阅读手译.docx
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阅读手译
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)试题
SectionIIReadingComprehension
Text1
●Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?
ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.
Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanread“HappyMoney"byElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.
●Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewarding
waystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.
Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.
Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.
Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.
Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMs.DumnandMr.Norton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.
Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime----asstoriesormemories----particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.
●Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthe
most“happinessbangforyourbuck.”
Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).
Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.
ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald’srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib一-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.
●Readersof"HappyMoney"areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.
Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.
Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.
Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.
Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.
21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?
[A]Abighouse.[B]Aspecialtour.
[C]Astylishcar.[D]Arichmeal.
22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis_____.
[A]critical[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous
23.MacRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat_____.
[A]consumersaresometimesirrational
[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality
[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective
[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure
24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney_____.
[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism
[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheUS
[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement
25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto_____.
[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney
[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries
[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent
[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries
Text2
●AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,
youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.
Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoachievethis.
Socialpsychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect,”or“illusorysuperiority,”andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.
●Werose-tintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.
Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem.
Westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.
●PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.
Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycomparedwithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.
Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation.”
Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage—whichmostdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.
●Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.
Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancedthemost(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpictureswerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.
Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.
“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion,”saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.”
Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'tbeself-enhancing.
●KnowingtheresultsofEpley’sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeoplehatephotographsof
themselvesviscerally—ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureas
themselves.
Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythe
mostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyle.
“It’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,”saysCatalinaTomaofWiscon-MadisonUniversity,“buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.”
26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat_____.
[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh
[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect
[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural
[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective
27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s_____.
[A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice
[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticself-defence
28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto_____.
[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities
[B]believeintheirattractiveness
[C]coveruptheirdepressions
[D]oversimplifytheirillusions
29.Theword“viscerally”(Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.
[A]instinctively[B]occasionally
[C]particularly[D]aggressively
30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.
[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles
[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles
[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits
[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides
Text3
●Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.
Andyet,itwouldbeamistaketothinkwearerightnowsimplyexperiencingthepainfulsideofa
boomandbustcycle.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.
Sincetechnologyhassuchaninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwill
continuetorestructureoureconomyinwayswecan’timmediatelyforesee.
●Whenthereisexponentialimprovementinthepriceandperformanceoftechnology,jobsthat
wereoncethoughttobeimmunefromautomationsuddenlybecomethreatened.
●Thisargumenthasattractedalotofattention,viathesuccessofthebookRaceAgainsttheMachine,byErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,whobothhailfromMIT'sCenterforDigitalBusiness.
Thisisapowerfulargument,andascaryone.Andyet,JohnHagel,authorofThePowerof
Pullandotherbooks,saysBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissthereasonwhythesejobsareso
vulnerabletotechnologyinthefirstplace.
●HagelsayswehavedesignedjobsintheU.S.thattendtobe“tightlyscripted”and“highly
standardized"onesthatleavenoroomfor“individualinitiativeorcreativity.”
Inshort,thesearethetypesofjobsthatmachinescanperformmuchbetteratthanhumanbeings.
ThatishowwehaveputagianttargetsignonthebacksofAmericanworkers,Hagelsays.
●It’stimetoreinventtheformulaforhowworkisconducted,sincewearestillrelyingona
very20th centurynotionofwork,Hagelsays.
Inourrapidlychangingeconomy,wemorethaneverneedpeopleintheworkplacewhocantakeinitiativeandexercisetheirimagination“torespondtounexpectedevents.”
That’snotsomethingmachinesaregoodat.
Theyaredesignedtoperformverypredictableactivities.
●AsHagelnotes,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeeindeedtouchedonthispointintheirbook.
Weneedtoreframeraceagainstthemachineasracewiththemachine.Inotherwords,weneedtolookatthewaysinwhichmachinescanaugmenthumanlaborratherthanreplaceit.
Sothentheproblemisnotreallyabouttechnology,butrather,“howdoweinnovateourinstitutionsandourworkpractices”?
31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,economicdownturnswould_____.
[A]easethecompetitionofmanvs.machine
[B]highlightmachines'threattohumanjobs
[C]provokeapainfultechnologicalrevolution
[D]outmodeourcurrenteconomicstructure
32.TheauthorsofRaceAgainsttheMachinearguethat_____.
[A]technologyisdiminishingman’sjobopportunities
[B]automationisacceleratingtechnologicaldevelopment
[
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