全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

　　2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

　　PartⅠCloseTest

　　Directions：

　　Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.（10points）

　　①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:

asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.[139words]

　　1.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas

　　[C]insteadof[D]morethan

　　2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas

　　[C]longbefore[D]eversince

　　3.[A]for[B]against

　　[C]of[D]towards

　　4.[A]replace[B]purchase

　　[C]supplement[D]dispose

　　5.[A]enhance[B]mix

　　[C]feed[D]raise

　　6.[A]vessels[B]routes

　　[C]paths[D]channels

　　7.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient

　　[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained

　　8.[A]search[B]save

　　[C]offer[D]seek

　　9.[A]proportion[B]percentage

　　[C]rate[D]ratio

　　10.[A]genuinely[B]obviously

　　[C]presumably[D]frequently

　　PartⅡReadingComprehension

　　Directions:

　　Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.（40points）

　　Passage1

　　①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④（11）AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.

　　①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥（Nowthereisnone:

ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.）⑦（12）Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.

　　①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.

　　①Howthingshavechanged!

②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③（14）FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”[429words]

　　11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.

　　[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

　　[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

　　[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors

　　[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

　　12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.

　　[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket

　　[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises

　　[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

　　[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket

　　13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

　　[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.

　　[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

　　[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperate

　　[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.

　　14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.

　　[A]turningofthebusinesscycle

　　[B]restructuringofindustry

　　[C]improvedbusinessmanagement

　　[D]successineducation

　　Passage2

　　①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy（particularlyaboybaby）survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

　　①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:

stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.

　　Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤（17）Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:

they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.[406words]

　　15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

　　[A]Alackofmates.[B]Afiercecompetition.

　　[C]Alowersurvivalrate.[D]Adefectivegene.

　　16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

　　[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

　　[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

　　[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

　　[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

　　17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.

　　[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

　　[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

　　[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

　　[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

　　18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

　　[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.

　　[B]WaysofContinuingMan’sEvolution.

　　[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.

　　[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.

　　Passage3

　　①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassed