国际经济学题库英文版.docx
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国际经济学题库英文版.docx
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国际经济学题库英文版
PartⅠ.Fillintheblankwithsuitablecontent.
1.Seventhemesrecurthroughoutthestudyofinternationaleconomics.Thesearethegainsfromtrade,thepatternoftrade,protectionismthebalanceofpayments,exchangeratedetermination,internationalpolicycoordination,internationalcapitalmarket.
2.Countriesengageininternationaltradefortwobasicreasons:
comparativeadvantage
andeconomicsofscale.
3.Acountryhasacomparativeadvantageinproducingagoodiftheopportunitycost
ofproducingthatgoodintermsofothergoodsislowerinthatcountrythanitisinothercountries.
4.Laboristheonlyonefactorofproduction.
、
and
、
aretheunitlaborrequirementincheeseandwineatHomeandForeign,respectively.IfaLC/aLW / istherelativepriceofcheese,whenaLC/aLW 5.Laboristheonlyonefactorofproduction. 、 and 、 aretheunitlaborrequirementincheeseandwineatHomeandForeign,respectively.LandL*areHome’sandForeign’slaborforce.If / < / < / theworldrelativesupplyofcheeseequals〔L/aLC〕/(L*/aLW*).Home’sgainsfromindirectlyproducingwinecanbeshownas(1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)-1/aLW 6.Inspecificfactorsmodel(QM=QM(K,LM);QF=QF(T,LF);L=LM+LF),ifHomeproducesandtradesmanufacturedgoodsforfood,theoverallcomparisonofthefivechangerateofgoodspriceandfactorprice 、 、 、 、 insideHomeis .Thatis,therealincomeofcapitalistsincrease,itcanbeshownas . 7.Therearetwomainreasonswhyinternationaltradehasstrongeffectsonthedistributionofincome.First,resourcescan’tmoveimmediatelyorcostlesslyformoneindustrytoanother SecondIndustriesdifferinthefactorsofproductiontheydemand. 8.IntheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,Comparativeadvantageisinfluencedbytheinteractionbetween relativeabundanceandrelativeintensity 9.Accordingtostolper-sammelsoneffectiftherelativepriceofagoodrises,therealincomeofthefactorwhichintensivelyusedinthatgoodwillrise,whiletherealincomeoftheotherfactorwillfall. 10.Accordingto罗布津斯基效应Rybczynskieffect,atunchangedrelativegoodsprice,ifthesupplyofafactorofproductionincreases,theoutputofthegoodthatareintensiveinthatfactorwillrise,whiletheoutputoftheothergoodwillfall. 11.AccordingtoH-O模型H-Oproposition,ownersofacountry’sabundantfactorsgainfromtrade,butownersofacountry’sscarefactorslose. 12.Accordingto要素价格均等化命题Factorpriceequalizationproposition,internationaltradeproducesaconvergence〔收敛〕ofrelativegoodsprices.Thisconvergence,inturns,causestheconvergenceoftherelativefactorprices.Tradeleadstocompleteequalizationoffactorprices.〔完整的要素价格均等化〕 13.Threeassumptions〔假设〕crucialtothepredictionoffactorpriceequalizationareinrealityuntrue.Theseassumptionsare (1)两个国家都生产两种产品bothcountriesproducebothgoods (2)两国技术一样technologiesarethesame(3)存在贸易壁垒: 天然壁垒和人为壁垒Therearebarrierstotrade: naturalbarriersandartificialbarriers. 14.“U.S.exportswerelesscapital-intensivethanU.S.imports〞isknownas里昂惕夫悖论Leontiefparadox. 15.TheRicardianModel,theSpecificFactormodelandtheH-Omodelmaybeviewedasspecialcases〔特殊情况〕of标准贸易模型standardtrademodels 16.Thestandardtrademodelderives〔派生推导〕aworldrelativesupplycurve〔曲线〕fromproductionpossibilitiesandaworldrelativedemandcurvefrompreferences. 17.Toexport-biasedgrowth,ifthedecline〔下降〕ofthewelfarecausedbythedeterioration〔恶化〕ofthetermsoftradeswapover〔交换〕theriseofthewelfarecausedbygrowth,thegrowthisimmiserizinggrowth(贫困化增长). 18.Someeconomistsarguedthatexport-biasedgrowthbypoornationswouldworsentheirtermoftradesomuchthattheywouldbeworseoffthaniftheyhadnotgrownatall.Thissituationisknownasimmiserizinggrowth(贫困化增长). 19.Immiserizinggrowthdemandsstrictconditions,theseconditionsareeconomicgrowthisstronglyexport-biased,thegrowingcountryislargeenoughtoaffecttheworldprice,RSandRDmustbeverysteep. 20.Accordingto“梅茨勒悖论Metzleparadox〞,tariffsandexportsubsidies〔补贴〕mighthaveperverse〔有害的〕effectsoninternalprice. 21.Inthemodelof“Monopolistic〔垄断〕CompetitionandTrade〞,firmsofanindividualnationfacethetrade-offbetweeneconomiesofscaleandvarietyofproducts. 22.Marshallarguedthattherewerethreemainreasonswhyaclusteroffirms〔企业集群〕maybemoreefficientthananindividualfirminisolation: specializedsupplies,labormarketpooling,knowledgespillovers(知识溢出) 23.Thepatternofintraindustry〔产业内〕tradeitselfisunpredicted,historyandaccidentdeterminethedetailsofthetradepattern. 