高三英语第一轮复习教案语法二名词性从句.docx
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高三英语第一轮复习教案语法二名词性从句.docx
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高三英语第一轮复习教案语法二名词性从句
名词性从句
根据句子的结构可分为:
①简单句——一主一谓
②并列句——由等立连词and,but,so,for把两个(以上)的简单句连在一起构成。
③复合句——一个主句+从句(一个或以上)构成。
定义
根据从句在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
总述
1.主语从句——在句中作主语,可用it作形式主语
e.g.Whatyousaidsoundsreasonable.
Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said/…that…
Itisnatural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear…that…
Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/nosurprise/nowonder…that…
Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…
Itseems\appearsthat…Ithappensthat…碰巧
2.表语从句-----位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用asif/asthough/because/why引导
e.g.Thequestioniswhocancompletethedifficulttask.
3.同位语从句-----跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。
名词主要有:
fact,news(word),promise,idea,truth,thought,suggestion,hope,proposal,doubt等。
一般用that引导,不省略,不用which..也可用whether(不用if),who,what,which,when,where,how,why
e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.
4.宾语从句
1)作及物动词或介词的宾语(it可作形式宾语;注意whether和if区别)
2)直接引语和间接引语
Idoubtwhether\ifhewillkeephisword.Idon’tdoubtthatourteamwillwin.
一.引导词
1.从属连词有that,whether,if。
它们只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分
2.连接代词有who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等。
它们在从句中起连接作用,本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。
3.连接副词有when,where,why,how等,它们既起连接作用,本身又作从句的状语。
howmany(much,far,long,often,soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句
二.语序:
名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序
Whenhewillarriveisnotknown.
Idon'tknowhowIcangetthroughtheexam.
三.时态
1.在宾语从句中,当主句是一般现在时,其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态
Maryisverydiligent.Marywasverydiligent.
MaryisreadingEnglish.TomsaidMarywasreadingEnglish.
TomsaysMarywillgiveusatalk.Marywouldgiveusatalk.
Maryhasbeencaughtintherain.Maryhadbeencaughtintherain.
但是,宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等,从句的时态仍用一般现在时。
2.在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致,关键要注意动作发生的先后。
Whowillwinthefirstprizeinthecontestisnotknowntous.
Haveyouanyideawhyhewassorude?
四、语气
1.只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句,都要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可以省略。
五.宾语从句否定词的转移
六、if和whether表“是否”,一般情况下可以通用,下列情况下不可通用。
1.主语从句句首2.表语从句3.介词之后
4.不定式之前5.紧跟ornot6.同位语从句
7.宾语从句前移Whethershewillwinthegame,I’mnotsure.
七.that和what
that不充当任何成分,what可以在从句中充当成分:
主语、宾语、表语。
that在宾语从句中可以省略。
下面几种情况不可以省略:
1.主语从句2.表语从句
3.同位语从句
OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects.
4.it作形式宾语,that引导的真正宾语从句
Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.
5.两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句,只有第一个that可省
Mr.smithtoldtheworkers(that)Johnhadworkedveryhardandthathewantedhimstay.
八.1.Whoever=anyonewho,whichever,whatever=anythingthat=名词/代词+(相关的)连接代词
Hegavewhoevercametothedoorasmile.=Hegaveanypersonwhocametothedoorasmile.
比较:
Heaskedmewhobroketheglass.(正确)他问我是谁打的玻璃。
Heaskedmewhoeverbroketheglass.(错误)
Whoevergoesagainstlawshallbepunished.(正确)违法的人将受罚。
Whogoesagainstlawshallbepunished.(错误)
2.wh-ever与nomatterwh-的用法区别
wh-ever可引导名词性从句,让步状语从句;nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句
WhateverIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.让步状语从句
==NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.
HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid.宾语从句
九.同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别
1.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonmadeusveryhappy.
同位语从句,that在抽象名次之后,对其作补充说明,在从句中不充当成分,不可省
2.Thenews(that)hebroughtusmadeusveryhappy.
