WrittenTranslation.docx
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WrittenTranslation.docx
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WrittenTranslation
WrittenTranslation
Historyabouttranslationathomeandabroad
•AtHome:
1.古代佛经翻译:
支谦-----道安-----鸠摩罗什-----玄奘
2.晚清至“五四”时期的翻译:
马建忠-----严复-----林纾-----梁启超
3.“五四”时期至40年代:
鲁迅-----周作人-----茅盾-----林语堂
4.20世纪50年代至70年代:
傅雷-----钱钟书-----焦菊隐-----许渊冲
5.现代翻译;罗新璋等
Abroad:
1.古罗马时期至18世纪末:
西塞罗-----哲罗姆-----马丁.路德-----德莱顿-----泰特勒
2.19世纪至20世纪30年代:
施莱尔马赫-----洪堡-----克罗齐-----本亚明-----波斯盖特
3.20世纪30年代后至今:
奈达-----斯坦纳-----纽马克-----威尔斯-----哈蒂姆和梅森
UnitOneDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese
•I. Vocabulary
•1. Meaning
•Eg:
Bigstormbiggorgebigchimneybigmountainbigriverbigradiobig
•stonebigbrotherbigarmybigmanbigdifferencemakebigtalkbigbe
•bigwithyoung
•天才天地天国天桥天堂天下天气天然春天秋天天资
•2. Form
•3. Expression
•Eg:
1.Scientificexploration,thesearchforknowledgehasgivenmanthepractical
•resultsofbeingabletoshieldhimselffromthecalamitiesofnatureandthe
•calamitiesimposedbyotherman.
•2.他初出茅庐,没有什么经验.
II. Sequencesofwords
•1. PositionofAttributives
•Eg:
alittle,yellow,ragged,lame,unshavenbeggar
•2. PositionofAdverbs
•Eg:
1.Heisastudentofaverageintelligence,butheworksveryhard.
•2.Tomlefttheshopwithoutaword.
•3. Sequenceofcomplicatedsentences
• A. Time
•Eg:
Theyhaven’tseeneachotherfortenyears,eversincetheywereinthesame
•armyunit.
•B. CauseandCondition
•Eg:
Theteacherdidnotstopworkingbecausehewasill.
•C. PurposeandResult
•Eg:
Theyrowedsohardthattheywerequiteexhausted.
•III. SentenceStructure
•
•1. Similarities
•2. Differences
•A. English:
hypotaxis,nouns,prepositionsandconjunctionsarewidelyused.Thesentencesarecloselyconnectedbysomeprepositionsandconjunctions.
•Chinese:
parataxis,withoutconjunctionsorprepositions.Verbsarewidelyused,withshort,concisesentences.Therearenoconjunctionsbetweensentences.Therelationshipofthesentencesisobviouslyshownthroughthemeaningofthesentences.
•Eg:
Thisfilmshowedhowtheyputasideathousandacresoutwestwherethebuffaloesroamandnobodycanshootasingleoneofthem.Iftheydo,theygetinjail.ItalsoshowedsomebigNationalParkwithgovernmentairplanesdroppingfooddowntothedeerwhentheygotsnowedandhadnothingtoeat.
•B. Centerofthesentences
•English:
atthebeginningChinese:
attheend
•Eg:
Iwasallthemoredelightedwhen,asaresultoftheinitiativeofyourGovernment,itprovedpossibletoreinstatethevisitsoquickly.
•IV. LiteralandFreeTranslation
•A. LiteralTranslation
•Eg:
1.Japaneseinvaderswerearmedtoteethduring,theSecondWorldWar,butinafewyears,theywerecompletelydefeatedbytheChinesepeople.
•
•2. TheSenateForeignRelationsCommitteetodayextendedtheolivebranchtotheNixonGovernmentbypleadingforthecooperationindevelopingforeignpolicy.
•3. 血浓于水
•Bloodisthickerthanwater.
•4. 对外开放取得新进展.1990年共批准“三资”企业99家,全省部级”三资”企业已达284家.
