R中包的操作.docx
- 文档编号:24798146
- 上传时间:2023-06-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:16
- 大小:54.13KB
R中包的操作.docx
《R中包的操作.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《R中包的操作.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
R中包的操作
R语言中包的操作
1.列出包所在库的路径
.libPaths()
[1]"C:
/ProgramFiles/R/R-3.0.2/library"
列出一个特定包的安装路径:
a<-.libPaths("maps");a
2.安装包,括号里面包的名称要加英文引号,在列出的CRAN镜像站点列表中选择一个进行下载,我一般选的是China(Hefei)
install.packages("packagesname")
例如,install.packages("ggplot2")
R包的指定位置安装:
install.packages("包名字",lib="安装目录",repos="包所在的网址))
nstall.packages("packagesname",lib=D:
\\......,repos=)
R包指定安装位置引用:
使用.libPaths()函数添加包路径:
.libPaths("myLibPath");
library("mypackage")
通过以上2步,就可以调用安装在myLibPath路径下的mypackage;
3.包的载入library()或require(),安装完包后,需要加载才能使用其中的函数,此时括号中不使用引号。
两者的不同之处在于library()载入之后不返回任何信息,而require()载入后则会返回TRUE,因此require()适合用于程序的书写。
例如
library(ggplto2)
>require(foreign)
Loadingrequiredpackage:
foreign
> is.logical(require(foreign))
[1]TRUE
4.包的更新
update.packages()
5.包的帮助信息格式如下,可以查看包中的函数以及说明
help(package="ggplot2")
6.查看本地的包
6.1查看默认加载的包,忽略基本的包
getOption("defaultPackages")
>getOption("defaultPackages")
[1]"datasets""utils""grDevices""graphics""stats""methods"
[7]"ggplot2"
6.2查看当前已经加载过的包
(.packages())
[1]"ggplot2""stats""graphics""grDevices""utils""datasets""methods""base"
6.3要显示所有可用的包
(.packages(all.available=TRUE))
>(.packages(all.available=TRUE))
[1]"abind""agricolae""aplpack""base""bitops"
[6]"boot""car""caTools""class""cluster"
[11]"codetools""colorRamps""colorspace""compiler""datasets"
[16]"Defaults""devtools""dichromat""digest""doBy"
[21]"e1071""effects""ellipse""evaluate""foreign"
[26]"formatR""Formula""gdata""ggplot2""ggthemes"
[31]"gmodels""gplots""graphics""grDevices""grid"
[36]"gtable""gtools""highr""Hmisc""httr"
[41]"KernSmooth""knitr""labeling""lattice""latticeExtra"
[46]"leaps""lme4""lmtest""LSD""manipulate"
[51]"markdown""MASS""Matrix""matrixcalc""memoise"
[56]"methods""mgcv""minqa""multcomp""munsell"
[61]"mvtnorm""nlme""nnet""nortest""parallel"
[66]"pixmap""plyr""proto""psych""quantmod"
[71]"Rcmdr""RColorBrewer""Rcpp""RcppEigen""RCurl"
[76]"relimp""reshape2""rgl""rJava""RODBC"
[81]"rpart""rstudio""samplesize""sandwich""scales"
[86]"schoolmath""sciplot""sem""spatial""splines"
[91]"stats""stats4""stringr""survival""tcltk"
[96]"tcltk2""TH.data""tools""TTR""utils"
[101]"VennDiagram""whisker""XLConnect""xts""zoo"
7.卸载包detach(),这是library()的反向操作,此操作主要是为了避免某些包中的函数名称相同,造成冲突,注意与library()的参数不同,detach()参数为detach(package:
包的名称),library(包的名称)。
例如
>library(ggplot2)#加载包
>(.packages())#列出当前已经加载的包
[1]"ggplot2""stats""graphics""grDevices""utils""datasets"
[7]"methods""base"
>detach(package:
ggplot2)#卸载ggplot2包
>(.packages())#列出当前已经加载的包
[1]"stats""graphics""grDevices""utils""datasets""methods"
[7]"base"
8.自定义启动时候的加载包
如果需要长期使用某个包的话,每次开启都需要输入library(),比较麻烦,因此可以让R启动时自动加载某些包。
在R的安装目录/etc/Rprofile.site加入下载语句:
例如让R启动时自动加载ggplot2包
local({old<-getOption("defaultPackages")
options(defaultPackages=c(old,"ggplot2"))})
9.在文章中引用R软件包,例如引用ggplot2包:
citation(package="ggplot2")
Tociteggplot2inpublications,pleaseuse:
H.Wickham.ggplot2:
elegantgraphicsfordataanalysis.SpringerNew
York,2009.
