stepbystep30001第一册unit112答案及原文.docx
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stepbystep30001第一册unit112答案及原文.docx
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stepbystep30001第一册unit112答案及原文
Unit12
Itemone
Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysoflearning.Wecallthisyour“learningstyle”,andit’sbasedonyoursenses.Tolearn,youneedtouseyourdifferentsenses–hearing,seeing,touching,etc.,tobringinformationtoyourbrain.Now,mostpeopleuseoneoftheirsensesmorethantheothers.
Somepeoplelearnbestbylistening.Theyarecalledhearinglearners.Andotherslearnbestbyreadingorlookingatpictures.Theyarecalledvisuallearners.Andsomelearnbestbytouchinganddoingthings.Theyarecalledtactilelearners.Nowscientistsdon’tknowwhypeopleuseonesensemorethantheothers.Maybethesensetheyusemostjustworksbestforthem.
Itemtwo
Today,wetellaboutoneofthemostfamousnationalparksintheUnitedStates.Itisoneofthemostbeautifulplacesinthecountry.YosemiteNationalParkisaplaceofextremes.Ithashighmountains.Ithasvalleysformedbyancienticethatcutdeepintotheearthmillionsofyearsago.Waterfromhighinthemountainsfallsinmanyplacestothegreenvalleyfarbelow.TherearethirteenbeautifulwaterfallsinYosemiteValley.Oneofthesewaterfalls,YosemiteFalls,isthefifthhighestonEarth.Yosemitehasabeautifulslow-movingriverandlargegrassyareaswhereyoucanseewildanimals.
Itemthree
America’snationalroadsystemmakesitpossibletodrivecoasttocoast.FromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewestisadistanceofmorethan4,000kilometers.OryoucoulddrivemorethantwothousandkilometersandgofromtheCanadianbordersouthtotheMexicanborder.Thehighwaysystemhasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoworkinacityandliveoutsideit.Andithasmadeitpossibleforpeopletotraveleasilyandquicklyfromonepartofthecountrytoanother.
Itemfour
Thewayyoulookatsomeoneconveysimportantculturalmessages.Withoutyourevenknowingit,yourgazespeaksvolumes.“Theeyesarethewindowofthesoul,”accordingtotheoldsayings.Staringisacceptableinsomeculturesbutnotinothers.Awinkcanmeanacomplimentoraninsult,dependingonthecultures.Adirectgazecanbeasignofhonestyoranindicationofdisrespectandrudeness,accordingtotheculturethatsurroundsthegazer.Thewayapersongazesthusexpressesastrongmessage-butthismessagecanbeeasilymisunderstoodifculturalnormsarenotshared.
Itemfive
ThistimeoftheyearAmericansspendlotsoftimeshoppingforholidaygiftsfortheirfamilymembersandfriends.Manypeoplevisitalotofstoresinlargeshoppingcenterstobuytheirgifts.Othersordergoodsbytelephonefromcatalogues,themagazinesthatoffercompany’sproducts.AndmanyaredoingtheirholidayshoppingontheInternet.IndustryexpertssayAmericanbusinessshouldhaveabout184,000milliondollarsinsalesduringNovemberandDecember.63%ofpeoplewhousetheInternetsaytheyexpecttobuyatleastsomegiftsthere.
Itemsix
IOCstandsforInternationalOlympicCommittee,whichgovernstheOlympicsingeneral.ItwasfoundedinParison23June1894.ItsheadquartersareintheSwisscityofLausanne.ItsofficiallanguagesareEnglishandFrench.IOCmemberscomefromfivedifferentcontinents-Africa,America,Asia,EuropeandOceania.TheychooseOlympiccitiessixyearsinadvance.AlltheOlympicmovement’srulesarecontainedinabookcalledTheOlympicCharter.ThereisanOlympicMuseumandStudiesCenterinLausanne.Itcontainsposters,documents,medals,books,photos,paintings,filmsandsculptures.
Itemseven
Therearefartoomanyroadaccidentsinthiscountry,toomanydeathsandtoomanypeopleinjured.Onewonderswhomosttoblame,driversorpedestrians.Somepeoplesaythattheblamecannotbeputfairlywithoutconsideringthestateoftheroadsandthewholetransportsystem.Ontheotherhand,manyexpertsareconvincedthatthelargerpartoftheblameforthedeathtollmustbeputonpersonsandpersonsalone.Tobefair,pedestrians,driversandroadconditionsarealltoblame.Onelooksforwardtothedaywhenthemotor-carhasbeenreplacedbysomelessdangerousmeansoftransport.
Itemeight
Petroleumhasbeenimportantsinceancienttimes.InLatin,thenamemeans“rockoil.”Petroleumisafossilfuel.Theliquidcomesfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Theseremainswereburieddeepbelowlevelsofrockovertimeandundergreatpressure.Thisgeologicalprocesscreatedcomplexmoleculesofhydrogenandcarbon.Oilcanalsocontainotherelements.Crudeoil,orunprocessedpetroleum,iscalledsourwhenitcontainsalotofsulfur,animpurity.Sourcruderequiresmorerefiningthansweetcrude,whichisoftenmorevaluable.
