Three Clarifications of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.docx
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Three Clarifications of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.docx
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ThreeClarificationsofthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad
ThreeClarificationsofthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad
CHINESEPresidentXiJinpingproposedthejointbuildingoftheSilkRoadEconomicBeltinSeptember2013duringhisvisittoKazakhstan.OnemonthlaterduringhistriptoSoutheastAsia,thePresidentputforwardtheideaofthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad.TheBeltandRoadInitiativeshavesinceemergedasChina’smajordiplomaticstrategyinthenewera.TheCentralEconomicWorkConferenceheldlastDecemberstatedthatimplementationoftheinitiativeswouldtakepri-orityinthecountry’seffortstowardsoptimizingitsgeographicalpatternofeconomicdevelopment.
Sincethe1990s,severalregionsandcountries,includingtheU.S.,Russia,Europe,Japan,andIndia,havepresentedtheirrespectiveversionsoftheSilkRoadplan.China’sBeltandRoadInitiatives,however,aredistinctinstressingcooperationandjointconstruction;alsoindrawingstrengthfromtherespectivecharacteristicsanddevelopmentmodelsofcountriesalongtheroad.Xi’sproposalshaveconsequentlybeenwarmlyreceivedbythesecountries’leadersandelites.
Therearemisgivings,however,abouttheBeltandRoadInitiatives,bothinandoutsideChina,attributabletoconcernsovernationalinterests.WhyisChinaproposingthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadatthistime?
Whataretheramificationswithrespecttotheinterestsofothercountries?
Toanswerthesequestions,ChinaInternationalPublishingGroup(CIPG)reportersattendedtheinternationalconferenceconvenedinFuzhoulastFebruaryunderthethemeofCollectivelyBuildingthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadandCreatingaCommunityofCommonDestiny.Theretheyinterviewedsomeoftheofficials,scholars,andbusinesspeopleparticipatingintheevent.
WhyisChinaputtingforwardtheideaofthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadatthistime?
IsitanAsianversionoftheMarshallPlan?
InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)statisticsshowthatChina,theworld’ssecondlargesteconomy,contributed27.8percenttoworldeconomicgrowthin2014―thelargestshareofallcountries.Astheworld’slargestdevelopingcountry,however,Chinafacesamultitudeofdomesticproblemsthatdemandmorereforms.Similarly,Asia,asamainengineoftheworldeconomy,mustalsoresolveanumberofconundrums,includinglowlevelsofregionalintegration,uneveninter-regionaldevelopment,andpoorinfrastructureconnectivity.ItisunderthiscontextthatChinaadvocatesthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad,andishencemobilizingfinancialandotherresources. NoriyoshiEhara,chiefeconomistatJapan’sInstituteofInternationalTradeandInvestment,expressedhisviewthatChineseeconomytookoffafterthecountrycommencedopening-upandreform,andthatbyadoptingtheBeltandRoadInitiativesChinaintendstosharethefruitsofitseconomicdevelopmentwiththerestoftheworld.IntheearlydaysofreformthelateChineseleaderDengXiaopingmadethefamousremarkthatthestateshouldallowcertainpeopletobecomewealthybeforeprosperitythroughoutthenationcouldberealized.NoriyoshiEharaseestheBeltandRoadInitiativesasanexpressionofChina’swillingness―havingbecomebetteroffasaresultofopening-upandreform―tostrivetogetherwithallcountriesalongtheancienttraderouteforcommonprosperity.
LiXiangyang,directoroftheNationalInstituteofInternationalStrategy,ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences(CASS),believesthatbuildinga21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadwillachieveChina’sgoalofcomprehensivelydeepeningopening-upandreform.Mr.LidividesChina’sopening-upandreformintothreestages:
thefirstlastedfromitscommencementin1978toDengXiaoping’sfamoussoutherntourspeechesin1992;thesecondendedin2001withChina’saccessiontotheWTO;andtheyearsfollowingconstitutethethirdstage.Forthepast30ormoreyearsthecountry’sopening-updrivehasmainlyfocusedonitscoastalareas.Chinaisnowreadyformorecomprehensiveopening-up.
LiMingjiang,associateprofessorofNanyangTechnologicalUniversityofSingapore,agreed.Hebelievesthat,atthecurrentstageofdevelopment,Chinaneedsatourdeforcethatwillspurdeeper,fuller,andhigherlevelopening-up,andthatthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadfitsthebill.TheinitiativealsocomplieswithChina’sdiplomaticrequirementsintheneighboringregion.AsProf.Liseesit,China’srelationswithitsneighborswerelargelystablefor20ormoreyearsuntilnewchallengesappeared―theU.S.’s“PivottoAsia”policy,JapanandIndia’sintensifiedeffortstostepupexchangeswithcountriessurroundingChina,andterritorialdisputesthatstokesuspicionsaboutChinaamongsomeofitsneighbors.
