届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book 8 Unit 24 Society.docx
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届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book 8 Unit 24 Society.docx
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届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book8Unit24Society
重点识记词汇
1.governvt.统治,管理
2.accumulatev.积累
3.vacantadj.未住人的,空置的
eintobeing形成,存在
5.windsb.up故意惹恼(某人,尤指开玩笑)
6.resignvt.&vi.辞职
7.deletevt.删除
8.virtuen.优点,长处
9.showoff炫耀,夸耀
10.electvt.选举,推选
11.knockintosb.撞上某人
12.castvt.&n.投下
13.turningpoint转折点
14.undertakevt.着手做,从事
15.breakinto闯入
16.finen.罚款
17.onprinciple根据原则
18.abolishvt.废除
19.consequentlyadv.所以,因此
20.homelessnessn.无家可归→homelessadj.无家可归的
21.voluntaryadj.自愿的→volunteern.志愿者
22.abundantadj.大量的→abundancen.大量;丰盛
23.signaturen.签名→signv.签(名)
24.adjustmentn.调整,调节→adjustvt.调整,调节
25.diverseadj.各种各样的→diversityn.多样性;差异
26.bareadj.赤祼的→barelyadv.仅仅;几乎不
27.spiritualadj.宗教的,教会的;精神的→spiritn.精神
28.sentencen.&vt.判决→sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑
29.burdenn.重担,负担;vt.(使)担负→beburdenedwith加负担于;使负重担
必背经典句式
1.Asasociety,it’shightimethatwetooktheseissuesmoreseriously.
作为整个社会来讲,到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。
2.I’dratheryoudidn’tmentionthat.
我宁愿你不提起那件事。
3.Whatifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs?
要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办?
4.Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople’smovements.
他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口,这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。
构词记忆
decoration/ˌdekə′reIʃn/n.[U]&[C]装饰;装潢;装饰品
description/dI′skrIpʃn/n.[C]&[U]描写;形容;叙述
destination/ˌdestI′neIʃn/n.[C]目标;目的地;终点
devotion/dI′vəʊʃn/n.[U]献身;忠诚;热心
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
A.语境填词
1.Hewillbesetfreeassoonasthefine(罚款)ispaid.
2.Abundant(大量的)rainfallthisyearmeansrainfallisenough.
3.Takingcareofhissickbrotherisagreatburden(负担)tohim.
4.Hewassentenced(判刑)toalllifeinprisonforhisviolentbehaviour.
5.Mr.Zhangwaselected(选举)asthesixthheadmasterlastmonth.
6.Sincehegraduatedfromcollege,hehasbeenundertaking(从事)experimentsandcalculations.
7.Thecountryisgoverned(统治)byelectedrepresentativesofthepeople.
8.Heaccumulated(积累)afortunethroughpropertyspeculation.
9.Itisalsoavirtue(优点)toforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.
10.Allthreehousesarevacant(空的);she’smakingnoattempttorentthemout.
B.用所给词的适当形式填空
11.Whensheretired,shedidalotofvoluntary(volunteer)workfortheRedCross.
12.Thekindoldladyofferedtotakeinthepoorhomeless(homelessness)boy.
13.Iwasforcedtosign(signature)theagreementagainstmywill.
14.Withoutdiversity(diverse),therecanbenoworldasweknow.
15.DoyouknowMr.Lihashandedinhisresignation(resign)?
Ⅱ.短语运用
A.用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空
doawaywith,showoff,beburdenedwith,contributeto,chargefor,breakinto,sentencetodeath,knockinto,comeintobeing,windup
16.Idon’tlikehimverymuch.He’sveryproudandalwaystriestoshowoff.
17.Hewasfoundguiltyandsentencedtodeathbypoisoning.
18.Shereadasshewalked,andthenknockedintoatree.
19.TheauthortellsusinParagraph1howtwo“Irelands”cameintobeing.
20.Nowadayspeasantsarenolongerburdenedwithheavytaxation.
21.It’sbadmannerstobreakintoanofficewithoutknockingatthedoor.
22.YourhardworkcontributedtoyourgreatprogressinEnglish.
23.Areyoudeliberatelywindingmeup?
24.Theseridiculousrulesandregulationsshouldhavebeendoneawaywithyearsago.
25.Howmuchdoyouchargeforadoubleroom?
