高二学生学习计划化学Senior students study plan chemistry 02 18.docx
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高二学生学习计划化学Senior students study plan chemistry 02 18.docx
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高二学生学习计划化学Seniorstudentsstudyplanchemistry0218
高二学生学习计划化学02月18日(Seniorstudentsstudyplanchemistry0218)
TheZhangBeistudyprogramissharedeveryday
InreactionwithO2,asmallamountcanreactwithN2toincreasetheweightlessthancombustioninO2.
4.sodiumperoxidehasstrongoxidation,withcharcoal,aluminumandotherreducingsubstanceswhenburning.Thefollowingstatementisincorrect
WhenA.Na2O2isreactedwithCO2,Na2O2isanoxidantandCO2isareducingagent
TheuseofquartzcruciblecannotmeltwhenthesodiumperoxideB.
TheC.ofsodiumperoxidewithcharcoal,Alreaction,sodiumperoxideshowedstrongoxidation
D.sodiumperoxidereactionwithsulfurdioxidecanproducesodiumsulfate
AnswerA
AnalysisofNa2O2andH2O,CO2reaction,isthedisproportionationofNa2O2itself,sotheAerror;maincomponentofquartzisSiO2,whileNa2O2canreactwithSiO2togenerateNa2SiO3,soitcannotbeusedwhenmeltingNa2O2quartzcrucible,Bcorrect;Na2O2hasstrongoxidation,whileC,AlandSO2isreducing,soNa2O2canbearedoxreactionwithC,Al,SO2,CcanbeoxidizedtoCO2,oxidationofAlintoAl2O3,theoxidationofSO2intoNa2SO4,soCandDarecorrect.
5.thefollowingstatementsaboutthenatureofNa2CO3andNaHCO3arewrong()
A.thermalstability:
NaHCO3 TheintensityofB.reactionwiththesameconcentrationofhydrochloricacid: NaHCO3 SolubilityofC.inwateratthesametemperature: NaHCO3 TheconcentrationofD.andothersubstances;thepH: NaHCO3ofthesolutionis AnswerB Theintensityofthereactionwiththesameconcentrationofhydrochloricacidwasanalyzed: Na2CO3 6.thefollowingchemicalexperimentfactsandtheirexplanationsareincorrect A.dropsNaHCO3solutionwithphenolphthaleinispalered,redhotafterdeepen,becausetheNaHCO3decompositionofNa2CO3 B.sodiumisstoredinkerosenebecausekerosenedoesnotreactwithsodium.Sodiumismoredensethankerosene.Kerosenecaninsulatesodiumfromairandwatervapor C.blowingcleancottonwithNa2O2absorbentcottonwithacleanglasstube,burningtheabsorbentcotton,indicatingthatthereactionofCO2,H2OandNa2O2isexothermic TheproductofD.sodiumexposureintheairforalongtimeisNa2CO3,becausetheNa2Oproducedbysodiumandoxygenreactswithwaterandcarbondioxide AnswerA TheAtermisanalyzed.ThehydrolysisdegreeofNaHCO3solutionisincreased,thehydrolysisdegreeofHCOisincreased,andthesolutionbasicityisincreased. 7.,inordertomakeastronautsinthespacecrafttogetastable,goodlivingenvironment,usuallyinthespacecraftinstalledwithNa2O2orK2O2particlesofthedevice,itspurposeistoproduceoxygen.ThefollowingstatementaboutNa2O2iscorrect() ThenumberofA.Na2O2anionsandcationsintheratioof1: 1 WhenB.Na2O2producesthesameamountofO2withwaterandCO2,itrequiresequalmassofwaterandCO2 WhenC.Na2O2producesthesameamountofO2withwaterandCO2,theamountofelectronstransferredisequal ThebleachingprincipleofD.Na2O2isthesameasthatofSO2 AnswerC ElectronicanalysisofNa2O2+Na[]2-Na+,theYinandthenumberofcationsis1: 2,Aerror;waterandcarbondioxidematerialconsumptiongeneratesthesameamountofO2whentheamountofthesame,butthequalityisdifferent,Bwrongbytheprosandconsofelectronicconservationknowledge;thetwoelectrontransferamountofsubstance,Ccorrect;Na2O2hasstrongoxidizingandbleaching,SO2easyandcoloredsubstancescombinetoformcolorlessunstablesubstances,sothetwoprincipleisdifferent,Derror. 8.alkalimetal(Fr)franciumradioactive,itisoneofthemostimportantelementsofthealkalimetalelements,predictitspropertiesaccordingtoregularitypropertiesofalkalimetalelements,whichisnottrue() A.inthealkalimetalelement,ithasthebiggestatomicradius B.Fangintheairinthecombustion,onlygeneratechemicalformulaFr2Ooxide C.thechemicalformulaofitshydroxideisFrOH,whichisastrongbase D. Itreactswithwatertoproducethebaseandhydrogen,whichexplodesasaresultofintensereactions AnswerB Accordingtotheanalysisofregularitypropertiesofmaingroupelements,fromlithiummetaltometalfranciumwithincreasingatomicnumber,atomicradiusincreasesgradually,themetallicelementsgraduallyincreased,thehighestpriceofthecorrespondingalkalineoxidehydrategraduallyincreased,andtheintensityofreactionwatergraduallyincreased,andoxygenreactionproductsarebecomingmoreandmorecomplex,canproduceperoxides,superoxideandozonideetc.. 