Itemnine
InSeptemberof2000,worldleadersseteightgoalsforbringingmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty.ThesebecameknownastheUnitedNationsmillenniumdevelopmentgoals.Amongthem:
cutinhalfthenumberofpeoplelivingonlessthanonedollaradayandhaltthespreadofAIDSandmalaria.Thegoalsalsoincludeimprovingsurvivalratesforpregnantwomenandyoungchildren,andeducatingallchildren.Workingforequalitybetweenwomenandmenanddealingwithenvironmentalneedslikesafewateralsoareincluded.Thetargetdateforreachingthegoalsis2015.
Itemten
Onewaytothinkabouttimeistoimagineaworldwithouttime.Therecouldbenomovement,becausetimeandmovementcannotbeseparated.Aworldwithouttimecouldexistonlyaslongastherewerenochanges.Fortimeandchangearelinked.Weknowthattimehaspassedwhensomethingchanges.Intherealworld-theworldwithtime-changesneverstop.Somechangeshappenonlyonceinawhile,likeaneclipseofthemoon.Othershappenrepeatedly,liketherisingandsettingofthesun.Humansalwayshavenotednaturaleventsthatrepeatthemselves.Whenpeoplebegantocountsuchevents,theybegantomeasuretime.
Itemeleven
TheWorldFutureSocietyhaspublishedaspecialreportaboutforceschangingtheworld.Oneofthemispopulationgrowth.Thereportsaystheworldisexpectedtohavemorethanninethousandmillionpeoplebythemiddleofthiscentury.Populationgrowthinmanyindustrialnations,however,isexpectedtodrop.Butmedicalprogresshelpstheirpeopletolivelongerlives.Internationalmigrationisalsoshapingthefuture.Thereportsaysthereissomeresistance,butalsogrowingacceptanceofculturaldifferences.Theworldeconomyisalsobecomingmoreintegrated.Ontheissueofenergy,theuseofoilisexpectedtoreach110millionbarrelsadayby2020.
Unit5PartIA.
October1969firstemailmessageMarch1972addressesFebruary1976
HeadofstateFall1976JimmyCarterSeptember1983HighereducationaccountsDecember1998
B.asIseeitopinionifI’mwrongasamatteroffactbelieveitornot
Informationownbusinessstandardfornowbeseein’you
Tapescript:
Onefeatureoftheinformationsuperhighwayisthatthetraffictravelsfast,andtechiesusetheirownspecialshorthandtokeepmessageszoomingalong.Todaywe’llhelpyoudecodetechtalkbyansweringsomenotsofrequentlyaskedquestionsaboutabbreviationsontheInternet.
WhatdoesitmeanwhenamessageincludesthelettersAISIorIMHOAISIstandsfor“asIseeit”andIMHOisshorthandfor“inmyhumbleopinion.”
SomemodestfolkswillalsoaddFWIWbeforesharingtheiropinion,whichstandsfor“forwhatit’sworth.”OthersexpresstheirdisapprovalwiththelettersCMIIW.Thatis,“correctmeifI’mwrong.”
ThelistofcommonlyabbreviatedphrasesontheNetisnearlyendless.Asamatteroffact,AAMOFstandsfor“asamatteroffact,”and“believeitornot”getspostedasBION.
Arethereanypre-Information-Ageabbreviationsstillmakingtheroundsinthishigh-techeraYoubet.TheoldstandbysFYI,MYOBandSOPwhichstandsfor“foryourinformation,”“mindyourownbusiness,”and“standardoperatingprocedure”arestillfrequentlyusedtodayeveninemail.
Sincetimeisgettingshort,hastheNetgivenustrulyshortandclearwaystosaygood-byeTryTAFN(that’sallfornow),andBCNU(beseein’you).
C
1.TimBerners-Lee
2.inthe1980s
3.inthe1990
4.ontotheInternet
5.10/100,00
6.e-commerce
7.peoplewithimaginationandnewideas
Tapescript:
1.TimBerners-LeeisthemanwhowrotethesoftwareprogramthatledtothefoundationoftheWorldWideWeb./Who
2.Inthe1980sscientistswerealreadycommunicatingusingaprimitiveversionofemail./When
3.In1990TimBerners-LeewroteprogramswhichformthebasisoftheWorldWideWeb./When
4.In1991hisprogramswereplacedontotheInternet./Where
5.Between1991and1994thenumberofwebpagesrosefrom10to100,000./Howmany
6.Rightnowtheworldisfocusedone-commerce./What
7.Theinventionofthewebbringsrapidrewardstopeoplewithimaginationandnewideas./Towhom
PartII
AA1:
connectedsystemconnectionstationspeople
A2:
ConnectionofrailroadsorothervehiclesConnectedsystemofradiostations
Systemlinkinganumberofcomputerstogether
Tapescript
Fewthingsinthisworldchangeasfastaslanguages.Everyday,newwordsarecreatedtodealwithnewideasornewtechnologies.Newmeaningsalsoareaddedtoexistingwords.Adictionarypublishedyearsagomayshowoneortwomeaningsforaword;adictionarypublishedtodaymaylistseveralmoremeaningsforthesameword.
Networkisonesuchword.Itcombinestwowords.Thefirstis“net,”itmeansmaterialsthatareconnected;thesecondis“work”.Onemeaningof“work”isasystem.Networkmeansaconnectionofsystemsthatworktogether.Thesystemsthatnetworksconnectcanbeverydifferent.Forexample,radioandtelevisionstatio
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