The21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadInitiativecanhelpalleviatethesetensionsandreducedifferencesbysteeringtheregion’sattentiontowardsexchangesandcooperation.ThiswillcreateamorebenigndiplomaticenvironmentforChinaandtosomeextentimproveitsimage. AstotheviewthattheBeltandRoadInitiativesareamodernvisionoftheMarshallPlan,JamesLeroyPeckoftheU.S.-ChinaBookDesignPressexpressedtheviewthattherearefundamentaldifferencesbetweenthetwoprojects.TheBeltandRoadInitiativesdonotbetokenpoliticalaspirations.Theiraimisrathertocreateanopen,inclusive,andmulti-layeredplatformofparticipationforallcountriesintheregion.
Prof.LiMingjiangconcededthattherearesimilaritiesbetweentheChineseinitiativesandtheMarshallPlan,insofarasbothprojectsconsistinonecountryofferingthenecessarycapitalandresourcestostimulatetheeconomicdevelopmentofothers.Yettheyareessentiallydifferent.Theformerisnotmotivatedbyeitherideologicalnotionsorglobalcompetitiveness.Thepurposeofthelatter,however,wastocountertheSoviet-ledEasternbloc,andconsequentlyideology-oriented.TheMarshallPlanwasmoreoveraunilateralaidprogram,whereastheBeltandRoadInitiativesinvolvecooperationandcollectiveconstruction,andinviteinputfromallcountriesalongtheSilkRoad.
Howwillthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadbenefitcountriesotherthanChina?
JamesLeroyPeckpredictsthattheinitiativewillbringremarkablebenefitstocountriesalongtheSilkRoad.Manyhavecertainhistoricalbonds,butinsufficienteconomiclinkagesunderthecurrentinternationalorder.The21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad,JamesLeroyPeckbelieves,willfacilitateeconomicinteractionsamongcountriesalongit,andalsoimproveculturalmutualunderstandingandmutualrespect,sogeneratingtremendousvitality.Theprogramisconsequentlyavaluableopportunityforthesecountriesandfortheworldeconomyasawhole.
KhinMaungLynn,jointsecretaryofMyanmarInstituteofStrategicandInternationalStudies,toldCIPGreportersthat,duetoitslongcoastline,Myanmarhasmanynaturaldeep-waterharbors.They,however,lackgoodplanningandmanagement,aswellasinfrastructure.TherearehopesinhiscountrythatmajoreconomiessuchasChinawillinvestintheseareasandsoenhanceregionalconnectivity.
Dr.MadanKumarDahal,chairmanofMegaBankNepalLimited,toldonereporterthatNepalhasmorethan6,000riversbutnodirectaccesstothesea.TheHimala-yancountry,therefore,needsChina’shelpwithshippinginfrastructure.Meanwhile,theshortfallinpowersupplythatcausesfrequentblackouts,combinedwithNepal’srichhydropowerdevelopmentpotential,implyattractiveopportunitiesforChineseinvestment. Laos,alandlockedcountry,iseagertobecomebetterconnected.YongChanthalangsy,directorgeneraloftheInstituteofForeignAffairs,MinistryofForeignAffairsofLaoPDR,revealedthattheLaosgovernmenthasan“ambitious”plantobuildroadandrailwaylinkswithneighboringcountries.Oneisa421-kmexpresswaytoChinaviaThailand.
TheSingaporebusinessdomainalsohashighexpectationsofthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad.TeoSiongSeng,chairmanofSingaporeBusinessFederationandgeneralmanagerofPacificInternationalLinesPteLtd.,toldthereporters:
“Singapore,locatedontheStraitofMalacca,isknownasthecrossroadoftheEast.WhenrecallingMingDynastynavigatorZhengHe’sventuretothewesternoceans,Singaporecouldplayanevenmoreimportantroleinconstructionofthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad.”
Thisyearmarksthe25thanniversaryofestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenthetwocountries,andalsoSingapore’s50thbirthday.TheSingaporeBusinessFederationlooksforwardtojoininghandswiththerelevantpartiesinChinainhostingaseminarinSingaporeonthe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad,forthepurposeofpromotingunderstandingoftheinitiative.InviteeswillincluderepresentativesofotherASEANcountries.
BabarSultanMakhdoo,editor-in-chiefoftheDailyMailInternationalofPakistan,saidthattheBeltandRoadInitiativesendeavortointegratethedevelopmentplansofindividualcountriestowardsharmonious,winwindevelopment.Thisiswhytheyaresowarmlyreceivedbyallcountriesconcerned.HehopesChinawillcapitalizeontheglobalizationtrendandsetupaplatformonwhichtoshareitsfruitsofdevelopmentwithothercountries.“TheBeltandRoadInitiativeswillundoubtedlypromotebroad,all-roundedregionalcooperation.”
WhatistheroleofcorporationsinagrandioseprojectliketheBeltandRoadInitiativesthatisgovernment-led?
BaiPeijun,executivedeputydirectorofCOSCO’sR&DCenter,toldthereportersthattheproposed21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoadInitiativewillhavefar-reachingimpactonhiscompany.But,hecautioned,businessesmustgearthemselv
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