The Campus Emergencies security emergency evacuation study 高校突发事件安全应急疏散研究.docx
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The Campus Emergencies security emergency evacuation study 高校突发事件安全应急疏散研究.docx
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TheCampusEmergenciessecurityemergencyevacuationstudy高校突发事件安全应急疏散研究
TheCampusEmergenciessecurityemergencyevacuationstudy
washion
(ResourcesandMetallurgyCollege)
Abstract:
Throughtheanalysisofallkindsofemergencyevacuationconditionsinthepersonnelintensiveplace,combinedwiththeactualguangxiuniversity,usingcomputertechnologytoestablishtheemergencyevacuationmodel,accordingtothemodeldesignemergencyevacuationdrillfordrillingproject,comparedwiththeresultsfortheverification,theemergencyevacuationplanprovidesthebasisforthedesign,soastoimprovetheinthefaceofsuddenemergenciesemergencyevacuationefficiency,reducethelosseventsbringcasualties.Themodeltoanalyzethesafetyevacuationmeasuresofeffectivenessandproblemshasimportantsignificanceintheoryandpractice.
Keywords:
University;Emergency;Security;Emergencyevacuation
Introduction:
Thesuddenpublichealthincident,earthquake,flood,fire,typhoon,nuclearleakageaccident,etc.,thegovernmentsaroundtheworldandthepopulacehavecareforthemandpayattentiontothem,mustinthecityemergencytomakeascientificandefficientandorderlyemergencyevacuationplanandformulatetheemergencyplan[1].
Emergencycasesofpersonnelevacuationisahighlycomplicatedanduncertaindynamicprocess[2],howtomeasuretheeffectivenessoftheevacuationplanandhowtoevaluatetheperformanceoftheemergencyevacuationplanaretheimportantinksanddifficultproblemstoformulatetheemergencyevacuationplan.Themosteconomicalandfeasiblewayisthroughthecomputerevacuationsimulation,auxiliaryanalysisenvironmentevacuationperformanceandmakereasonableevacuationplan,inspectionemergencyevacuationplanfeasibilityandeffectiveness[3].
Sincethe1970s,thepersonnelemergencyevacuationbehaviorresearchgraduallyconcerned,supportedandaidedbythegovernments,themainresearchdirectionfocusonclusterpanicbehaviorresearch,personnelevacuationbehaviorabilityofresearchandsoon,withtheaidofthefiredrillandexperimentalmethod,carriesonthefiredynamicsresearchandcomputersimulation,theestablishmentofavarietyofrelatedtobuildingfirepersonnelplannedevacuationbehaviorrules,andthemathematicmodelofrandomonpersonnelevacuationbehaviorrulesresearchandpersonnelemergencybehaviorrulesresearch.Inaddition,emergencyenvironmentalfactorsandstaffs’psychologyandbehaviorchangeanalysisevaluationalsogotfullattention.
Inourcountry,personnelsafetyevacuationisstillinthebeginningstage,computersimulationtechnologyresearchalsoobviouslylagsbehindthatofdevelopedcountries,andthereisnomaturemodelandsoftwaresofar.Butinthepersonnelevacuationresearchhasmadesomeachievements,suchastheLiuWenLiintheChinaconstructionscienceresearchinstitute,theWangZhiGangintheTianjinfireresearchinstitute,thefirescienceresearchersofstatekeylaboratoryoftheUniversityofScienceandtechnologyofChinapreliminarysimulatethedifferenttypesofbuildingfireevacuationbehavior.Mostoftheexistingbehaviorevacuationmodelallowscomputeruserstodefineindividualcharacteristicsofevacueessimulation,oruserandomnumbermethodtocreateabuildingevacuationbehavior,andthenusedsuchascomputerprogramminglanguageif-thenjudgmenttodescribeandjudgepersonnelevacuationbehavior,andtodescribeacertainenvironmentalconditionforpersonnelevacuationbehaviorstimulusorconstraintfunction,aswellasinterpersonalinfluenceandforceformeachother.Andtheyaremainlylargeopenplacesemergencyevacuationmodelresearched.
MaterialsandMethods
Firstofall,throughtoconsulttheliteratureathomeandabroad,toknowthesafeevacuationworkoutstandingresearchresultsandconceptmodelaroundtheworld,andatthesametime,accordingtotheinsufficiencyofthedesign,devisethecorrespondingsolutions.
Secondly,totheuniversitypersonnelinintensiveplaceexportcharacteristicsoffieldobservationandinvestigationandobservationincongestionsituationattheexitofpeople'sbehaviorcharacteristics,summarizesthefactorsaffectsafetyevacuation,anddesignedquestionnaireinvestigationpersonnelinsuddensituationofemergencyevacuationcharacteristics,analysisthepeopleinanemergencypsychologicaltendencyandbehavior.
Finally,accordingtotheanalysisofthequestionnaireresults,combinedwiththetypicalinguangxiuniversity’spersonnelintensiveplacesoftheactual,designemergencyevacuationmodel,anddesignemergencyevacuationplan,onthebasisoftheschemeinthecomputeronemergencysimulationpractice,comparativeverification.
