B.proveartificialintelligencehasitsweaknesses
C.informreadersofthedevelopmentofAI
D.showhowAlexa'sproblemwasfixed
(3)AccordingtoBrynjolfssonandMcAfee,whichstatementbelowisprobablyTRUE?
A.ThedevelopmentofAIcouldthreatenoursurvivaloneday.
B.Digitalmachineshavecompleteabilitytorecognizesomethingwithoutmistakes.
C.Robotswillnevermatchhumansincomplexcommunication.
D.Humansliveswillbegreatlyimprovedwiththehelpofrobots.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.ManVS.Machine
B.TimetoControlRiseofAI
C.CreepyAI
D.AI:
TheBiggestThreat
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点,提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。
(1)考查猜测词义。
根据第二段中的"ManysocialmediauserssharedtheirstoriesofAlexascaringthemwiththeseeminglyunpromptedlaugh."可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。
此句中的"laugh"与文章第一段中的划线词"cackle"意义一样,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情,再根据第五段中的"However,whatshouldhavebeenafunnystoryraisedtheongoingtopicofmanversusmachine."这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的"TheybelievethatAIwill"domoreandmore,andourliveswillgetbetter"."可知Brynjolfsson和McAfee认为现在的人工智能机器展示出了多种能力,这些能力会让我们的生活变得更好。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文是一篇议论文,主要介绍了人们对于人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点。
在最后一段中作者引用了霍金的话,告诉我们要意识到人工智能的危险,要做好充分的准备。
B项符合文章中心思想。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
AfewyearsbackIworkedinauniversitybuildingthatalsohousedadepartmentfullofpsychologists,allofwhomseemedtoseeusasperfectguineapigs(豚鼠)fortheirlatesttheories.Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask"Why?
"beforegrabbingtheapplepie.
Sooneday,whensomeonefromthePsychologyDepartmentpostedinstructionsinthebathroompersuadingallofusto"Thinkaboutfivethingsforwhichyou'regratefuleverydayforaweek!
"myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.
IwanderedintotheofficeofHeidiZetzer,thedirectorofourschool'sPsychologicalServicesClinic."What'swiththegratitudething?
"Iasked.Youdon'taskanacademicquestion-evenasimpleoneunlessyou'repreparedforalonganswer.Heidicamealive,andIsatdown.That'swhenIfirstheardtheterm"positivepsychology".Thegratitudething,asIhadcalledit,wasbutonesmallandsimpleelementofthepractice."Kindofliketrainingthebraintofocusonjoy,"myfriendHeidiexplained."It'sonlyaweek,"sheurged."Tryit."Idid.Andguesswhat?
Itworked.
Everydayforaweek,IfoundfivedistinctthingsforwhichIwasthankful.Theyhadtobedifferenteveryday.Icouldn'tgetawaywithjustbeinggratefulformywonderfulhusband.ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.
Lifewillneverbeperfect.Istillseenewstoriesthatannoyme.Thetrafficinmycityismaddening.IwishIcouldspeedupmyrecovery.Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.
Andallittookwasalittlegratitude.
(1)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthestudentwithdesserts?
A. Cautious.
B. Respectful.
C. Indifferent.
D. Supportive.
(2)Whywastheauthordoubtfulabouttheinstructions?
A. Becauseshethoughtitwasn'tworththeeffort.
B. Becauseshedidn'tlikeexpressingthanksoften.
C. Becausesheneededtoaskherfriendtodoitfirst.
D. Becauseshecoulddofivethingseverydayeasily.
(3)WhatdoesCollieConoleysuggesttheauthorshoulddo?
A. Begratefultoherwonderfulhusband.
B. Bethankfulforthingsbutnotpeople.
C. Beagreatcookandputherfamilyfirst.
D. Bespecificaboutwhatshe'sthankfulfor.
(4)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. Don'tBeBotheredbySmallThings
B. WeCanChangeEverythingIfWeWant
C. PracticingGratitudeChangedMyLife
D. BeingGratefultoOneGoodPerson
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,在一个星期的时间里,作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情,而且每天都有所不同。
生活永远不会完美。
但通过这么一个简单的练习,作者重新发现了那句老话的平和:
接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。
这只需要一点感激之情。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask‘Why?
’beforegrabbingtheapplepie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室,让我挑选一种,在抓苹果派之前,我会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?
”可知,作者在抓苹果派之前,会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?
”。
可知,作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。
我算了算。
连续7天每天做5件事,甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有,那就太费脑力了。
可推知,作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑,认为太费脑力、不值得去做。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道,我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。
他是个很棒的厨师。
他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。
可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。
由此可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.”但通过一个简单的练习,我重新发现了那句老话的平和:
接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别)可知,练习表达感激,改变了作者的观念和生活。
由此可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇人生感悟类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。
并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Itstartedduringayogaclass.Shefeltastrangepullonherneck,afeelingcompletelyforeigntoher.Herfriendsuggestedsherushtotheemergencyroom.Itturnedoutthatshewashavingaheartattack.
Shedidn'tsharesimilarsymptomswithsomeonewhowaslikelytohaveaheartattack.Sheexercised,watchedherplateanddidnotsmoke.Butonreviewinghermedicalhistory,Ifoundthathercholesterol(胆固醇)levelwassky-high.Shehadbeenprescribedacholesterol-loweringstatin(他汀)medication,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstatinsontheInternet.Shewasthevictimoffakemedicalnews.
Whilemisinformationhasbeentheobjectofgreatattentioninpolitics,medicalmisinformationmightleadtoanincreaseindeaths.Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.
Falsemedicalinformationcanalsoleadtopatientsexperiencinggreatersideeffectsthroughthe"noceboeffect(反安慰剂效应)".Sometimespatientsbenefitfromanintervention(干预)simplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that'stheplaceboeffect(安慰剂效应).Thenoceboeffectistheopposite.Patientscanexperienceharmfuleffectsbecausetheyanticipatethem.Thisisverytrueofstatins.Inblindedtrials,patientswhogetstatinsarenomorelikely
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