小六英语 16 语法专项之 句子种类.docx
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小六英语 16 语法专项之 句子种类.docx
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小六英语16语法专项之句子种类
教育学科教师辅导教案
学员编号:
年级:
课时数:
3
学员姓名:
YYY辅导科目:
英语学科教师:
XX
课题
句子的种类
教学目标
通过句子种类的复习与训练,掌握其重点句型和常用考点并灵活运用。
教学内容
一、陈述句
学习目标
陈述句主要是用来说明一件事实,肯定什么或者否定什么。
因此这类句子的主要分成两大类:
肯定句和否定句。
陈述句的末尾用句号“.”,用降调来朗读。
1.肯定陈述句:
主语+谓语动词+其它
S十V十O(others)
主语是叙述一件事的主体。
一般放在句首。
而谓语动词是说明主语干什么或状态的句子成分。
一般放在主语之后。
谓语动词有各种形式和时态的变化。
(1)用系动词表示(be动词)如:
IamaChinese.
Heisswimmingintheriver.
(2)用各种行为动词的各种时态表示,如:
Myfathergoestoworkbycar.
Yesterdaywehadapicnic.
TheywillarriveinShanghaitomorrowafternoon.
(3)由助动词或情态动词表示,如:
Icanmakeakite.
Itmayberainytomorrow.
Youmustbegoodtoanimals.
(4)Therebe引导的肯定句,be动词的变化也有各种时态。
Thereisamonkeyinthetree.
Thereweresomehighbuildingshere.
Therewillbespecialgueststomorrow.
2.否定陈述句:
(1)句子中通常带有否定词not,not一般加在tobe,tohave,助动词和情态动词的后面,行为动词的前面。
如:
SheisnotfromEngland.
Theyhavenotanybooksonthissubject.Youmustn'twalkonthegrass.
(2)当谓语动词是行为动词时,前面加上donot,第三人称单数的一般现在时doesnot,各种人称的过去时用didnot,行为动词用动词原形。
如:
Idon'tknow.
Thecoatdoesn'tfitme.
Hedidn'tgotobedearlyyesterday.
(3)当“have”不解释为“有”的时候,而行为动词的时候,否定结构是(do/doesnothave,didnothave,willnothave)
如:
Wedon'thavelessonsonSunday.
自我测评
Part1
1.朗读下列句子
(1)Orangesaremyfavouritefruit.
(2)She'sreadingaveryinterestingbook.
(3)Theywillgotothebeach.
(4)HehasacolourTV.
(5)Weareplayingtennisnow.
(6)Thedogsaresobig.
(7)Theyareplayingfootball.
(8)Theboxareheavy.
(9)Wereallymustgonow.
(10)Mybrotherhasagoodteacher.
2.读出肯定陈述句:
(1)A.It'sarainyday.
B.Annadoesn'twatchTVonFriday.
C.Canyouhearme?
(2)A.Idon'tliketowatchTV.
B.Petergoestoschoolbybuseveryday.
C.Willitraintomorrow?
(3)A.Theyhaven'tabasketball.
B.I'mnotaworker.
C.Theyhaveabasketballmatch.
3.抄写下列句子,注意大小写和标点符号:
(1)itisabeautifulmorning.
(2)dickandmarydidn'tgototheiraunt'shome.
4.用所给词的适当形式填空:
(1)Thechildren(play).
(2)Wego(swim)withourparentsintheafternoon.
(3)There(be)someinkinthebottle.
(4)Shewantsto(go)totheGrandTheatre.
(5)Who(teach)thestudentsEnglish?
(6)Canyou(speak)Japanese?
5.将下列肯定句改成否定句,否定句改成肯定句:
(1)Hecanfinishthehomeworkbyten.
(2)Theywon'tgototheshoppingmall.
(3)They'regoingtothegym.
(4)Shecomestothedancingclasseveryotherday.
(5)Thestudentscan'tunderstandthelesson.
(6)Mr.Wanghasawonderfulbicycle.
趣味阅读
Iknowfourmen.TheyareMr.Li,Mr.Wang,Mr.ChenandMr.Zhao.Theyaremyfriends.Buttheyaredifferent.Twoofthemarefatandtwoofthemarethin.Twoofthemaretallandtwoofthemareshort.Thefatmenaren'tshort,andthethinmenaren'ttall.Mr.LiandMr.Zhaoaren'tfat.Mr.ZhaoandMr.Chenaren'told.
判断下列内容与短文是否一致,用“T”表示一致,用“F”表示不一致
()
(1)Iknowfourwomen.Theyaremyfriends.
()
(2)Twoofthemarefatandtwoofthemarethin.
()(3)Mr.LiandMr.Zhaoarefat.
()(4)Mr.ZhaoandMr.Chenareyoung.
Keys:
3.
(1)Itisabeautifulmorning.
(2)DickandMarydidn'tgototheiraunt'shome.