ABibTeXentryforLaTeXusersis
@Book{,
author={HadleyWickham},
title={ggplot2:
elegantgraphicsfordataanalysis},
publisher={SpringerNewYork},
year={2009},
isbn={978-0-387-98140-6},
url={http:
//had.co.nz/ggplot2/book},
}
10.总结操作常用的命令:
查看已安装的包:
library()search():
安装好后,可以用来检验。
installed.packages()installed.packages()[1:
5,]
安装一个新包:
install.packages("packagesname")
更改包的默认安装路径:
默认路径目录为library.
install.packages("packagesname",lib="yourpath")
默认包的安装路径:
自定义一个安装包,并让第三方包都安在此目录下:
添加包的搜索路:
.libPaths(c(path1,path2))
.libPaths(c("D:
/ProgramFiles/R/R-3/library","D:
/ProgramFiles/R/Rpackages"))
去年自定义包的搜索路径:
.libPaths(c("D:
/ProgramFiles/R/R-3/library"))
卸载一个已安装的包:
(删除)
remove.packages("packagesname")
临时关闭一个包:
(不被访问)
detach("package:
names",unload=TRUE)
相似包有冲突函数:
(建议使用命名空间。
如mgcv有一个冲突函数)
mgcv:
:
functionname
查看包的版本:
installed.packages()
packageVersion("snow")
参见:
来源于:
http:
//www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/r/faq/packages.htm
HowcanImanageRpackages?
Risastatisticalsoftwaremadeupofmanyuser-writtenpackages.ThebaseversionofRthatisdownloadedallowstheusertogetstartedinR,butanyoneperformingdataanalysiswillquicklyexhaustthecapabilitiesofbaseRandneedtoinstalladditionalpackages.HerearesomebasiccommandsformanagingRpackages.
WhichpackagesdoIalreadyhave?
Toseewhatpackagesareinstalled,usethe installed.packages() command.Thiswillreturnamatrixwitharowforeachpackagethathasbeeninstalled.Below,welookatthefirst5rowsofthismatrix.
installed.packages()[1:
5,]
PackageLibPathVersionPriority
base"base""C:
/PROGRA~1/r/R-211~1.1/library""2.11.1""base"
boot"boot""C:
/PROGRA~1/r/R-211~1.1/library""1.2-42""recommended"
car"car""C:
/PROGRA~1/r/R-211~1.1/library""2.0-2"NA
class"class""C:
/PROGRA~1/r/R-211~1.1/library""7.3-2""recommended"
cluster"cluster""C:
/PROGRA~1/r/R-211~1.1/library""1.12.3""recommended"
DependsImportsLinkingTo
baseNANANA
boot"R(>=2.9.0),graphics,stats"NANA
car"R(>=2.1.1),stats,graphics,MASS,nnet,survival"NANA
class"R(>=2.5.0),stats,utils""MASS"NA
cluster"R(>=2.9.0),stats,graphics,utils"NANA
SuggestsEnhancesOS_typeLicenseBuilt
baseNANANA"PartofR2.11.1""2.11.1"
boot"survival"NANA"Unlimited""2.11.1"
car"alr3,leaps,lmtest,sandwich,mgcv,rgl"NANA"GPL(>=2)""2.11.1"
classNANANA"GPL-2|GPL-3""2.11.1"
clusterNANANA"GPL(>=2)""2.11.1"
Fromthisoutput,wewillfirstfocusonthe Package and Priority columns.The Package columngivesthenameofthepackageandthe Priority columnindicateswhatisneededtousefunctionsfromthepackage.
∙If Priority is"base",thenthepackageisalreadyinstalledandloaded,soallofitsfunctionsareavailableuponopeningR.
∙If Priority is"recommended",thenthepackagewasinstalledwithbaseR,butnotloaded.Beforeusingthecommandsfromthispackage,theuserwillhavetoloaditwiththe library command, e.g. library(boot).
