The Research of Unique Chinese Items in Foreign Students Eyes in NJU.docx
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The Research of Unique Chinese Items in Foreign Students Eyes in NJU.docx
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TheResearchofUniqueChineseItemsinForeignStudentsEyesinNJU
TheResearchof
UniqueChineseItemsIn
ForeignStudents'Eyes
inNJU
091280011LvChen
091280015QinYu’an
091280020WangRuoyu
091280024ZhangChudai
81010059WangYuchi
LiuQin
June11,2010
Abstract
ThispaperfocusesonthephenomenonrelatedtocultureshockthatNJUforeignstudentsdonotunderstandcertainChineseitemsduringChinesestudyandtheteachingmethodtheyprefer.ItincludessomespecialobjectiveslikeChineseAmericanGirlX.Wealsofindwaystoimproveourteachingandgivesomesuggestionsonrelatedcultureshock.
TheProblemofUniqueChineseItemsinForeignStudents'EyesinNJU
TherearemanyforeignstudentsinNanjingUniversitystudyingChinese.SomeofthemstudysowellthatareabletoholdconversationwithChinesefluently.ButwefindthatintheseconversationstheyhavesomemisunderstandingstowardcertainChinesewords.Thefirstexampleofallisloong(usuallytranslatedtodragon)inChina:
Ericraisedthequestionrelatedtowhattheteachersaidinthepreviousclass:
Itissaidtheemperorspreferredthedecorationofdragon.It'stheirenemy,isn'tit?
InWesternculture,dragonisamythicalbeastrepresentedasahuge,winged,fire-breathingreptile.Asaresult,dragoninlocalinternationalstudents’eyeshasalwaysbeenassociatedwithevilorinterpretedassymbolsoftheawesomepowerofnature.ButsincetheycometoChina,theygetwisetothefactthatincontrasttowesterndragonsthatareconsideredevil,Chinesedragonstraditionallysymbolizepotentandauspiciouspowers,particularlycontroloverwater,rainfall,andfloodsfrompeoplearoundthem.Moreover,dragonsareregardedassupremacyandChinesepeoplealwaysliketocallthemselvesTheDescendentofDragon.WhentheyhavebeenstayedinChinaforsometime,ifsomeoneasksthemwhatisdragon,theymayanswerthequestionwithadjectivesuchasauspiciousandrighteous.However,dragonintheirsubconsciousnessmaystillbebrutal,ignorantcreatureswhichkillhumansanddestroythenature.
Maybethecasebeforeisjustanexpressionrelatedtoculturalshock,whichdescribestheimpactofmovingfromafamiliarculturetoonewhichisunfamiliar.Itisanexperiencedescribedbypeoplewhohavetraveledabroadtowork,liveorstudyanditcanbefelttoacertainextentevenwhenabroadonholiday.Itcanaffectanyone,includinginternationalstudents.Itincludestheshockofanewenvironment,meetinglotsofnewpeopleandlearningthewaysofadifferentcountry.Italsoincludestheshockofbeingseparatedfromtheimportantpeopleinyourlife,whoyouwouldnormallytalktoattimesofuncertaintyandgiveyousupportandguidance,maybefamily,friends,colleaguesandteachers.Food,language,socialroles,valueandmanyotheraspectscancontributetocultureshock.
Studentsstudyingabroadarefacingcomplexchallengestoundertakeuniversityorothereducationalcourses,particularlyiftheirhomecountrycultureisstrikinglydifferentfromthehostcountryculture,justasthedifferentmeaningsofdragoninChinaandWesterncountriesshownbefore.Itisnotsurprisingthatthephysicalandpsychologicalwell-beingofstudentscanbeaffectedbytheseadjustmentchallenges.Theserelativelyshort-termvisitorstoanewculture,whocomeforpurposesotherthanpermanentsettlement,arelikelytoexperiencecultureshockresultingfromthesuddenlossofallfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofeverydaylife,withconsequentpsychologicalstressanduseofcopingstrategiestodealwiththestressesencountered.What’smore,cultureshockhasledtolanguageshockinthestudents’lifeofstudyingabroad.
(研究成果引用)
Inthepaper,wefocusonthephenomenonthatsomanyinternationalstudentscan'tunderstandspecialChineseitemslikeDragon,ChineseKnot,Wushu,etc,whichdoesn'tincludeliterature,socialbehaviorsandsomethinglikethat,andtheinfluenceourteachinggivestotheirunderstandingoftheseitems.
WedefinetheuniqueChineseitemsassomethingdoesn'tappearindailylifefromothercountries.ThenweconcentrateonwhetherteachingbringstobetterorthoroughunderstandingofChineseitemsandtheimprovements.
WearewritingthistopointouthowteachingorwhichteachingmethodenablesaninternationalstudenttounderstanduniqueChineseitemstosmooththeirstudyinNJUandtheimprovementneededtofortifyortransferourteachingtoachievethiskindofgoal.Duringthewholeprocess,weinvestigateaforeignstudentinNJUwhoisaChinesedescendantandanAmericanteacher.
Aswhatismentionedabove,manyinternationalstudentsarealwaysfoundconfusedwhenitcomestosomespecificChinesewords,forexample,theword“dragon”.AlthoughtheyhaveasuperficialunderstandingofsuchChinesewords,whichisstillmisunderstoodintheirsubconsciousness.Whythereexistssuchaphenomenon?
