安徽省合肥市 高三第二次教学质量检测英语试题.docx
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安徽省合肥市 高三第二次教学质量检测英语试题.docx
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安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测英语试题
合肥市2019年高三第二次教学质量检测
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项
A
YoumighthaveheardalotaboutancienttownsandancientcitiesinChina.Here,welist
severalofthemostbeautifulancientvillagesinChina.
BaoshanStoneCity,YunnanProvince
BaoshaoStoneCitywasbuiltonahugemushroom-shapedrock,andonlyhasaboutone
hundredhouses.Thehousesarelaidoutinanorderlyway,builtontherock,andlinkedbystonesteps.TheNaxipeopletherestillleadanoriginallifeandgrowcropsinterraces(梯田);youcanexperiencethecolorfulcultureoftheNaxiethnic(民族的)groupthere.
TuvasVillageinKanas,Xinjiang
KanasTuvasVillageisnearthemysteriousLakeKanas.Thesmallvillageislocatedina
valley,andonlyhasabout80houses.TheseSwiss-stylewoodenhousesareallsurroundedby
woodenfences.Tuvasisanancientminoritygroup.Theytraditionallylivedashunter-gathers.
Youcanvisitalocalfamily,goherding(放牧)withthelocalsandexperiencethepeaceful
ancientvillagelife.
JiajuTibetanVillage,Danba,SichuanProvince
JiajuTibetanVillageisknownasthe"Tibetanfairyland".Itstandsonamountainslope,andconsistsofabout140houses.Theseuniquehousesareallbuiltwithcrown-shapedroofs,redeaves,andwhitewalls,whichmakethehouseslooklikelittlecastlesamongtheforest.
XijiangMiaoVillage,GuizhouProvince
Ifyou'reinterestedintheMiaoMinority,XijiangMiaoVillagecanbeagreatdestinationfordeepeningyourunderstandingofMiaohistoryandculture.It'sthelargestMiaovillageinChina,andnowhas1432householdswithapopulationofover5000,ofwhich99.5%areMiaoethnicgroup.It'salsofamousforthehousesbuiltonstilts(支柱)ofdifferentheights.
21.WhatcanyoudoinKanasTuvasVillage?
A.Hikeinterraces
B.Seehousesofaforeignstyle
C.Gohuntingwiththelocals.
D.Learnabouthousesbuiltonstilts
22.Wherecanyouadmirethehouseslikecastles?
A.InBaoshanStoneCity
B,InKanasTuvasVillage
C.InJiajuTibetanVillage
D.InXijiangMiaoVillage
23.Whatcanweinferaboutthevillagesmentionedinthetext?
A.Theyremainedsecrettotheoutsideworldinthepast
B.Theywereoriginallybuilttodefendtheirhomeland
C.Theyarestillcutoffanddifficulttoaccessnowadays
D.Theyaretheethnicvillageswithuniquearchitecture.
B
AsimpleprojecttohelpafamilyinneedstoppedLukeMickelsoninhistracks.In2012,heandhisfamilywereinspiredtobuildanddonateabunkbed,onebedontopoftheother,afterlearningtherewerelocalchildrenwhosleptonthefloor.Shockedtodiscoverhowwidespreadthisneedwasinhiscommunity,MickelsonfoundedSleepinHeavenlyPeace,anonprofitthatbuildsanddeliversbedstochildreninneed.
BomandraisedinIdaho,Mickelson,now41,hadathrivingcareer.Hecoachedhiskids’
sportsteamsandfishedinthenearbyriver.Butwhenhemetchildrenwhoweresleepingonthe
floor,hispeacefullifechangedcourse.
Usingsafetyguidelinesandhisdaughter’sbunkbedasamodel,Mickelsonstartedbuyingwoodandsuppliestobuildbedswithhisownmoney.Herecruitedfriendsandfamilymemberstohelparoundtheholidays.Aswordspread,interestandinvolvementfromhisandothercommunitiesflooded—alongwithMickelson'sbunkbedoutput."Thatfirstproject,webuilt11bunkbedsinmygarage,”hesaid."Thenextyear,wedid15.Thenitdoubledeveryyear.In2017,webuilt612bunkbeds.”
Withthemotto"Nokidsleepsonthefloorinourtown",thenonprofitanditsmorethan65brancheshavebuiltanddeliveredmorethan1,500freebedstochildrenacrossAmerica.But
alongwiththerapidgrowth,Mickelsonwasfacedwithatoughchoice:
advancinghiscareerorhisnonprofit.Hechosethelatterandwentfrommaking"greatmoneytozeromoney".He’sneverlookedback.“IfoundthattheneedIhaveisn’tfinancial,”hesaid."TheneedIhaveisseeingthejoyonkid’sfaces,knowingthatIcanmakeadifference.