∙If Priority isNA,thenthepackagewasinstalledbytheuser,butnotloaded.Beforeusingthecommandsfromthispackage,theuserwillhavetoloaditwiththe library command,i.e., library(car).
HaveIinstalledaspecificpackage?
Sometimes,youmightwanttoknowifyouhavealreadyinstalledaspecificpackage.Let'ssaywewanttocheckifwehaveinstalledthepackage"boot".Insteadofcheckingtheentirelistofinstalledpackages,wecandothefollowing.
a<-installed.packages()
packages<-a[,1]
is.element("boot",packages)
[1]TRUE
HowcanIaddordeletepackages?
Anypackagethatdoesnotappearintheinstalledpackagesmatrixmustbeinstalledandloadedbeforeitsfunctionscanbeused.Apackagecanbeinstalledusing install.packages("
Whatpackagesareavailable?
ThelistofavailableRpackagesisconstantlygrowing.Theactuallistcanbeobtainedusing available.packages().Thisreturnsamatrixwitharowforeachpackage.
p<-available.packages()
dim(p)
[1]255312
p[1:
5,]
PackageVersionPriorityDependsImports
ACCLMA"ACCLMA""1.0"NANANA
ADGofTest"ADGofTest""0.1"NANANA
AER"AER""1.1-7"NA"R(>=2.5.0),stats,car(>=2.0-1),Formula(>=0.2-0),\nlmtest,sandwich,strucchange,survival,zoo""stats"
AGSDest"AGSDest""1.0"NA"ldbounds"NA
AICcmodavg"AICcmodavg""1.11"NANANA
LinkingTo
ACCLMANA
ADGofTestNA
AERNA
AGSDestNA
AICcmodavgNA
Suggests
ACCLMANA
ADGofTestNA
AER"boot,dynlm,effects,foreign,ineq,KernSmooth,lattice,\nMASS,mlogit,nlme,nnet,np,plm,pscl,quantreg,ROCR,\nsampleSelection,scatterplot3d,systemfit,rgl,truncreg,\ntseries,urca"
AGSDestNA
AICcmodavg"lme4,MASS,nlme,nnet"
EnhancesOS_typeLicenseFileRepository
ACCLMANANA"GPL-2"NA"http:
//cran.stat.ucla.edu/bin/windows/contrib/2.11"
ADGofTestNANA"GPL"NA"http:
//cran.stat.ucla.edu/bin/windows/contrib/2.11"
AERNANA"GPL-2"NA"http:
//cran.stat.ucla.edu/bin/windows/contrib/2.11"
AGSDestNANA"GPL(>=2)"NA"http:
//cran.stat.ucla.edu/bin/windows/contrib/2.11"
AICcmodavgNANA"GPL(>=2)"NA"http:
//cran.stat.ucla.edu/bin/windows/contrib/2.11"
Thesefirstfive(of2,553)availablepackagesillustratethatthepackagenamesareoftenacronymsandrarelyrevealwhatthepackagefunctionsdo.Alistofthepackagesavailablethrough CRAN includingashortpackagedescriptioncanbefoundat CRAN'sContributedPackagespage.
Whatfunctionsanddatasetsareinapackage?
ItiseasytoaccesssomequickdocumentationforapackagefromRwiththe help command.ThisopensanRwindowwithpackageinformationfollowedbyalistoffunctionsanddatasets.
help(package="MASS")
Onceapackageisloaded,thehelpcommandcanalsobeusedwithallfunctionsanddatasetslistedhere, e.g. help(Null).
Howtocitethispage
Reportanerroronthispageorleaveacomment
Thecontentofthiswebsiteshouldnotbeconstruedasanendorsementofanyparticularwebsite,book,orsoftwareproductbytheUniversityofCalifornia.
来源于:
http:
//www.bu.edu/tech/support/research/software-and-programming/common-languages/r-basics/r-faq/对包的相关操作!
WhatversionofRdoIrun?
Youcanfindthisinformationbyrunning R.version.string attheRprompt:
#getversionofR
>R.version.string
[1]Rversion2.13.2(2011-09-30)
WhatRpackagesdoIalreadyhave?
Togetalistofinstalledpackages,execute library() attheRprompt.RwillfirstlistallthepackagesinstalledinyourlocalRdirectoryandt
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 操作