•Newprogresshasbeenmadeintheprocessofopeningtotheoutsideworld.In1990theprovinceapproved99“ThreeFormsofVentures”,withthetotalnumberofthe“ThreeFormsofVentures”reaching284.
•B.FreeTranslation
•Eg:
1.Oneboyisaboy;twoboyshalfaboy;threeboysnoboy.
•2.Dickcanberelied.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.
•3.有意栽花花不开,无心插柳柳成荫.
•Followlove,anditwillfleeyou;fleelove,anditwillfollowyou.
•4.我只会马走日,象走田.让你车马炮
•-----Ionlyknowthemostbasicmoves.
•-----Iwouldliketoallowyouahandicap.
•C.CombinationofLiteralandFreetranslation
•Eg:
1.“Youshouldhavebeenabitmorehelpfulwhenwearrestedyou,”hesaidtomereproachfully.
•
•2.Inthepress,I’msometimesdescribedasaflamboyantleaderandahip-shooter,akindoffly-by-the-seat-of-the-pants-operator
•3.阿Q又很自尊,所有未庄的居民,他全不放在眼里.
•AhQhadaveryhighopinionofhimself,sohelookeddownuponalltheinhabitantsofWeizhuang.
•4.将来有一天我去见马克思,可以问心无愧了.
•WhenIgotoseeMarxoneday,IwillnotregretwhatIhavedone.
UnitTwoDiction
•A.词义完全对等的例句:
•1. Hewasamanwhosevoicecouldberough,buttowardEdgarhehadbeenkindandthoughtful.
•2. Regulationregardingthehandlingofhazardouswasteshavebecomemorecomplex.Facilitiescannolongerignoretheirwastes.
•B.一词多义的例句:
•3. InthemiddleofallthisworkPeterJeffersonfellinlovewithJaneRandolph,a19-year-oldcousinofWilliam’sandin1739marriedher.
• 4.BritishcoloniesinAmerica
•TheChinesecolonyinSanFrancisco
•Acolonyofartists
•Daughtercolony
•Thebusinesscommunity
•Communityofideas
•Theinternationalcommunity
•TheAtlanticCommunity
•一瓶花:
•avaseofflowers
•一瓶牛奶:
•abottleofmilk
•吐舌头:
•stickoutone’stongue
•吐血:
•spitoutblood
•吐泻:
•vomitanddiarrhoea
•吐丝:
•spinthesilk
•
•C.引申词义的例句:
•5.Inspiteofanxiety,wewerehappywithanewsenseofdiscoveryinoureverydaysurroundings.
•6.Ugandaisbeginningtoemergefromitslongnightmare.
•7.September’sOlympicGamesinSeoulareasecuritynightmareforJapanaswellasSouthKorea.
•D.望文生义的例句:
•8.Ladybird
•beeftea
•slingdog
•gingerbeer
•loveapple
•deliveryroom
•noblemetal
•eveningpaper
•asmallbusiness
•lovechild
•杂粮
•沏茶
UnitThreeAmplification
•A. English-Chinese:
•
•1.Bysupplyingwordsomittedintheoriginal
•2.Bysupplyingnecessaryconnectives
•3.Bysupplyingwordstoconveytheconceptofplurality
•4.Bysupplyingwordstomakeanabstractconceptclear
•5.Forlogic
•6.Bysupplyingwordsofgeneralization
•7.Forpurposesofrhetoricorcoherence
•8.Byrepetition
•I.Fromstructure
•A.Addtheomittedverbs
•Eg:
1.Wedon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.
•2.Seeingfalselyisworsethanblindnessandspeakingfalselythansilence.
•B.Addtheomittedpart
•Eg:
Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.
•C.Addthewordstoshowthelogic
•Eg:
Withoutasenseofyourfault,howcanrepentanceandamendmentbeexpected?
•II.Fromthemeaningandrhetoricdevices
•A.Addverbs
•Eg:
Rostowwasabouttobecome,forlackofanyoneoranythingbetter,averyinfluentialintellectual–thewrongmanatthewrongplacewiththewrongidea.
•B.Addadverbs
•Eg:
Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.