定语从句,that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,作宾语可省。
名词性从句考点归纳
一、名词性从句的语序:
陈述语序
(1)that和whether/if引导的从句
Shesensedsomething.
Atallmaninadarkcoatwasstaringather
Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.
Shewondered.
Wouldthebusesstillberunning?
Shewonderedif/whetherthebuseswouldstillberunning.
2)疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序,不能用一般疑问句(倒装)语序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(F)
Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(T)
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?
Couldyoutellmewherehelives?
(T)
Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?
(F)
1.主语从句:
从句在句中充当主语成分
1).Thathewillsucceediscertain.
2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.
3)Whathesaidisnottrue.
4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.
5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.
6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed.
7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.
8)Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.
由that引导:
1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)
3.________________________isapity.(你错过了这次机会)
Keys
2.Thattheearthisround
3.Thatyoumissedthechance
总结:
that无意义,后接一个完整的句子,that不可省。
考点一:
主语从句后置!
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
例:
Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.
1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.
--
2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.
--
由连词whether和if,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导.也常常后置:
Itdoesn’tmatterif/whetherheisaforeigner.
Itisaquestionwhetherheiswillingtocome.
Itisunknownhowshehasreducedherweightinsuchashorttime
It的用法:
(形式主语)
It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’ssaid/reported…that..据说/据报道…
It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布…
Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧..
It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…
It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)
/acommonsaying….(俗话说)
Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said…that…
Itisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful…that…
Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/that…
Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…
Itseemsthat…
Ithappensthat…
考点二注意:
主语从句中,谓语动词一般用单数
What引导的主语从句,可根据表语决定
Whatheneeds_is_thatbook?
Whatheneeds_are_somebook?
宾语从句:
1.从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词,不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)
连词:
that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when,where,why,how
1).Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.
2).Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.
3)Iamafraidthathedidn’tcallme.
4).Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.
5).Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.
用if或whether填空
1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.
2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.
3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.
4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.
5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.
6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou
Keys:
1.Whether/if2.whether3.whether4.whether5.whether6.If
2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.
eg:
Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.
Idon’tthinkitrightthatyouleavehomewithouttellingyourparents.
b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.
eg:
Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.
宾语从句的时态呼应
1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.
a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.
Hebelieves_________________________.
b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.
Pleasetellme_________________________.
a.hisdreamwillcometruesomeday
b.whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday
2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。
1).他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。
Hetoldme______________________.
2).他说他已离开家乡十年了。
Hetoldme______________________.
3).老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。
Theteachertellus______________________
1.hewaspreparingfortheexamination
2.Hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears
3.lighttravelsinastraightline.
3.表语从句:
从句在句中充当表语成分,一般放在连系动词之后.作用:
对主语进行解释说明。
连接词:
that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)
连接代词:
who/whom/whose/which/what
连接副词:
when/where/why/how/because
Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.
That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.
Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.
That’swhyIwaslate.
because,asif也可引导表语从句:
1.Heisabsenttoday.It’s________heisseriouslyill.because
2.Itlooks________it’sgoingtorainagain.asif
TrueorFalse:
Hersuggestionisthatwewilldoitbyturns.F
Hersuggestionisthatwedoitbyturns.T
4.同位语从句:
从句在句中充当同位语成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea,belief,fact;truth,problem,news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明.
同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether
1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.
2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
3).SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.
三、同位语从句的引导和辨别
1.同位语从句的格式:
n.+连接词+从句
2.能接同位语从句的名词有:
fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等
3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。
选词填空that/whether/where/how
1.Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom.
2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion________hegotthemoney.
3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions________weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.
4.Ihavenodoubt________hewillwin.
5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.
Keys:
1.where2.how3.that4.that.5.whether
名词性从句基础训练题
1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how
2.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
3.It______Joedrivesbadly.
A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
4.It______heislateforclass.
A.maythatB.mightthatC.maybethatD.mightbewhat
5.Thisis______shewasborn.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
6.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
7.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.
A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what
8.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.
A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what
9.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where
10.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.
A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt
11.Myadviceisthathe______regularhouse.
A.keepB.wouldkeepC.keepsD.ke
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