定语从句用法详解史上最小白的讲解与练习.docx
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定语从句用法详解史上最小白的讲解与练习.docx
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定语从句用法详解史上最小白的讲解与练习
初中英语分类练习
——定语从句
【复习目标】
▲掌握定语从句的意义及作用。
▲区别各类引导词。
【课前准备】
●要求学生用定语从句造五个句子。
【知识要点】
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:
Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.
2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:
Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.
3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:
Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?
4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:
Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.
Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.
Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.
注意:
(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。
如:
Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:
Ihavelost
mybag,whichIlikeverymuch.
(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:
ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.
注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:
AllthatwehavetodoistopractiseEnglish.
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如
ThefirstletterthatIgotfromhimwillbekept.
(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰,如
I'veeatenupallthefoodthatyougaveme.
(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时如
HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时,如:
Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.
(6)当句中已有who时,为避免重复,如:
Whoisthemanthatisgivingusthe
class?
6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句,如:
Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.
Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedfor5years.
I'llneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.
注意:
先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。
ThisisthehouseWhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(Wherehehaslivedfor15year.)
7.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等,这些关系代词都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如:
Ihavetwobrothers,whoarebothstudents.
8.如何简化定语从句
(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。
如:
Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagethatisfarawayfromhere.
→Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagefarawayfromhere.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。
Thisisabookthatisworthreading.
→Thisisabookworthreading.这是一本值得看的书。
(2)定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
ThemanwhoisstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.
→ThemanstandingunderthetreeisourEnglishteacher.
站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
Isawthehousethatwasburningatthattime.→Isawtheburninghouseatthattime.
当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
IliketoseethefilmswhicharedirectedbyZhangYimou.→IliketoseethefilmsdirectedbyZhangYimou.我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
Sheisthegirlwhowaspraisedattheschoolmeeting.→Sheisthegirlpraisedattheschoolmeeting.她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
Heisalwaysthefirstpersonthatcomestoschool.→Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocometoschool.他总是第一个到校。
Thereportwhichwillbegiventomorrowisimportanttous.→Thereporttobegiventomorrowisimportanttous.明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
(5)定语从句简化为what从句。
Icouldn'trememberthewordsthathesaid.→Icouldn'trememberwhathesaid.
我记不得他说的话。
【典型例题解析】
例1Thesecondbook______IwanttoreadisBusiness@theSpeedofThought.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as
解析先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句,故选C。
例2I'llneverforgetthedays_____Istayedwithyou.
A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich
解析本题指时间,故选A。
例3Thebook______issoldoutatthemoment.
A.youneedB.whatyouneed
C.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit
解析B、C、D中的what和it与先行Thebook相抵触,故选A。
例4Isthistheplace______Lincolnoncelived.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
解析本题指地点,故选C。
例5I'moneoftheboys_________neverlateforschool.
A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois
解析本题中who用作主语,谓语动词与先行词theboys保持一致,故选B。
【选讲例题】
例6Hersister,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.
A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois
解析非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。
例7Thesebookareforstudents_____motherlanguageisnotEnglish.
A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose
解析whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,故选D。
动词时态
1.–Whatdidyoudoonyouruncle’sfarm?
--I_______thehorseand_______somehensthere.
A.ride;feedB.rode;fed
C.rode;feedD.ride;fed
2.--WhatdoesMissBlackdoatweekends?
--Shewithsomestudentsoften___________intheplayground.
A.isrunningB.arerunning
C.runD.runs
3.Tom__________fishing,buthedoesn’tlikeeatingfish.
A.likeB.enjoy
C.enjoysD.likesto
4.Weshallgototheparkifit______.
A.don’trainB.won’train
C.doesn’trainD.didn’train
5.Tom______watchTVaftersupper_____lastnight.
A.wasn’t;onB.didn’t;on
C.doesn’t;inD.didn’t;/
6.—WouldyouliketoclimbmountainswithmethisSunday?
—I’dloveto.ButI_______playtabletennisagainstClassThree.
A.amgoingB.amgoingto
C.amD.goingto
7.Lindawalkedintotheroomandhercoataway.
A.tookB.takes
C.istakingD.taking
8.Jim’sbrother_________fivebasketballs.
A.haveB.hasC.isD.are
9.I_____LinDong,MyEnglishname________Gina.
A.am,amB.is,am
C.am,isD.are,is
10.There________apartytomorrowevening.I’llgowithmysisters..
A.hasB.isgoingtohave
C.isgoingtobeD.aregoingtobe
11.---Doyouknowthatwewonthefootballmatch?
--Yes,Ithenews.
A.hearB.tohear
C.havejustheardD.justhaveheard
12.----IsJamesathome?