•C.Addnouns
•Eg:
1.Inthesummerof1969,theadministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.
•2.Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertaincondition.
•3.Manygreatwriterswerenotappreciatedfullywhiletheywerealive.
•4.Inthefuture,automationmayenablehumanbeingstoenjoyfarmoreleisurethantheydotoday.
•D.Supplywordstoconveytheconceptofplurality
•Eg:
1.NewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.
•2.Thelionisthekingofanimals.
•E.Supplywordstoshowtheclassifiers
•Eg:
1.Aredsunroseslowlyfromthecalmsea.
•2.Repeattheexperimentusingawoodenruler,apieceofglass,acoin,apieceofpaper,andapin.
•F.Supplywordsofgeneralization
•Eg:
Theadvantagesofthehallarebright,spacious,fashionableandwithoutecho.
•B.Chinese-English:
•
•1.Byaddingnecessarypronouns
•2.Byaddingnecessaryarticles
•3.Byaddingnecessaryconnectives
•4.Byaddingnecessaryprepositions
•5.Byaddingnecessarybackgroundwords
•I.Supplypronouns,nouns,conjunctionsandarticles.
•Eg:
1.要有把握,就要有准备,而且要有充分的准备.
•2.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后.
•3.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧.
•4.你是白天工作还是夜间工作?
•5.我们对问题要作全面的分析,才能解决得妥当.
•II.Supplytheomittedwords.
•Eg:
要提倡顾全大局.
•III.Supplythewordsofgeneralization
•Eg:
在农村,特别是比较偏僻落后的农村,还残存着少数包办买卖婚姻的陋习.
•IV.Addsomenotes
•Eg:
1.三个臭皮匠顶一个诸葛亮.
•2.这真是俗话说的“旁观者清”.
Keys:
1.Toensuresuccess,onemustbeprepared,andfullypreparedatthat.
2.Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.
3.Solongasgreenhillremains,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.
4.Doyouworkinthedaytimeoratnight?
5.Wemustmakeacomprehensiveanalysisofaproblembeforeitcanbeproperlysolved.
6.Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.
7.InChina’smoreremoteandbackwardruralareas,corruptpracticesexistintheformofforcedmarriages.
8.ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhuGeliang,themastermind.
9.Itisjustastheproverbgoes,“Theonlookerseesmostofthegame.”
I.Addsubjects
•1.又要马儿跑得快,又要马儿不吃草,简直可笑!
•2.重点是普及义务教育,积极发展职业教育和成人教育.适度发展高等教育,优化教育结构.
•II.Addsomeinformation
•1.班门弄斧
•2.法律是上层建筑.
•III.Addsomeotherwordstoshowthestructures.
•1.国际争端应在此基础上解决,而不诉诸武力和武力威胁.
•2.中国在近代史上,备受帝国主义和殖民主义的侵略,瓜分,人民饱受凌辱.
Keys:
1.Youwantthehorsetorunfastandyetyoudon’tletitgraze.Isn’titridiculous!
2.Wemustlayemphasisonmakingcompulsoryeducationuniversal,vigorouslydevelopingvocationalandadulteducation,moderatelydevelopinghighereducationandoptimizingeducationalstructure.
3.Thisislikeshowingoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBanthemastercarpenter.
4.Lawsformpartofthesuperstructure.
5.Internationaldisputesshouldbesettledonthisbasis,withoutresortingtotheuseorthreatofforce.
6.ModernhistoryhaswitnessedChina’sgreatsufferingandthehumiliationofChinesepeopleastheresultofimperialistandcolonialistinvasionandpartition.
FurtherPractice
•1.要形成国家科技创新体系,提高自主创新能力和引进技术的吸收能力.
•2.中国将成为为数不多的世界科技强国之一.能自主地解决经济,社会发展和国家安全中的重要科技问题.
•3.国家有许多战略性的重大问题,需要科技界积极参与决策咨询.
•4.学习节目包括市场营销学和商业管理,教授英语,日语和德语的课程也很受欢迎.
•5.认识落后,才能去改变
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