24.WhydidMickelsonsetupSleepinHeavenlyPeace?
A.Tohelpthepoorchildren
B.Tomakeabigfortune
C.Toinspirehiscommunity
D.Togetmoredonations
25.WhatdoweknowaboutLukeMickelson?
A.Hehadhisownfishfarm.
B.Hechangedhiscareerfromtimetotime
C.Heusedtosleeponthefloorwhenhewasakid.
D.Heoriginallyhadarelaxingandpleasantlife
26.HowdidotherpeoplereacttoMickelson'sproject?
A.Theyshowedlittleinterestinit
B.Theyweresupportiveandinvolvedinit.
C.Theyweredoubtfulaboutthesafetyofthebunkbed.
D.Theyvolunteeredtobuybedswiththeirownmoney
27.WhatisMickelson'sattitudetothenonprofit?
A.Ambiguous.B.Defensive.C.CautiousD.Positive
C
Trees,someofthetallestintheworld,toweredaboveHannahGinffithsandhercolleagueseachmorningastheywalkeddeepintotherainforestintheMaliauBasininBomeo,wheretheyhadsetupasetofexperimentstolookattheecologicaleffectsofsmallcreatures:
termites(白蚁)。
Termitesgetabumrap.TheymakeheadlinesforchewingupbillionsofdollarsofpropertyeachyearintheU.S.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethingliketwopercentofglobalcarbon
emissions,simplyasaresultoftheirhugepopulationsandpreferenceforchewingthroughcarton-richmaterials.Awholeindustryisaimingatkillingthem.
Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems.Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropical(热带的)forests,termiteschewupfallenleavesanddeadwood,keepinghfallen
materialundercontrolandlettingnutrientsfromthedeadmaterialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals.Buttheydidn’tknowexactlyhowimportanttheinsectswereinkeepingtheforesthealthyandfunctional,sowheyremovetermitesfromaparticularspotintheforestandsawhowitresponded.
Asluckwouldhaveit.HannahGriffithsandhercolleaguesstartedtheirexperimentwhentheforestwashitbyanextremedrought(干旱).Duringthenon-droughtyears,theysawthere
wasn’tmuchdifferencebetweenthenormalplotsandtheoneswherethey’dremovedthe
termites.Butduringthedrought,theeffectsweremarked.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:
in
thetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreeseedlingssprouted(抽芽),andthe
systemwasfullofactivitydespitethelong,harddryspell.
ForGriffiths,itwasonlybecausetheyhappenedtostudythedroughtthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystem,shepointsout."Andthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,”shesays,“becauseitmakesmethink,well,whatelsedontweknow?
Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,wedon’tknowwhatthatwilldo.”
28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“abumrap”underlinedinParagraph2?
A.Unfairblame
B.Widepopularity.
C.Publicattention
D.Specialpreference
20.Whathavescientistslearnedabouttermites?
A.Theydoseriousharmtotropicalrainforest.
B.Theycontributealottotheecosystemtheylivein.
C.Theyactasfoodforotherplants,insetsmdanimals.
D.Theyspeedupthelossofnutritionintherainforest
30.WhatcanweinferfromthefindingofGriffiths’experiment?
A.Termiteshelprainforestssurviveclimatechange
B.Termitespreferdroughtyearstonon-droughtones
C.Termitesbenefitmorefromtheforestduringthedrought
D.Termitesenjoyeatingtreeseedlingsduringthedrought.
31.WhatdoesGriffithstellusinthelastparagraph?
A.Termitesarenowindangerofextinction
B.Termitesdamagebiologicalcommunities.
C.Weshouldthinktwicebeforedamagingaspecies
D.weshouldstudythedroughttoimprovethesystem
D
Classifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample,wehavetodetectspammail
(垃圾邮件),falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI,suchtasksarebasedon“classification
technology”inmachineearning—havingthecomputerlearn,usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample,"positive"datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface,
and"negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned,the
computercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.
However,thedifficultywithhistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess,andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance,whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase,theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata,butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata),sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.
AccordingtolendauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP,“Previousclassificationmethods
couldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable,butwehavemadeit
possibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata,aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata,constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournewmethod,wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”
AccordingtoIshida.“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhere
classificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactively
used,ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints(限制).Inthenearfuture,wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields,suchasnaturallanguageprocessing,computervision,robotics,andbioinformatics.”
32.Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromth
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