4.
(1)areplaying
(2)swimming(3)is(4)go(5)teaches(6)speak
5.
(1)Hecan'tfinishthehomeworkbyten.
(2)Theywillgototheshoppingmall.
(3)Theyaren'tgoingtothegym.
(4)Shedoesn'tcometothedancingclasseveryotherday.
(5)Thestudentscanunderstandthelesson.
(6)Mr.Wanghasn'tawonderfulbicycle.
趣味阅读:
(1)F
(2)T(3)F(4)T
二、疑问句(一般,特殊,选择,反意)
学习目标
1.掌握疑问句的基本格式。
2.熟练掌握疑问句的结构和变换方式,并能灵活运用。
难点突破
疑问句常用来询问一件事情或一个情况是否属实。
按照语法结构和交际功能来说,分成一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。
1.一般疑问句:
一般疑问句通常用yes或no来回答,句首重读,然后依次下降,句末声调上升。
(1)一般疑问句中谓语动词的位置:
Ⅰ.tobe,tohave结构中把be动词或have(has)放在主语之前,如:
Isheapoliceman?
Haveyougotanycomicbooks?
Ⅱ.谓语是助动词或是情态动词,把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前:
CanIhelpyou?
MustIgototheofficerightnow?
Ⅲ.谓语动词是行为动词,在主语前面加上do/does/did,如:
Doyoulikeapples?
Doesshehaveanybrothers?
Didtheypasstheexam?
Ⅳ.Therebe句型中把be动词放在there的前面,构成疑问句,根据时态做相应的变化。
如:
Isthereanymilkinthebottle?
Wasthereanycoffeeinthecup?
Arethereanypencils.inthepencil-box?
Were.thereanyteachersintheoffice?
(2)一般疑问句的回答:
a.肯定回答:
Yes,主语+谓语(或助动词)
否定回答:
No,主语+谓语(或助动词)+not
Areyouasailor?
Yes,lam.
Isshecoming?
'No,sheisn't.
Willyousingforus?
Yes,lwill.
MustIstayhometoday?
No,youneedn't.
b.Therebe句型的回答是Yes,thereis(are/..)./No,thereisn't(aren't...)如:
Isthereanywater?
Yes,thereis.
Arethereanyappletreesinthegarden?
No,therearen't.
2.特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问句是对问句中某一特殊部分提出疑问。
通常以who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等疑问词为首,所以,特殊疑问句又叫做“wh-问句”:
(wh-question)
(1)特殊疑问句的疑问代词:
有who,whom,what,which,whose,what可以对主语,、表语二宾语和定语进行提问。
who谁(作主语和表语)
whom谁(作宾语)
whose谁的(作主语、表语、宾语和定语)
which哪个,哪些(作主语、表语、宾语和定语)
what什么(作主语、表语、宾语和定语)
如:
What'syourname?
Who.haseatenthebanana?
Whose.bookis.it?
Whomarethey,talkin.with?
Whichbookisthebest?
(2)特殊疑问句的疑问副词:
when何时where何地why为什么how如何
howmuch多少(用于询问价格或不可数名词)
howmany多少(用于词问可数名词)
howlong多久
howold多大年纪
howfar多远
如:
Wherearetheysitting?
Whenishecomingback?
Whatdidyousay?
Whydidheamvesolate?
Howfarisitfromhere?
(3)特殊疑问句分为正常词序和倒装词序两种结构。
正常词序的特殊疑问句如:
Whophonedyoulastnight?
Whoselighterfellonthefloor?
Whichcoatdoesn'tfityou?
Whathappenedlastnight?
倒装词序的特殊疑问句如:
Whoareyoutalkingabout?
Whatdoesyourbrotherdo?
Whereisheliving?
Whendidtheyleave?
Whydidhearrivesolate?
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案供对方选择的疑问句式。
选择疑问句有两种形式:
一种是以一般疑问句为基础。
例如:
AreyougoingtoEnglandorAustralia?
ShallIgohomeorstayhere?
另一种是以特殊疑问句为基础。
例如:
Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?
Howshallwegothere?
Bybusorbytrain?
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句是一种常用于口语的疑问句式,主要由“陈述句十附加疑问”构成,反意疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词相对应,主语也和陈述部分的主语相对应,如果陈述部分的主语是名词词组,则附加疑问部分用相应的代词表示。
反意疑问句主要有以下两种形式:
肯定的陈述句十否定的反意疑问。
如:
Theclockisslow,isn'tit?
否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑句。
如:
Theclockisn'tslow,iSit?
值得注意的是,当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,never,砌:
ely,few;little,nowhere,nothing等否定词或半否定词是,反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
如:
Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere?
Heisseldomlateforschool,ishe?
自我测评
Part1
1.改错
(1)Icomestoschooleveryday.
(2)howdoyoudo
(3)Bettyareinthepark.