Settingupreasonableforeignexportshape:
Settingupreasonableforeignexportshapeevacuationprocess,pronetoexitthearchingphenomenon.Inordertoreducetheexitthearchingphenomenon,itcanbesetattheexitchannelfacilities,andwillexportdividedintomultiplesinglechannel,eachchannelisallowedonlyonepersonatthesametimethrough.Sowecanbettermaintaintheevacuationorder,blockingthetransferbetweentheforce,andthenreducebecauseoftheconfusioncausedbythe"dominoeffect"[4],reducethepossibilityofcasualtyaccidents,improvesafetyevacuation.
Rationallydividedevacuationarea:
Reasonabledivisionforevacuationarea,shortenthetraveldistance,behelpfulforevacuationquicklyselectthecorrectreasonableevacuationroute,makeevacuationwidthavailabletoincreaseoverallevacuationefficiency,reducetheprocessofevacuationjams,reducetheevacuationprocessofcasualties.
Reasonabledistributionevacuationwidth:
Densecrowdevacuationprocess,reasonabledistributionevacuationexitcanspeedupthepersonnelevacuationspeed,makeeffectiveevacuationmaximumwidth,soastoimprovetheoverallevacuationefficiency.Auniversitylibraryafloorlayoutasanexampleanalyzesandcomparesthedistributionofescapestairtoescapetheinfluenceofefficiency.Floorconstructionareaof1500,don’tfirezoning.Scene,asshowninfigure.EvacuationofAscene,FC-andFC-eachsettwoescapestair,evacuationsceneB,FC-setthreedepartmentescapestair,FC-setAescapestair.ThepersonnelevacuationsoftwareBuiassumedthenumberfor2000people,thesquarehastwofunctionalpartition,FC-functionwithinthepopulationis1500people,thefunctioninFC-atotalof500people,therearefoursquareofescapestair,eachwidthis4m.SettwoescapestairdistributionladingExodusthisscenepersonnelevacuationsimulation,moreescapestairdifferentdistributionontheinfluenceoftheevacuationefficiency.AndtheevacuationsceneAandevacuationsceneBevacuationprocessarecompared.
ResultsandDiscussion
Throughtheinvestigationandfieldobservation,analysis,wegettherelateddataandbehaviorfeaturesbelow:
(1)Thelargenumberoffloatingpopulationinashorttime.Inthecitysuchasairports,railwaystations,subway,venue.Andthepersonneldensityunprecedentedincrease,staffrelativelycomplicated.
(2)Almostallofthepedestrianinsuchplaceshavesimilarpurpose.Theyhavethesamemoodoractionresponsestoenvironmentalstimuliapproximate,accidentswaseasytoformahighpopulationgroupmovement.
(3)Theevacuatemanagementsisinadequate.Thisplacewasusuallynotaccordingtotheprovisionsoffiresafetyevacuationplan,orevacuationplan,thereisnolackofeffectiveoperationalandorganizationpersonnelevacuationdrill,thelackofadequateevacuationguidepersonnel,orevacuationguidepersonnellackofenoughabilityandexperience,thefactthatresultingintheeventofanemergencyevacuationorder,theefficiencyislow.
(4)Evacuationchannelcannotmeettherequirementsofthegroupevacuation.Becausethefunctionisdiversifiedneeds,evacuationenvironmentrelativelycomplicated,evacuationrouteisnotclear,traveldistanceistoolong,evacuationwidthrelativeshortage,orevacuationchanneljam,formtheevacuationbottleneck,reducetheevacuationefficiency.
(5)Throughthecomputersimulation,inthesuddenaccidentemergencyevacuationprocess,theevacuationwidthofescapestairandforeignexportinareasonabledistributioncanmakeevacuationflowdistributionmorereasonable,reducetheevacuationprocessofcrowded,greatlyimprovetheevacuationefficiency,andreducecasualtiesforjams.
Conclusions
Inanemergencyevacuationprocess,inadditiontoReasonabledistributionandimprovetheintensivepersonnelplace,westillcanachievetheeffectofemergencyevacuationthroughthedailysafetymanagement.
Real-timemonitoring,reasonableinduction:
Inthedensepopulation,whenpersonneldensitymorethancriticalvalueeasilycauseaccidentsuchastrample,therefore,tothiskindofcrowdevacuationprocesscontrol,firstly,weneedtoknowaboutpersonneldensitychangesinrealtime.Byestimatingthecrowddensity,wecanroughlyknowthewholepeopleinthestate,andmakejudgmenttothebehaviorofthecrowd,sothatwecanmoresecure,moreeffectivelytomanagepeople.Atpresent,thedigitalimageprocessingmethodcanextractpersonalcharacteristics,thebackgroundanddistinguishtogetpersonnelspecificquantityandthenanalysisthewholecrowddensitycharacteristics.Whensomeareapersonneldensityoveragivenalertvalue,itisnecessarytoadoptmanualinterventiontomanagepeople.Specificinclude:
(1)Throughtheradioannouncementdensitydangerousinformation;
(2)Controlthroughtheboundaryintothedangerzonelineflowrate;
(3)Throughthereasonableway,departing,batch,orderlyevacuationtotheriskareacrowdbyacompulsoryway.
I
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