职称英语完形填空WORD.docx

职称英语完形填空WORD.docx

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职称英语完形填空WORD

AlifewithBirds

Fornear17yearsDavidCopehasworkedasoneoftheTowerofLondon’sYeomanWarders,betterknowntotouristsasBeefearters.David64,livesinathree-bedroomedflatrightatthetopoftheByeardTower,oneofthegatehouses.“FromourbedroomwehaveamarvelousviewofTowerBridgeandtheThames.”SaysDavid.

TheTowerofLondonisfamousforitsravens,thelargeblackbirdswhichhavelivedthereforoverthreecenturies.DavidwasimmediatelyfascinatebythebirdsandwhenhewasofferedthepostofRavenMastereightyearsagohehadnohesitationinacceptingit.“ThebirdshavenowbecomemylifeandI’malwaysawareofthefactthatIammaintainingatradition.ThelegendsaysthatiftheravenleavetheTower,Englandwillfalltoenemies,andit’smyjobtomakesurethisdoesn’thappen.

Daviddevotesaboutfourhoursadaytothecareoftheravens.Hehasgrowntolovethemandthefactthathelivesrightnexttothemisideal.“Icankeepacloseeyeonthemallthetime,andnotjustwhenI’mworking.’Atfirst,Cavid’swifeMowasnotkeenontheideaoflifeintheTower,butshetoowillbesadtoleavewhenheretiresnextyear.”Whenwelookoutofourwindowsweseehistoryallaroundus,andwearetakingitinandstoringitupforfuturememories.

ALuckyBreak

ActorAntonioBanderasisusedtobreakinghones,anditalwaysseemstohappenwhenhe’sdoingsport.InthefilmPlayittotheBoneheplaysthepartofamiddleweightboxeralongsideWoodyHarrelson.DuringthemakingofthefilmHarrelsonkeptcomplainingthatthefightscenesweren’tveryconvincing,soonedayhesuggestedthatheandBanderasshouldhaveafightforreal.TheSpanishactorwasn’tkeenontheideaatfirst,buthewaseventuallypersuadedbyhisco-startoputonhisglovesandclimbintotheboxingring.However,whenherealizedhowseriouslyhisopponentwastakingitall,hebegantoregrethisdecisiontofight.Andtheninthethirdround,HarrelsonhitBanderassohardinthefacethatheactuallybrokehisnose.Hiswife,actressMelanieGriffith,wasfuriousthathehadbeenplaying“sillymachogames”.“Shewasright”,confessesBanders,“andIwasafooltotakearisklikethatinthemiddleofamovie.”

HewasremindedofthetimehebrokehislegduringafootballmatchinhisnativeMalaga.Hehadalwaysdreamedofbecomingasoccerstar,ofperforminginfrontofabigcrowd,butdoctorstoldhishisplayingupacting:

Isawitasanotherwayofperforming,andachievingrecognition.Whathappenedtomeonthatfootballpitchwas,youmightsay,myfirstluckybreak.”

GlobalWarming

Fewpeoplenowquestiontherealityofglobalwarminganditseffectsontheworld’sclimate.Manyscientistputtheblameforrecentnaturaldisastersontheincreaseintheworld’stemperaturesandareconvincedthatmorethaneverbefore,theEarthisatriskfromtheforcesofthewind,rainandsun.Accordingtothem,globalwarmingismakingextremeweatherevents,suchashurricanesanddroughts,evenmoresevereandcausingsealevelsallaroundtheworldtorise.

Environmentalgroupsareputtingpressureongovernmentstotakeactiontoreducetheamountofcarbondioxidewhichisgivenoffbyfactoriesandpowerplants,thusattackingtheproblematitssource.Theyareinfavorofmoremoneybeingspentonresearchintosolar,windandwaveenergydevices,whichcouldthenreplaceexistingpowerstations.

Somescientists,however,believethatevenifwestoppedreleasingcarbondioxideandothergasesintotheatmospheretomorrow,wewouldhavetowaitseveralhundredyearstonoticetheresults.Globalwarming,itseems,isheretostay.

ASuccessStory

At19,BenWayisalreadyamillionaire,andoneofagrowingnumberofteenagerswhohavemadetheirfortunethroughtheInternet.WhatmakesBen’sstoryallthemoreremarkableisthatheisdyslexic,andwastoldbyteachersathisjuniorschoolthathewouldneverbeabletoreadorwriteproperly.“Iwantedtoprovethemwrong”.SaysBen,creatoranddirectorofWaysearch,anetsearchenginewhichcanbeusedtofindgoodsinonlineshoppingmalls.

Whenhewaseight,hislocalauthoritiesprovidedhimwithaPCtohelpwithschoolwork.Althoughhewasunabletoreadthemanuals,hehadanaturalabilitywiththecomputer,andencouragedbyhisfather,hesoonbeganchargingpeople$10andhourforhisknowledgeandskills.Attheageof15hesetuphiscomputerconsultancyQuadComputer,whichheranfromhisbedroom,andtwoyearslaterheleftschooltodevoteallhistimetobusiness.