Educationisabigproblem.ManyChineseteachersjustteachinternationalstudentshowtospeakChinese,butteachersoftenignoresomethingconcerningculture.Thekeypointisthatunderstandingincultureplaysamoreimportantroleinthelearningprogressofinternationalstudents.
Wehaveconductedasurveythatcanbeagoodexampleofthisproblem.GirlXisoneofourinformantsinoursurvey.SheisaChineseCanadian.ShewasborninCanadaandcametoAmericawhenshewasoneandahalfyearsold.Afterthat,shesettledinSanFrancisco.HerparentsarebothoriginatedfromChongqing.ShegrewupinAmericaandgoteducationthere.Whenshewasthirteenyearsold,shecametoChinaandbegantolearnChinese.Now,shecanspeakChinesefluently.Sheisgoodatpronunciationandwords,however,notskilledatgrammar.AndsheisnowstudyinginNanjingUniversity.Inspiteofthis,thepointisthatalthoughshehasChineseblood,thethinkingstyleisstillinanAmericanway.SheisusedtospeakinEnglishsothatsheseldomspeaksChineseindailylife.
Weaskedheraseriesofquestionsandhavesomeconclusions.Shealwaysmentionedthephrase“grabAmerica”.SheisaffectedbyAmericadeeplyandshecanbejustrecognizedasAmericantoacertain.WefoundsometypicalChinesewordstoaskforherunderstanding,thatis,Chineseknot,dragon,kungfuandsoon.Tooursurprise,shedidnotknowsomewordsatall,suchasChineseknot.Also,sheheldtheideathatkungfuisjustatooltomakeyourselfrelaxedbothmentallyandphysically.Shedoesnotrealizetheculturalmeaning.InChineseculture,kungfuisnotonlycanbuildupyourbody,butitalsorepresentsthespiritualmeaninginourculture.Ithassomethingwithourgoodpersonalities,likeperseverance,diligenceandindomitableness.AsanABC,shecertainlyhasnoideaaboutthesemeaningsbehindthewordsorphrasesthemselves.Thisisavividexampleofourtopic—cultureshock.Wecandrawsomeconclusionsfromit.
Also,wefoundanotherinformanttohavealook.ThisisaUSteacheralsobearsChineseblood——David.HeisteachingEnglishinourinternationalcollegeandspeaksnoChineseatall.Davidansweredourquestionsandgavesomepersonalideasabouttheteaching.HeemphasizedthattheChineseteachersofforeignstudentsareoughttoknowsomeforeignlanguages.IfyouareteachingUSstudents,youshouldknowsomeEnglish.MaybemostChineseteachersforforeignersnowknowsomeEnglishatleast,butaccordingtohisopinion,whataboutthosefromothercountries?
Also,Davidpointedoutagoodteacherisabletodescribetheseindigestiblewordsinnativelanguage,notallinChinese.
Allinall,wearriveatthreeconclusionsfromthesetwoexamples.Firstly,thelearningoflanguageiseasierthanthelearningofculture.Wecanlearnlanguagehoweveroldyouarebecauseyoucanmasteritthroughhardworking.But,thecultureeffectisineradicable.Itisverydifficulttochangeyourmindwhenitcomestoawordwhichtotallyhasdifferentmeaningsinyourownculture.ThisisalsothemainreasonwhyinternationalstudentsarealwayspuzzledatsometypicalChinesewords.Secondly,theeducationoflearningChinesehavecommonlyignoredtheteachingofculturalmeaningintheirway.Teachersarejustthoseimparterswhoonlyconcentrateonthelanguagelearning,suchasrecitingtexts,briefexplanation.StudentscansimplyhavetheabilityofspeakingChineseanddescribingit,whereastheculturalmeaningcannotbegottenintheirmind.Thirdly,theinfluenceofforeignculture,likeBritishandAmericanCulture,doeshaveconflictswithChineseculture.Letustakedragonastheexampleagain,itrepresentsevilinforeigncultureinsteadofpotentandauspiciouspowers,particularlycontroloverwater,rainfall,andfloodsfrompeoplearoundthem.Asaresult,internationalstudentswillcomewithmanyproblemsconnectedwithcultureshock.
Sincetheconflictsincultureitselfcannotbeavoided,wecanfocusonthechangingofteachingtechniquesoflearningChinese.Somespecificmeasuresmustbeentaken.
Whatisbasicisthattheteacherhimselfshouldhaveveryrichknowledgeandsophisticatedlanguageskillstolethisorherstudentsunderstand.Then,backgroundinformationintroductionisveryimportant.Throughtheculturalbackground,studentscangetsomelogicinferenceinChineselanguagelearning.
Morespecifically,whenteacherschoosetheirteachingmaterials,theycaninvolvesomeculturalcontents,suchas,Chinesehistory,traditions,localconditionsandcustomswhichwillarousestudents’greatinterests.EspeciallyChina,acountrywhichhasasolonghistory,ifyoumerelyexplainthedifferentmeaningoftheword,foreignstudentscanneverunderstand.Teacherneedtocreateteachingscene
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