完整版高考阅读理解题型观点态度题详解及练习.docx
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完整版高考阅读理解题型观点态度题详解及练习.docx
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完整版高考阅读理解题型观点态度题详解及练习
后面有练习
最后是练习的答案,包括词汇和难点解析。
都是我一个一个字打上去的
高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下:
(1)理解主旨和要义
(2)理解文中具体信息(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度(5)理解文章的基本结构
对应有
(1)主旨大意题
(2)细节与推理判断题(3)词义猜测提(4)观点态度题(5)篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。
今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题
例一、[2009年陕西卷]“Oldwives’tales”arebeliefspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Forexample,mostofusrememberourparents’tellingustoeatmoreofcertainfoodsornottodocertainthings.Isthereanytruthintheseteachings?
Someofthemagreewithpresentmedicalthinking,butothershavenotpassedthetestoftime.
Didyourmotherevertellyoutoeatyourcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodforyoureyes?
Scientistsnowreportthateatingcarrotscanhelppreventaseriouseyediseasecalledmaculardegeneration….
Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulatedfromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare.…
54.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward“oldwives’tales”inthetext?
A.SubjectiveB.ObjectiveC.DissatisfiedD.Curious
例二、Theinternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景),createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That,atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipswithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.
Theproblemistwofold(双重的).First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest(投入)inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhat’sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline(减弱)untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”.
Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn’tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomoretotheothersideoftheworld.
Inonesense,that’sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethem,thencertainlyyouaren’tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn’tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother,facetoface.Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend,butitwon’tstopthathappeningeventually.
75、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseoftheinternettostrengthenrelationships?
A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heishopefulofit.
C.Heapprovesofit.D.Hedoubtsit.
例三、Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.
30、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?
A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive
引类问题的几种提问方式
(1)What’sthewriter’sattitudeto…?
(2)What’sthetoneofthepassage?
(3)Theauthor’sviewis_______
(4)Thewriter’sattitudeof.thispassageisapparently_________
(5)Theauthor’sopinioncouldbebestdescribedas_________
(6)WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbeLEAST/MOSTlikelytoagreewith?
(7)Whichofthefollowingstatementsindicatestheauthor’sattitudetoward____?
推测作者的写作意图时,必须要先了解文章的主题,然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。
故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者;广告类英文文的目的一般是为了推销产品或者服务;议论文的目的是要阐述观点;科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识,帮助大家广文博见。
大家做题之前,应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。
表示客观的词:
objective,impartial,neutral(中立的),disinterested无私的unbiased没有偏见的unprejudiced公平的,无偏见的factual事实的,实际的informative提供信息的
主观的/偏见的:
subjective,prejudiced,biased,partial
漠不关心:
Indifferent,uninterested,carefree,detached,unconcerned
困惑、迷茫不知所措的:
confused,perplexed,puzzled,ambiguous
感情色彩深、程度深:
enthusiastic,strong,completely,radical
程度较浅,谨慎的:
preserved,qualified,tempered,guarded
积极意义的:
positive肯定的,积极的favorable赞成的,有利的consent赞成,同意supportive支持的,支援的defensive辩护的,保卫的optimistic乐观的confident自信的,确信的respectful尊敬的approval赞成,承认sympathetic赞成,支持humorous幽默的sober清醒的
消极意义的:
negative否定的,消极的critical批评的sarcastic(讽刺的)worried焦虑的,担心的pessimistic悲观的apprehensive忧虑的opposed反对的suspicious怀疑的doubtful可疑的,不确定的ironic说反话的,讽刺的disapproval不赞成objection反对,不赞成opposition反对criticism批评,批判indignant气愤的
做观点态度题时要注意:
1.注意不要把我们自己的好恶态度糅进其中,不要用带有主观倾向的视角评判作者态度。
2.作者引用别人的观点时,我们勿必分辨清楚作者引用的观点是作为支持还是反对的例证,要注意区分作者本人的态度和作者引用的观点的态度。
3.有作者观点、态度是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定。
对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠、憎恨。
作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩旺旺隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中。
因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或者副词如:
fortunately,excessively,toomany等
练习
一、YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpoverty(贫困)andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses,Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld’smostpromising“changemakers”seekingtosolve(解决)urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.
75、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsAshoka’sprogramcanbedescribedas.
A.changingB.forgivingC.cautiousD.positive
二、[2009年浙江卷]FourpeopleinEngland,backin1953,staredatphoto51.Itwasn’tmuch-–apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed—theshapeofDNA.ThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWillkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.
HernamewasRosalindFranklin.“ifherphotohadn’tbeenthere,theotherscouldn’thavecomeupwiththestructure.”onereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitions.
…
WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,”…
AsFranklin’scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers…Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinswasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”
No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”…
64.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?
ADisapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.
三、[2009全国I卷]
WespentabouttwohoursinNancy,thensailedontheCanaldelaMarneauRhine.Kindofalazyday,eatingbreakfast,lunch,anddinner.AfterdinnerwewatchedatapeonBaccarat,wherewewillvisittomorrow.
Itwaspleasanttositoutondeck(甲板)andwatchthescenerygobyatabout3mph.
TodaywesailedfromSchneckenbushtoSaverne.Wewentthroughtwocaves,anextremelyunusualpartofthejourney.Thisriversceneryisverydifferent.Wewereinamountainvalleywithgrasslandononesideandaforestbeginningtoshowsomecolorontheother.
79.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthetour?
A.Tiring.B.Expensive.C.Enjoyable.D.Quick.
四、Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?
Somepsychologists(心理学家)suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people'sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival(生存).
Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.
Thewriterofthetexthasa____attitudetowardsdangeroussports.
A.positive(肯定的)B.negative(否定的)C.neutral(中立的) D.Nervous
五、Well,IhadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifAlexcouldjogeveryday,anyonecould.SoItookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife,andnotadaymore.Basedonmyexperience,joggingisthemostovervaluedformofexercisearound.Andjudgingfromthenumberofthepeoplewholeftourneighborhoodjoggingarmy,I'mnotaloneinmyopinion.(2008年浙江卷D篇)
54.Whatwasthewriter’sattitudetowardsjogginginthebeginning?
A.Hefeltitwasworthatry.
B.Hewasveryfondofit.
C.Hewasstronglyagainstit.
D.Hethoughtitmustbepainful.
六、[2009年浙江卷]InancientEgypt,thepharaoh(法老)treatedthepoormessagerunnerlikeaprincewhenhearrivedatthepalace,ifhebroughtgoodnews.However,iftheexhaustedrunnerhadthemisfortunetobringthepharaohunhappynews,hisheadwascutoff.
Shadesofthatspiritspreadovertoday’sconversations.OnceafriendandIpackedupsomepeanutbutterandsandwichesforanouting.Aswewalkedlight-heartedlyoutthedoor,picnicbasketinhand,asmilingneighborloo
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