写作要点总结.docx
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写作要点总结.docx
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写作要点总结
写作要点总结
一.写作评分标准
写作满分为15分,分5个等级:
2分、5分、8分、11分、14分。
各分段评分具体标准如下:
2分——条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子有错,且多数为严重错误。
5分——基本切题。
表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。
有较多的严重语言错误。
8分——基本切题。
有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯。
语言错误较多,其中有少量的严重错误。
11分——切题。
表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。
14分——切题。
表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。
二、过渡词语的运用
英语写作中,要做到行文连贯自然,很少有不用过渡词语的。
而实际情况是,由于受汉语影响,很多学生只注重意义的连贯而忽视形式上的接应,结果造成英语句子连绵不断,病句很多且逻辑关系不明确。
因此,平时练习时,应有意识地运用包括连词在内的过渡词语。
现将常见过渡词句总结如下:
★常见于文章开头的词句
(1)Withthedevelopment(progress,growth,etc.)ofsociety(science,technology,economy,etc.),…hasbecomemoreimportantthaneverbeforeindailylife.
(2)Recently,theproblemof…hasbecometheworld’sfocus.
★常见于文章结尾的词句
(1)Inconclusion;Inshort;Insummary;Inbrief;Inaword;Toconclude;Tosumup;Toendup等
(2)It’sonlywhenoneworkshardenoughthathissuccesscanbesecured.
★表示先后次序的词句
first(ly),second(ly),third(ly),...;tobeginwith...,moreover...,finally...;firstofall,next,then,eventually;meanwhile;inthemeantime;induetime;sincethen;shortlyafter等。
★表示因果关系的词句
becauseof;dueto;owingto;thanksto;asaresult;forthisreason;consequently;accordingly;thus;hence;therefore;inthisway等。
★表示比较和对比的词句
unlike;incontrast;onthecontrary;despite;inspiteof;ontheotherhand;otherwise;while;whereas;nevertheless;although;but;yet;still;likewise;inlikemanner;similarly;inthesameway;justas等。
★表示附加的词句
again;inaddition;and;also;furthermore;moreover;what’smore;notonly...butalso;besides;apartfrom等。
★表层进关系
additionally,inaddition,also,besides,likewise,notonly...butalso,further,furthermore,inotherwords,moreover,equallyimportant,foronething...foranother,what’smore,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,aswell,lastbutnotleast.
★表举例
forexample,forinstance,acaseinpoint,toillustrate,asanillustration,justas,take...forexample,asfollows.
★表让步/转折关系
though,although,as,while,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof,eventhough,forallthat,but,yet,however,incontrast,still,nevertheless,otherwise,whereas,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,atthesametime.
★表解释同位关系
thatis(tosay),...roughlymeans,inotherwords,bydefinition,namely,asamatteroffact,as...suggests,asregards,withregardto,concerning,asfor,intermsof.
★表条件关系
if,incase(of),solongas,onconditionthat,assumingthat,lest,while.
★表选择关系
or,orrather,alternatively,instead(of),ratherthan,whether...or,either...or,neither...nor,not...but.
★表总结关系
allinall,inall,briefly,inbrief,altogether,toconclude,inconclusion,inoneword,inshort,insummary,tosumup,tosummarize,onthewhole,insum,ashasbeenmentioned(above).
三、常用句型
(1)用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently,...hasbecomethefocusofthesociety.
②...hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife
③Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernfor...
④Nowadaysitiscommontohear/see...
⑤...hasbecomeacommonoccurrenceinourdailylife.
⑥Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtobeawareoftheseriousnessof...
⑦Itisonlyduringthelast/pastfewyearsthatmanhasbecomegenerallyawarethat...
⑧Thereisanold/popularsaying/proverbwhichsays/goes...
⑨Inrecentyears,thereisageneraltendency...
⑩Nowadays...hasbecomeaproblemwehavetoface.
(2)用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型
①Somepeoplelike/prefer...,whileothersare/feelinclinedto...
②Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto...
③Somepeopleclaimthat...issuperiorto...Others,however,disagreewithit.
④Somepeoplebelieve...Othersmaintain...Stillothersclaim...
⑤Somepeoplesuggest...Others,however,holdtheoppositeopinion.
⑥Ontheonehand,peopletendto...Ontheotherhand,theyfeel...
⑦Somepeoplearguethat...Others,incontrast,believethat...
⑧Althoughmoreandmorepeoplecometobelieve...therearestillotherswhoinsistthat...
⑨Onthecontrary,therearepeopleinfavorof...
⑩Therearesomepeoplewhoholddifferentopinionsabout...
(3)用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型
①Myownexperiencetellsmethat...
②Inmyopinion,weshouldattackmoreimportanceto...
③Asformyownideaabout...Ibelieve...
④AsfarasIamconcerned,Iplanto...
⑤Personally,Iprefer...
⑥Inmyview,bothsidesarepartlyrightinthat...
⑦Butforme,Iwouldrather...
⑧Myownpointofviewisthat...
⑨Inconclusion,Isupportthestatementthat...
⑩Asforme,Itendtochoose...
(4)用于结尾的常用句型
①Fromwhathasbeendiscussed/mentionedabove,wemayconcludethat...
②Therefore,itisnotdifficulttodraw/cometotheconclusionthat...
③Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneabout...
④Fromallthereasons/considerationabove,itisevident/clear/obviousthat...