(4)Isyouhaveababy?
2.连词成句
(1)mayyourulerIuse
(2)isHeprimaryaschoolstudent
(3)isyeshe
(4)isitourtree
(5)itnoisn't
3.根据句子内容填空,每空格一词
(1)—fatherisateacherinyourclass?
—LingFeng'sfatherisateacherinourclass.
(2)—isthisinEnglish?
—It'sabanana.
(3)—isTom?
—He'sKate'sbrother.
(4)—bikescanyouseeinthepicture?
—Icanseefive.
(5)—manisyourEnglishteacher?
—Theoneintheblackcoat.
(6)—doyoulikethemachine?
(7)—doesAlicelikeeating?
—Shelikeseatingapplesandeggs.
(8)—doesyourmotherdo?
—She'sadriver.
4.选择正确的答案
(1)A:
areyournewshoes?
B:
They'reallnice.
A.WhatB.HowC.HowmanyD.Where
(2)Theirclassroomisbigandoursbig,too.
A.areB.isn'tC.aren'tD.is
(3)A:
isyourschoolbag?
B:
Theyellowone.
A.WhatB.WhatcolourC.WhichD.Where
(4)Herearesomebooksforsisterand.
A.his,heB.my,IC.they,themD.her,her
5.完成下列反义疑问句
(1)Thesetoolsareuseful,?
(2)Thisisn'tafasttrain,?
(3)Johnhasgrownalot,?
(4)Maryfailedherexam,?
(5)Theoldmanwouldn'tbelieveyou,?
(6)Shedoesn'tsmoke,?
(7)Hesmokedalot,?
(8)TheyoftenwatchTV,?
(9)Thereisnodoubtaboutit,?
(10)Therearefivestudentsintheclassroom,?
趣味阅读
ItisSundaymorning.David,Mike,GaoShanandotherboysareplayingfootballinthefootballfield.NowDavidpassestheballtoMike.Mikekicksittothegoal,butWangBing,thegoalkeeper,catchestheballandthrowsittoBen.BenkicksitandpassesittoLiuTao.ButDavidgetstheballagainandpassesittoTom.Tomkickstheballtothegoal.Itisabeautifulkick,buttheballgoesoverthegoalanditgoesoutofthefield!
Now,thescoreiszeroall.
判断,用“T”或“F”表示
()
(1)Theboysareplayingbasketball.
()
(2)DavidandMikeareinthesameteam.
()(3)WangBingisthegoalkeeper.
()(4)Tomkickstheballtothegoal.
Keys:
1.
(1)1cometoschooleveryday.
(2)Howdoyoudo?
(3)Bettyisinthepark.(4)Doyouhaveababy?
2.
(1)MayIuseyourruler?
(2)Heisaprimaryschoolstudent./Isheaprimaryschoolstudent?
(3)Yes,heis.(4)Itisourtree.(5)No,itisn't.
3.
(1)Whose
(2)What(3)Who(4)Howmany(5)Which(6)How(7)What(8)What
4.
(1)B
(2)D(3)C(4)D
5.
(1)aren'tthey
(2)isthis(3)hasn'the(4)didn'tshe
(5)wouldhe(6)doesshe(7)didn'the(8)don'tthey
(9)isthere(10)aren'tthere
趣味阅读:
1.F2.T3.T4.T
三、祈使句(肯定,否定)
学习目标
1.掌握祈使句的结构(肯定、否定)
难点突破
祈使句表示请求、命令等。
它的主语是听话者,通常不表示出来,如:
Comewithme(David)。
祈使句肯定结构中的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
祈使句末用感叹号或句号,句子用降调。
1.祈使句的结构:
动词原形或动词词组
Standup.Sitdown,please!
Closethedoor,please!
Be动词+表语
Bequiet.Bequick!
Becareful.
2.祈使句的否定结构:
在句首加上Don't即可。
若在句首或句末加please,那么语气变得和缓。
Don'tbelate.Don'ttalkanymore.
Don'twalkonthegrass.Pleasedon'tdrinkhere.
3.谓语动词是let
Letmetry.Lethimdoit!
如果说话人也参加所讲的动作,则在祈使句前面加let's,如:
Let'sstartworkatonce.Let'stalktotheteacheraboutthis!
自我测评
1.口头造句
(1)open—Please
Don't
(2)close—Please
Don't
2.看标记说话
3.将下列肯定句改成否定句
(1)Washyourhandkerchief,please.
(2)PleaselistentoMr.Li.
(3)Closethewindow.
(4)Eatmorebiscuits,Alice.
4.选择填空
(1)Hurryup,youwillbelate.
A.andB.thenC.eitherD.or
(2)It'stoocoldoutside.openthewindow.
A.DoB.CanC.Don'tD.Be
(3)attheteacher,please.
A.ListenB.LookC.HearD.See
(4)Tim,rude.polite.
A.is
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