“BythistimethecompanyhadgrownandIneededtotakeonacoupleofemployeestohelpme”,saysBen.“Thatenabledmetostartdoingbusinesswithbiggercompanies.”ItwashisabilitytoconsistentlyovercomedifficultchallengesthatledhimwintheYoungEntrepreneuroftheYearawardinthesameyearthatheformedWaysearch,andhehasrecentlysignedadealworth$25millionwithaprivateinvestmentcompany,whichwillfinancehissearchengine.

TrafficinOurCities

Thevolumeoftrafficinmanycitiesintheworldtodaycontinuestoexpand.Thiscausesmanyproblems,includingseriousairpollution,lengthydelays,andthegreaterriskofaccidents.Clearly,somethingmustbedone,butitisoftendifficulttopersuadepeopletochangetheirhabitsandleavetheircarathome.

Onepossibleapproachistomakeitmoreexpensiveforpelpletousetheircarsbyincreasingchargesforparkingandbringingintougherfinesforanyonewhobreaksthelaws.Inaddition,driverscouldberequiredtopayforusingparticularroutesatdifferenttimesoftheday.Thissystem,knownas“roadpricing”,isalreadyintroducedinanumberofcities,usingaspecialelectroniccardfixedtothewindscreenofcar.

Anotherwayofdealingwiththeproblemistoprovidecheapparkingontheoutskirtofthecity,andstrictlycontrolthenumberofvehiclesallowedintothecentre.Driverandtheirpassengersthenuseaspecialbusserviceforthefinalstageoftheirjourney.

Ofcourse,themostimportantthingistoprovidegoodpublictransport.However,togetpeopletogiveupthecomfortoftheircars,publictransportmustbefeltbereliable,convenientandcomfortable,withfareskeptatanacceptablelevel.

TeachingandLearning

Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudent.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudenttobefamiliarwiththeinformationinthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.Theidealstudentisconsideredtobeonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearning,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.Sometimeshomeworkisreturnedwithbriefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiventhestudentisresponsibleforlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchisassign,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwithminimumguidance.Itisthestudent’sresponsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplainhowauniversitylibraryworks;theyexpectstudentsparticularlygraduatestudentstoexhaustthereferencesourcesinthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,butpreferthattheirstudentsshouldnotbetoodependentonthem.IntheUnitedStatesprofessorshavemanyotherdutiesbesidesteaching,suchasadministrativeorresearchwork.Therefore,thetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassislimited.Ifasstudenthasproblemswithclassroomwork,thestudentshouldeitherapproachaprofessorduringofficehoursormakeanappointment.

TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer

Whatmakespeopledifferentfromcomputerprograms?

Whatisthemissingelementthatourtheoriesdon'tyet

（1）accountfor?

Theanswerissimple:

Peoplereadnewspaperstoriesforareason:

tolearnmoreabout

（2）whattheyareinterestedin.Computers,ontheotherhand,don't.Inputerdon't（3）evenhaveinterests;thereisnothinginparticularthattheyaretryingtofindoutwhentheyread.Ifacomputer（4）programistobeamodelofstoryunderstanding,itshouldalsoreadfora"purpose".

Ofcourse,peoplehaveseveralgoalsthatsonotmake（5）sensetoattributetocomputers.Onemightreadarestaurantguide（6）inordertosatisfyhungerorentertainmentgoels,orto（7）findagoodplacetogoforabusinesslunch.Computersdonotgethungry,andcomputersdonothavebusinesslunches.

However,thesephysiologicalandsocialgoalsgive（8）risetoseveralintellectualorcognitivegoals.Agoaltosatisfyhungergivesrisetogoalstofind（9）informationaboutthenameofarestaurantwhich（10）servesthedesiredtypeoffood,howexpensivetherestaurantis,thelocationoftherestaurant,etc.Thesearegoalsto（11）acquireinformationorknowledge,whatwearecalling（12）learninggoals,Thesegoalscanbeheldbycomputerstoo;acomputer（13）might"want"tofindoutthelocationofarestaurant,andreadaguideinordertodoso（14）inthesamewayasapersonmight.Whilesuchagoalwouldnot（15）ariseoutofhungerinthecaseofthecomputer,itmightwellariseoutofthe"goal"tolearnmoreaboutrestaurants.

LookonTheBrightSide

Doyoueverwishyouweremoreoptimistic,someonewhoalways

（1）ecpectedtobosuccessful?

Havingsomeonearoundwhoalways

（2）fearstheworstisn'treallyalotof（3）fun.Weallknowsomeonewhoseesasinglecloudonasunnydayandsays."Itlooks（4）likerain."Butifyoucatchyourselfthinkingsuchthings,it'simportanttodosomething（5）aboutit.

Youcanchangeyourviewoflife,（6）accordingtopsych