39.Whenthereisexternaleconomies〔外部经济〕,thepatternofinternationaltradeisdeterminedbyeconomicsofscaleinteractwithcomparativeadvantage. 24.Theindexes〔指标〕ofintrainindustrytradeofaindustrycanbecalculatedbythestandardformula: 25.Interindustrytradeandintrainindustry〔产业内〕tradearethesourcesofgainsfromtrade.Whencountriesaresimilarintheirrelativefactorsupplies、scaleeconomiesandproductdifferentiationsareimportant,intrainindustrytradeisthedominantsource〔主要来源〕ofgainsfromtrade,everyonegainsfromtrade. 26.Theargumentoftemporary〔暂时的〕protectionofindustriestoenablethemtogainexperienceisknownas幼稚产业论theinfantindustryargument 27.Ifweaddtogetherthegainsandlossesfromatariff,Wefindtheneteffectonnationalwelfarecanbeseparatedintotwoparts: termsoftradegainandefficiencyloss 28.Whydocountriesadopttradepoliciessuchastarifforimportquota,whichproducemorecoststhanbenefits? ——tradepolitics 29.Inthepoliticaleconomyoftradepolicy〔贸易政策的政治经济学〕,governmentareassumedto〔被假定为〕maximize政治成功politicalsuccessratherthan国家福利nationalwelfare. 30.Deviationsfromfreetradecansometimesincreasenationalwelfare.Theseargumentsincludethetermoftradeargumentforatariffandthedomesticmarketfailureargument 31.Accordingto“Specificrule(对症规那么)〞,domesticmarketfailureshouldbecorrectedbydomesticpoliciesaimeddirectlyattheproblem’ssources. 32.Althoughmarketfailuresareprobablycommon,thedomesticmarketfailureargumentagainstfreetradeshouldnotbeappliedtoofreely.Firstdomesticmarketfailureshouldbecorrectedbydomesticpoliciesaimeddirectlyattheproblems’sources;Secondeconomistscannotdiagnosemarketfailurewellenoughtoprescribepolicy. 33.Internationaltradeoftenproduceslosersaswellaswinners.Intheactualpoliticsoftradepolicy,incomedistributionisofcrucialimportance.集体行动问题Theproblemofcollectiveactioncanexplainwhypoliciesthatnotonlyseemtoproducemorecoststhanbenefitsbutthatalsoseemtohurtfarmorevotersthemtheycanhelpcannonethelessbeadopted. 34.TheWTOincludesfouraspectscontent: GATT1994,GATS,TRIPS,TRIMS 35.“Nondiscriminatory〞principles〔非歧视性原那么〕includemostfavorednationprincipleandnationaltreatmentprinciple 36.Forpreferential〔优惠〕tradingagreements,suchascustomsunion,countriesmustcedepartoftheirsovereigntytosupranationalentity〔必须放弃局部主权的超国家实体〕 37.Whetheracustomsunion〔关税同盟〕isdesirable〔可取〕orundesirabledependsonwhetheritlargelyleadstotradecreationortradediversion. 38.Tradepolicyindevelopingcountriesisconcernedwithtwoobjectives〔涉及两个目标〕: promotingindustrializationandCopingwiththeproblemofthedualeconomy. 39.Tradepolicyindevelopingcountriesisconcernedwithtwoobjectives: promoting industrializationandcopingwiththeproblemsofthedualeconomy.Correspondingly,therearetwomainargumentsfordevelopingcountriestopursuepolicyofimport-substitutingindustrialization.Thetwoargumentsaretheinfantindustryargumenttandmarketfailurejustificationforinfantindustryprotection. 40.Sophisticatedproponentsoftheinfantindustryargumenthaveidentifiedtwomarketfailuresasreasonswhyinfantindustryprotectionmaybeagoodidea: TheimperfectcapitalmarketsjustificationandTheappropriabilityargument. PartⅡ.TrueorFalse(trueandfalsearedenotedby“T〞and“F〞,respectively) 1.IfaLW*/aLC* 2.AccordingtotheRicardianmodel,itispreciselybecausetherelativewageisbetweentherelativeproductivitiesthateachcountryendsupwithacostadvantageinonegood.Thegoodforwhich / > / willbeproducedinForeign.(F) 3.Itispreciselybecausetherelativewageisbetweentherelativeproductivitiesthateachcountryendsupwithacostadvantageinonegood.(T) 4.Long-runconvergence(长期收敛)inproductivity〔生产力〕produceslong-runconvergenceinwages.(T) 5.“Koreanworkersearnonly$2.50anhour;ifweallowKoreatoexportasmuchasitlikestotheUnitedStates,ourworkerswillbeforceddowntothesamelevel.Youcan’timporta$5shirtwithoutimportingthe$2.50wagethatgoeswithit.〞(F) 6.Thepropositionthattradeisbeneficialisunqualified(不合格).Thatis,thereisnorequirementthatacountrybe“competitive〞orthatthetradebe“fair〞.(T) 7.Freetradeisbeneficialonlyifyourcountryisstrongenoughtostanduptoforeigncompetition.(F) 8.Foreigncompetitionisunfairandhurtsothercountrieswhenitisbasedonlowwages.〔F〕 9.Tradeexploitsacountryandmakeitworseoffifitsworkersreceivemuchlowerwagethanworkersinothernations.(F) 10.TheRicardianModelpredictsanextremedegree(预测一个极端的程度)ofspecialization(专业化).(T) 11.TheRicardianModelneglects(忽略)theeffectsonincomedistribution.(T) 12.ThebasicpredictionoftheRicardianmodelhasbeenstronglyconfirmedbyanumberofstudiesoverye
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