《学术英语医学》课后题答案docx.docx
- 文档编号:24825277
- 上传时间:2023-06-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:22.94KB
《学术英语医学》课后题答案docx.docx
《《学术英语医学》课后题答案docx.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《学术英语医学》课后题答案docx.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
《学术英语医学》课后题答案docx
Unitl
1、Somefactorsthatmayleadtothecomplaint:
•Neuronoverload
•Patients*highexpectations
・Mistrustandmisunderstandingbetweenthepatientandthedoctor
2、Mrs.Osorio^scondition:
•A56-year-oldwoman
・Somewhatoverweight
•Reasonablywell-controlleddiabetesandhypertension
・Cholesterolonthehighsidewithoutanymedicationsforit
•Notenoughexercisessheshouldtake
•HerbonesalittlethinonherlastDEXAscan
3、Goodthings:
•Bloodtestsdone
•Glucosealittlebetter
•HerbloodpressurealittlebetterbutnotsogreatBadthings:
•Cholesterolnotsogreat
•Herweightalittleup
•HerbonesalittlethinonherlastDEXAscan4
4、Thesituation:
•Theauthorwasinamoderatestateofpanic:
jugglingsomanythoughtsaboutMrs.
Osorio^sconditionsandtryingtoresolvethemallbeforetheclockrandown.
•Mrs.Osoriomadeatrivialrequest,notsoimportantascomparedtoherconditions.
•Mrs-Osorioseemedtocareonlyabouther“innocent—andcompletelyjustified一request'5:
theformsignedbyherdoctor.
•Thedoctortriedtooratleastpretendedtopayattentiontothepatientwhilecompletingdocumentation.
5>Similarities:
•Incomputermultitasking,amicroprocessoractuallyperformsonlyonetaskatatime.Likemicroprocessors,wehumanbeingscarftactuallyconcentrateontwothoughtsatthesameexacttime.Multitaskingisjustanillusionbothincomputersandhumanbeings.
Differences:
•Theconceptofmultitaskingoriginatedincomputerscience.
•Atbest,humanbeingscanjuggleonlyahandfulofthoughtsinamultitaskingmanner,butcomputerscandomuchbetter.
•Themorethoughtshumanbeingsjuggle,thelesshumanbeingsareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought,butcomputerscandomuchbetter.
6、
•7medicalissuestoconsider
•5separatethoughts,atleast,foreachissue
•7x5=35thoughts
•10patientsthatafternoon
•35x10=350thoughts
•5residentsundertheauthorssupervision
•4patientsseenbyeachresident
•10thoughts,atleast,generatedfromeachpatient
•5x4x10=anther200thoughts
•350+200=550thoughtstobehandledintotal
•Ifthedoctordoesagoodjobjuggling98%ofthetime,thatstillleavesabout10thoughtsthatmightgetlostintheprocess.
7、Possiblesolutions:
・Computer-generatedreminders
•Casemanagers•Ancillaryservices
•Thesimplestsolution:
time
Unit2
1、Theauthorimplies:
•Peoplesinadequateconsciousnessabouttheconsequenceofneglectingthere-emerging
infectiousdiseases
•Unjustifiabilityofpeoplescomplacencyaboutthepreventionandcontrolofthe
infectiousdiseases
•Unfinishedwaragainstinfectiousdiseases
2、Victorydeclarations:
-SurgeonGeneralWilliamStewart1shyperbolicstatementofclosing"thebookon
infectiousdisease,
•Astringofimpressivevictoriesincurredbyantibioticsandvaccines
•ThethoughtthatthewaragainstinfectiousdiseaseswasalmostoverWhat
followedeversince:
-AppearanceofnewdiseasessuchasAIDSandEbola
•Comebackoftheoldafflictions:
»DiphtheriaintheformerSovietUnion
»TBinurbancenterslikeNewYorkCity
»RisingGroupAstreptococcalconditionslikescarletfever
•Thefearofapowerfulnewflustrainsweepingtheworld
3、Elaborateonthejoinedbattle:
•WHOestablishedanewdivisiondevotedtoworldwidesurveillanceandcontrolof
emergingdiseaseinOctober1995.
•CDClaunchedapreventionstrategyin1994.
-Congressraisedfundfrom$6.7millionin1995to$26millionin1997.
4、Thebordersaremeaninglesstopathogenicmicrobes,whichcantravelfromonecountrytoanotherremotecountryinaveryshorttime.
5、TB:
-PrisonsandhomelesssheltersasidealplacesforTBspread
•Emergingofdrug-resistantstrainorevenmulti-drug-resistantstrain
•ArideontheHIVwAonbyattackingtheimmunocompromised
GroupAstrep:
•Achangeinvirulence
•Mutationintheexteriorofthebacterium
Flu:
Constantchangesinitscoat(surfaceantigens)andresultantchangesinitslevelofvirulence
6、Examples:
•ExperimentinEnglandisseeingthewaningimmunitybecauseofnovaccination.
-Duetopoorvaccinationefforts,thediphtheriasituationintheformerSovietUnionisserious.f
•ThevaccinationratesaredroppinginsomeAmericancities,anditwillleadtomorediphtheriaandwhoopingcough.
7、Thefourareasoffocus:
•Theneedforsurveillance
•Updatedsciencecapableofdealingwithdiscoveriesinthefield
-Appropriatepreventionandcontrol
•Strongpublichealthinfrastructure
8、TheinfectiousdiseasessuchasTB,flu,diphtheriaandscarletfeverwillneverreallygoaway,andthewaragainstthemwillneverend.