-----No,heYa’antobeavolunteer.
A.hasgonetoB.hasbeento
C.isgoingtoD.aregoingto
13.JimandKate_______inBeijingnow.Theyboth_______fromAmerica.
A.is;comeB.are;come
C.is;iscomeD.are;arecome
14.Ihavelunchatschool,butmybrother_______lunchatschool.
A.isn'thaveB.hasn'thave
C.don'thaveD.doesn'thave
15.--_______yourmotherhappytoday?
--No,she_______.
A.Is;isn'tB.Are;aren't
C.Are;isn'tD.Does;doesn't
16.Scientiststhinkthatthere_____lifeonEarthformillionsofyears.
A.hashadB.havehad
C.hasbeenD.havebeen
17.SomescientistshavesentaspacecrafttoMars.It____severalmonthstogetthere.
A.spentB.hasspent
C.hastakenD.take
18.---Where’sMary?
---She_____toHarbin.
A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.goesD.went
19.we’llclimbQianlingHillsifit_____nextSunday.
A.won’trainB.didn’train
C.rainedD.doesn’train
20.Theboyis________seetheteacherbecausehe________amistake.
A.afraidof;hasB.afraidto;hasmade
C.afraidto;makeD.afraidof;made
根据中文意思,完成下列句子,每空限填一词。
(共5小题,计10分)
21.最近的医院离此地也有大约十公里远。
The__________hospitalisabouttenkilometers__________.
22.嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。
It’snotpoliteto____________________thosepeopleintrouble.
23.学校规定上课不许迟到。
Theschoolrulesays,“Don’t____________________forclass.”
24.熊猫在我国受到很好的照顾。
Pandas____________________goodcareofinourcountry.
25.我们觉得晚上出去是危险的。
Wefind____________________togooutatnight.
根据括号内的英(汉)语提示,完成句子。
26.Thepeopleinour____________(neighbor)areverykindandhelpful.
27.Excuseme,sir,butyou___________(不允许)tosmokehere.
28.Guilinisa____________(漂亮的)city,andmanyvisitorscomethereeveryyear.
29.Ifeveryone____________(遵守)thetrafficrules,therewillbefeweraccidents.
30.Look,thebabyis__________(wake).Heislookingatuswithasmile.
31.Whilethegirl(shop),thealiengotout.
32.Hehasn’ttoldthe(true).Heislying.
33.—he(go)toanamusementpark?
—Yes,hedid.
34.—Whatdoesshelikeforlunch?
—Shelikeshamburgers,saladandsome(鸡肉).
用所给动词的适当形式填空:
35.I____________(know)theplaceformanyyears.
36.Whereismypen?
Howstrange!
It____________(be)herejustamomentago.
37.Hewillgivethebookbacktoyouifhe_________(finish)readingittomorrow.
用所给词的适当形式填空:
(15分)
38.Wearewilling_______________(work)withthem.
39.Thestudentsinourschoolspendtwohours____________(do)homeworkeveryday.
40.Thebookis__________________(interesting),Idon’twanttoreaditagain.
41.It’scoldoutside,you’dbetter______________(put)onyourcoat.
42.Hehas_________________(little)homeworkofusthree.
43.Wewanttogototheparkandenjoy________________(we).
44.LittleTomfelloffthedesk,______________(lucky),hedidn’thurthimself.
45.“Doyouhavea__________(day)reporteverymorning?
”“Yes,wedo.”
46.Somestudentsdon’tthinkmathsisas________________(important)asEnglish.
47.LinTaohasapairof(smile)eyesbehindhisroundglasses.
48.Ithinkthisproblemismuch__________________(easy)thanthatone.
49.____________(notplay)footballinthestreet,Jim.It’sdangerous.
50.Keep___________(try)andyouwillfindyoucanrememberthingsbetter.
51.SandyandMikearegoodatswimming,theyaregood______________(swim).
52.Doyouknowthe_________(high)ofthattallbuilding?
遣词造句:
根据提供的图画和提示词,写一个符合图意的完整正确的句子。
(10分)
53.begoingto,theGreatwalltaxi
54.make,strong
55.mother,buy,her,yesterday
56.LingLing,wellEnglish
57.helpwith
将下列句子泽成英语,并写在答题卷标有题号的横线上。
58.对于我们来说,减少空气污染是必需的。
_____________________________________________________________________________
59.请猜一下这个主题公园投入使用多久了。
_____________________________________________________________________________
60.我们找到干净的饮用水是没问题的。
_____________________________________________________________________________
61.这条最新的新闻是多么令人兴奋啊!
_____________________________________________________________________________
62.野生动物应该受到保护而不是被猎捕.
_____________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.B
【解析】
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