⑤Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemayreachtheconclusionthat...
⑥Giventhereasons/considerationIhavejustoutlined/discussed/presented,Istronglyrecommendthat...
⑦Itisclear,therefore,that...
⑧Allinall,whatreallymattersis,infact,to...
⑨Itisessentialthateffectivemeasurebetakento...
⑩Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat...
Inconclusion,themostimportantis...
Onthewhole,itishightimethateveryone...
Asaresult,weshouldtakesomeeffectivestepsto...
Judgingbythefigures/statistics,itisnotdifficulttoseethat...
Onlyinthisway/insodoing,canbereally...
(5)用于书信写作的常用句型
①申请信/求职信
I’mwritingtoapplyforadmittancetoyouruniversity/collegeasavisitingscholar/researchassistant.
I’mwritingtoexplorethepossibilityofspendingoneortwoyearsworking/studyinginyourinstitute/laboratory/company.
Iwouldliketoapplyforadmissiontoyourdepartment/universityforstudyin...
Pleasesendmeanapplicationformforadmissiontoyourgraduateprogram.
Accordingtothismorning’sTimes/ChinaDaily/BeijingYouthDaily,youwantanexperiencedefficientsecretary.
Youradvertisementinthismorning’stranscript/BusinessWeekly...appealstomebecause...Ioffermyqualificationsinthehopethatyouwillconsidermeforthejob.
IunderstandfromMr...thatthereisanopeningforareporteronthestaffoftheNewYorkSun.
Myformerassociates/employerswilltellyouthatIamneat,accurateandpainstakinginmywork,thatIamtactfulandcourteous,andthatIamresourceful,loyaltothejob,andofpleasingpersonality.
TheywilltellyouthatIamconscientious,thatIhaveanagreeablepersonalityandappearance,andthatIgetalongwellwitheveryone.
Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.
Lookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Iamlookingforwardtothepleasureofapersonalinterview.
②邀请信及答复
ItiswiththegreatestpleasurethatIwritetocordiallyinviteyoutoattendthemeeting.
Itgivesmethegreatestpleasuretoinviteyoutovisitthisexhibition.
WillyouandMrs.GreengivemethepleasureofdiningwithusattheBeijingHotelonSunday,Oct10th,ateighto’clock?
JohnandIwouldbeveryhappyifyouandMr.LatimercouldcometodinneronSaturdaythenineteenthatseveno’clock.Wedohopeyoucanjoinus.
JohnandIarewonderingifyoucandinewithusonTuesday,thefifteenth,athalf-pastsix.Afterwards,weplantoheartheUniversityGleeClubatAuditorium.
MrsGreenandIaredelightedtoacceptyourkindinvitationtodinewithyouattheBeijingHotelonSunday,ateighto’clock,andarelookingforwardtothateveningwithgreatpleasure.
ItisverykindofyoutoaskustodinnerthiscomingSaturdayevening,but,toourregret,wecannotacceptit.
Iamsorrynotbeabletoacceptyourkindinvitationtolunchonthefourteenth.Unfortunatelymyplanshavebeenchanged,andIwillbereturningtoTroyonMonday.
③批评、抱怨、投诉
Iamwritingtoexpressmydissatisfactionwith/at...
Iamwritingtocomplainabout...
Ithinkit’shightimeyourealized...
Toimprovethesituation/solvetheaboveproblem,itisadvisableforyoutotakethefollowingmeasures.
Weknowthatyouarenotgenerallycareless,butwewouldlikeyourassurancethatthiswillnothappenagain.
Iwishtoreferyoutoanincidentwhichoccurred...callingforsomeremedialaction.
ImustwarnyouthatunlessyoudosomethingaboutthesituationIwillbeforcedtotakelegalaction.
Tobefrank,Iamnotpreparedtoputupwiththesituationanylonger.
Therearesomeproblemswiththe(flat)thatIwishtobringtoattention.Foronething,thereis...Foranother,...
④感谢信
ThankyouverymuchforthekindnessyouhavegivenmeduringmystayinParis.Ihavereallyenjoyedmyvisitthere.
Iwarmlyappreciateyourhospitality.
Idon’tknowhowtothankyouforyourkindnesstome.
Iinformyouwithgratitudethatyourparcelreachedme.
Weareindebtedtoyouforyourhelp.
Itwasthoughtfulandgenerousofyoutosendmesuchabeautifulandfancygift.
WithdeepestgratitudeIwriteyouhereafewlines.
Iamwritingtothankyou,onbehalfofmywifeandonmyownbehalf,forthelovelytimewehadatyourpartylastnight.
Ifindanordinary“thankyou”entirelyinadequatetotellyouhowgratefulIamforyourwonderfulpresent.
(6)用于图表作文的常见句型
1Asthegraph/chart/tableshows/depicts,...
2Asisclearlyshowninthegraph/chart/table,…
3Thegraph/chart/tableshows/indicates/revealsthat…
4Itcanbeseen/concludedfromthegraph/chart/table/picturethat…
5Fromthecartoon/picture,wecanseethat...
6Accordinglytothestatisticsshowninthefirst/secondgraph,…
7Whyaretheresuchgreatchanges/asharpcontrastduringthepast20years?
8Twomainfactorscontributetothis.
9Threepossiblereasonscontributeto/canexplainthisphenomenon.
10Therearemainlytworeasonsexplainingthesechanges.
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