B.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
aboveall,inabundance,insearchof,onprinciple,atrisk
26.Allkindsofflowersgrowinabundanceinthepark.
27.Atsuchmoments,therearethoseonbothsidesofthisdebatewhowillactonprinciple.
28.Iftheyhavethevirustheyareputtingpatientsatrisk.
29.Wemustwork,andaboveallwemustbelieveinourselves.
30.Therewasaneconomicboomandthousandsofpeopleflockedtothecityfromthecountrysideinsearchofwork.
Ⅲ.经典句式
31.It’shightimethatwetookmeasurestofightforatotaltobaccoban.
到了采取措施为了全面的烟草禁令而战的时候了。
32.I’dratheryoupostedtheletter.
我愿意你去寄信。
33.Whatifthisproblemhadtobesolvedinthenexthalfanhour?
在接下来的半小时里,如果这个问题必须解决,你会怎样做?
34.TheInternetmakesiteasierforpeopletoknowabouttheworld.
互联网使人们更容易了解世界。
1
onavoluntarybasis在自愿的基础上
dovoluntarywork参加志愿工作
volunteerfor自愿参加
volunteertodo自愿做……
volunteeras志愿当……
Moralityismoralonlywhenitisvoluntary.
只有出于自愿时,道德才是道德的。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①Sheworksthereonavoluntarybasis.
②Whydoyouwanttovolunteerforourorganization?
③Theyoungmanvolunteeredtostopthedrunkenmenfromfighting.
(2)定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性质的。
(翻译句子)
Thescheme,duetobeginnextmonth,willbevoluntary.
2
[多词一义] abundant,enough,sufficient,adequate
beabundantin富于……,……很丰富
haveanabundantsupplyof有充足的……供应
abundancen.丰富,大量,多
inabundance大量,富裕
Thereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplabour.
廉价劳动力供应充足。
Birdsareabundantinthetallvegetation.
高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。
[夯实基础]
(1)Indonesiaisabundantin(在……方面富有)petroleumdeposits.
(2)Wildflowersgrowinabundance(大量地)onthehillsides.
3
burdenn.(义务、责任等的)重担,负担(duty;responsibility);v.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)(givesb.aduty,responsibility,etc.)
[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查
bear/carry/ease/reduce/shareaburden承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担
burdensb./oneselfwithsth.加负担于某人或自己
beburdenedwithsth.负重
Hisinvalidfatherisbecomingaburdentohim.
他父亲体弱多病,对他来说渐渐成了累赘。
Idon’twanttoburdenyouwithmyproblems.
我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。
[夯实基础]
(1)Toomuchhomeworkisaburdentostudents(对学生来讲是一个负担).
(2)Shewasburdenedwithfivechildrenandshehadtoworkdayandnight.
①Sheburdenedherselfwithfivechildrenandshehadtoworkdayandnight.(用burden...with改写句子)
②Burdenedwithfivechildren,shehadtoworkdayandnight.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
4
avacantseat空座
avacantexpression茫然的神情
Ineverymajorcitytherearemorevacantbuildingsthantherearehomelesspeople.
各大城市里空置的楼房比无家可归的人都多。
Thepostofchairmanhasbeenvacantforsometime.
主席之位已经空缺一段时间了。
[夯实基础]
单句改错
Arethereanyroomsemptyinthishotel?
empty→vacant
5
electsb.as...选举某人担任……
electsb.to...选举某人到……(职位)
win/loseanelection在选举中获胜/失败
runforelection参加竞选
ShebecamethefirstblackwomantobeelectedtotheSenate.
她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。
HewaselectedasMPforOxfordEast.
他被选为牛津东区的议员。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Thoseelecting(elect)tosmokewillbeseatedattherear.
(2)InAmerica,presidentialelections(elect)areheldeveryfouryears.
(3)Besides,inNovembertheymayelecthimaspresident.
(4)IfweallgetbehindMr.Smithwecaneasilyelecthimtothatoffice.
6
undertake+n./pron.承担……
undertaketodo...着手做……,答应做……
undertakefor...为……负责
I’llleaveyoutoundertakeanimportantmission.
我要让你承担一项重要使命。
Sheundertookresponsibilityforthechanges.
她承担了这些变革的责任。
[夯实基础]
HeundertookthathewouldfinishthejobbyFriday.
HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.(改为简单句)
7
serveasentence服刑
alifesentence终身监禁
passsentenceonsb.对某人判刑
sentencesb.tosth.给某人判……刑;宣判某人……罪刑
Theprisonerhasservedhissentenceandwillbereleasedtomorrow.
这个犯人已服刑期满,明天将释放。
Thejudgesentencedthemurderertodeath.
法官判处那个杀人犯死刑。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Thejudgewillpasssentenceonhim.
(2)Amilitarycourtsentencedhimtodeathinhisabsence.
1
comeintoforce(法律)实施,生效
comeintoeffect生效
comeintopower当权
comeintooffice就职
comeintouse/service开始使用
comeintothehabitof养成……的习惯
Thisdecision,whichaimstomakeallindoorpublicplacessmokefree,willcomeintoeffectnextyear.
这个决定旨在使所有的室内公共区域都变成无烟区,从明年开始生效。
(广东·基础写作)
Howwordscameintobeingisunknown.
单词是怎样形成的并不为人所知。
[夯实基础]
(1)Thenewlawwillcomeintoforce/effect(将生效)nextmonth.
(2)Thebighotelhascomeintouse/service(已经投入使用).
(3)I’vecomeintothehabitof(养成……的习惯)readingnovelsinmysparetime.
2
show...out领……出去
showsb.around/round领某人参观
show...in带或领……进来(lead/guide...in)
showup出席;到场
onshow在展出
Peteriskeentoshowoffhisnewcar.
彼得喜欢炫耀他的新车。
[夯实基础]
(1)用showoff,showup的适当形式填空
①Hepromisedtocomebutdidnotshowupintheend.
②Marywasshowingoffherengagementring.
(2)请你把参观者领进来,好吗?
(翻译句子)
Showthevisitorsin,willyou?
3
fixone’seyeson/upon注视,凝视(stareat)
haveagoodeyeforsth.对……有鉴赏眼光
looksb.intheeye直视(正视)某人
have/getone’seyeonsb./sth.看中某人/物
catchone’seye引起某人的注意;吸引某人的目光
Pleasekeepaneyeonthebabyforme.
请替我照看一下婴儿。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Couldyoudomeafavorandkeepaneyeonmyluggage?
(2)Gailhasagoodeyeforfashion.
(3)Canyoulookmeintheeyeandtellmeyou’renotlying?
(4)I’vegotmyeyeonanicelittlesportscarthatI’msavingupfor.
1Whatifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs?
如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢?
Whatif...?
“如果……将会怎样;即使……又有什么关系?
”为省略结构,相当于Whatshallwe/Idoif...?
。
whatif中what可看作是whatshouldsb.do或whatdoesitmatter或whatwouldhappen的省略。
whatif用于提出假设时,其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时),也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或should+动词原形)。
Whatfor?
为何目的,为何理由?
Sowhat?
那又怎么样?
What/Howabout...?
……怎么样?
Guesswhat?
你知道……吗?
What’sup?
=What’sthematter?
怎么了?
Whatifshefindsoutthatyouhavelostherbook?
如果她发现你弄丢了她的书,怎么办?
Whatifwefail/failed/shouldfail?
万一我们失败了,怎么办?
[夯实基础]
如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办?
(翻译句子)
WhatifIfailthemathexamnextweek?
2
Theglobalpopulationatpresentisabout6billionwith1personinevery10aged60orabove.现在全球人口大约60亿,每10人就有1人的年龄在60岁或以上。
with1personinevery10aged60orabove为“with+复合宾语”作定语。
“with复合结构”在句中多作状语,也可以作定语。
常见的结构有:
(1)with+宾语+doing
(2)with+宾语+done
(3)with+宾语+adj.
(4)with+宾语+adv.
(5)with+宾语+todo
(6)with+宾语+介词短语
Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.
他和衣躺在床上。
Shesatstillinthechair,withhereyesclosed.
她一动不动地坐在椅子里,双眼紧闭。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Withwintercoming(come)on,it’stimetobuywarmclothes.
(2)Withallthethingssheneededbought(buy),shewenthomehappily.
(3)Withnothingtodo(do),Tomsleepsathome.
3单元语法
——语法填空
(1)It’shightimethatwegot/shouldget(get)downtowork.
(2)Iwouldratheryoucame(come)tomorrow.
(3)Wedemandedthatwe(sh
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