Unit3
1、Teny'slifebefore
•ShelovedpracticingTaeKwonDo
•Shelovedthesurgeofadrenalinethatcamewiththecontrolledcombatoftournaments.
•Shecompetednationally,evenwonbronzemedalinthetrialsforthePanAmericanGames.
•Sheattendedmedicalschool,practicedasaninternalmedicineresident,andbecameanacademicgeneralinternist.
•Shegotmarriedandgotasonandadaughter.
2、ThesymptomsofMSandautoimmunedisease:
•Lossofstaminaandstrength
•Problemswithbalance
•Boutsofhorrificfacialpain
•Dipsinvisualacuity
3、Terrydidthefollowingbeforesheself-experimented:
•Shestartedinjections.
•Sheadoptedmanypharmacotherapies.
•Shebeganherownstudyofliterature:
»ShereadarticlesonwebsitessuchasPubMed.
»ShesearchedforarticlestestingnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels.
»Sheturnedtoarticlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes——dementia,
Parkinson'sdisease,Huntington^disease,andLouGehrig'sdisease.
»Sherelearnedbasicsciencessuchascellularphysiology,biochemistry,andneurophysiology.
4、ApproachesTerrymainlyused:
•Self-experimentationwithvariousnutrientstoslowneurodegenerationbasedonliteraturereportsonanimalmodels
-Self-experimentationwithneuromuscularelectricalstimulationwhichisnotanapprovedtreatmentforMS
•Onlinesearchtoidentifythesourcesofmicronutrientsandhavinganewdiet
•Reductionoffoodallergiesandtoxicload
5、Casesmentionedinthetext:
-Increasedmercurystoresinthebrainsofpeoplewithdentalfillings
•HighlevelsoftheherbicideatrazineinprivatewellsinIowa
•Thestrongassociationbetweenpesticideexposureandneurodegeneration
•Theassociationofsinglenucleotidepolymorphismsinvolvingmetabolismofsulfurand/orBvitamins
•Inefficientclearingoftoxins
6、With70%to90%oftheriskfordiabetes,heartdisease,cancer,andautoimmunitybeingduetoenvironmentalfactorsotherthanthegenes,wecantakemanyhealth
problemsandthehealthcarecrisisunderourcontrol,forexample,optimizingournutritionandreducingourtoxicload.
Unit4
1、Twoconcepts:
•Complementarymedicinereferstotheuseofconventionaltherapiestogetherwithalternativetreatmentssuchasusingacupunctureinadditiontousualcaretohelplessenpain.ComplementaryandalternativemedicineisshortenedasCAM.
-Alternativemedicinereferstohealingtreatmentsthatarenotpartofconventionaltherapies一likeacupuncture,massagetherapy,orherbalmedicine.Theyarecalledsobecausepeopleusedtoconsiderpracticesliketheseoutsidethemainstream.
2
•TCMdoesnotrequireadvanced,complicated,andinmostcases,expensivefacilities.
•TCMemploysneedles,cups,coins,tomentionbutafew.
•MostproceduresandoperationsofTCMarenoninvasive.
•Thesubstancesusedasmedicinearerawherbsorabstractsfromthem,andtheyareindeedallnatural,fromnature.
•TCMhasbeenpracticedaslongastheChinesehistory,sotheefficiencyisprovenandensured.
-Ongoingresearcharoundtheworldonacupuncture,herbs,massageandTaiChihaveshedlightonsomeofthetheoriesandpracticesofTCM
3^Itmaybeusedasanadjuncttreatment,analternative,orpartofacomprehensivemanagementprogramforanumberofconditions:
post-operativeandchemotherapy
inducednauseaandvomiting,post-operativedentalpain,addiction,strokerehabilitation,headache,menstrualcramps,tenniselbow,fibromyalgia,myofascialpain,osteoarthritis,lowbackpain,carpaltunnelsyndrome,andasthma.
4、Awell-justifiedNO:
•Moreintenseresearchtouncoveradditionalareasfortheuseofacupuncture
•Higheradoptionofacupunctureasacommontherapeuticmodalitynotonlyintreatmentbutalsoinpreventionofdiseaseandpromotionofwellness
-Explorationandperfectionofinnovativemethodsofacupuncturepointstimulationwithtechnologicaladvancement
•Improvedunderstandingofneuroscienceandotheraspectsofhumanphysiologyandfunctionbybasicresearchonacupuncture
•Greaterinterestbystakeholders
•Anincreasingnumberofphysicianacupuncturists
5、
-Appropriateusesofherbsdependonproperguidance:
»ProperTCMdiagnosisofthezhengofthepatient
»Correctselectionofthecorrespondingtherapeuticstrategiesandprinciplesthatguidethechoiceofherbsandherbalformulas
•Digressionfromeitheroftheaboveguidencewillleadtomisusesofherbs,andwillresultincomplicationsinpatient
6、
•Randomizedcontrolledtrials
Advantages:
»Eliminationofthepotentialbiasintheallocationofparticipantstotheinterventiongrouporcontrolgroup
»Tendencytoproducecomparablegroups
»Guaranteedvalidityofstatisticaltestsofsignificance
Limitations:
»Difficultyingeneralizingtheresultsobtainedfromtheselectedsamplingtothepopulationasawhole
»Apoorchoiceforresearchwheretemporalfactorsareanissue
»Extremelyheavyresources,requiringverylargesamplegroups
•Quasi-experiments
Advantages:
»Controlgroupcomparisonspossible
»Reducedthreatstoexternalvalidityasnaturalenvironmentsdonotsuffer
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 学术英语医学 学术 英语 医学 课后 答案 docx
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)