9.thereare3smallsodaquality,firsthydrochloricaciddirectlyandexactlythereaction;secondfirstheatingpartsofthedecomposition,withexactlythirdhydrochloricacidreaction;thefirstheating,sothatitiscompletelydecomposed,thenexactlythereactionwithhydrochloricacid.Iftheamountofhydrochloricacidisthesameamount,thevolumeofhydrochloricacidconsumptionisV1,V2andV3respectively,thenthesizeofV1,V2andV3iscorrect A.V1>V2>V3B.V1>V3>V2 C.V2>V3>V1D.V1=V2=V3 AnswerD Asmallsodaanalysisof3equalmass,eitherdirectlyreactswithhydrochloricacid,orpartiallydecomposedorcompletelydecomposedwithhydrochloricacidreactionwasNaClsolution,whichClfromNa+fromhydrochloricacid,NaHCO3,3hydrochloricacidconsumptionvolumeofthesame. 10.(2011Beijingsciencecomprehensive,11)thefollowingexperiment,Na2CO3cannotdeterminethemassfractionofNa2CO3andNaHCO3inthemixtureis() A.takeagramsofmixture,fullheating,weightlossBgrams B.takeagramsofmixtureandsufficienthydrochloricacidsufficientreaction,heating,steaming,dryingandburning,getBgramsofsolid C.takeagramsofmixturewithsufficientdilutesulfuricacidfullyreacted,escapinggasabsorbedbyalkalilime,weightgainBgrams D.takeagramsofmixturewithsufficientBa(OH)2solutiontofullyreact,filter,washanddry,getBgramsofsolid AnswerC Analysis: takeagramsmixturewellheating,weightBgrams,accordingtothedifferentmethodtocalculatethequalityofNaHCO3,tocalculatethemassfractionofNa2CO3,soAiscorrect;takeagramsmixturewithsufficientdilutehydrochloricacidsufficientreaction,heating,evaporation,ignition,Bgramsofsolidsodiumchloride,equationscanbelistedforB,right;C,takeagramsmixturewithsufficientsulfuricacidreacting,gaswithsodalimeabsorption,weightofBgrams,thegascontainingH2O,soitcannotbesolved;becausethetwocanDandBa(OH)2solutionreactionofBaCO3byprecipitationtransformationtherelationshipbetweenNa2CO3,BaCO3,NaHCO3,BaCO3,columnequationscanbeobtainedbymassfractioninthemixtureofNa2CO3,D. 11.A,BandCarethreecommoncompoundsconsistingofshortcycleelementsintheperiodictable.A,B,Carethreesimpleelements,andtherelationshipsbetweentheseelementsandcompoundsareasfollows: (1)A,B,chemicalformulaCwere________,______,______. (2)acompoundwithelementalionicequationforthereactionofB__________. (3)inA,B,Cthreekindsofcompounds,mustcontainelementsthatare________(representedbysymbols). Answer (1)Na2O2,H2O,NaOH (2)2Na2H2O===2Na2OHH2hav'e (3)O TheanalyticalandBreactionisasubstitutionreactionoffourbasictypesofchemicalreactions,aandBisthechemicalreactionofpropyleneandethylene,reactioniscombinedonthebasisofthethreereactionthatisametal,accordingtothetransformationdiagram,launchedaNa,BH2O,CNaOH,ANa2O2. 12.sodiumburnintheair(asshownontheleft)intheproductionofsolidmaterialinadditiontoapaleyellowpowder,andsolidmaterial--carbonblack. (1)pleaseassumethatthepossiblecauseoftheformationofblacksolidmatteris The_________________________________________________________________hypothesis; The_________________________________________________________________hypothesis; The_________________________________________________________________hypothesis. (2)toconfirmthehypothesisiswrong,somestudentsconcludethatduetothecombinationofabilityofmetallicsodiumandoxygenthancarbonblackcarbonmaybesostrong,carbondioxideandsodiumreplacementreactiongenerated.Thestudentdesignsexperimentsasfollows: Drillaholepuncherwithmetalsodium,takethemiddlepieceofsodiumonfullofcarbondioxidegastube(asshownontheright)intheheating,observedsodiumburningayellowflameandlightyellowsolidandsolidblackgeneration,generationoflightyellowsolidimmediatelybecomewhite.Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions: Thereasonforthepunchfromsodiummetalis______________________________________________; Thechemicalreactiongeneratedabovephenomenonmaybe___________________________________. Answer: (1)thereisnosodiummetalcleankerosene,incompletecombustionofthecarbongeneratedbytheincompletecombustionofalcoholcombustiongeneratedcarbondioxideandalcohol(orcarbondioxideintheair)withsodiummetalreactionofcarbon (2)theobtainedpuresodium2Na(CO2litlight(orpure)CNa2O2,2Na2O22CO2===2Na2CO3O2Na2O22Na===2Na2O) Analysis (1)accordingtothereactionconditionsandreactionenvironment,wecanseethattheblacksubstancecanonlybecarbon.Thereasonfortheformationofcarbonelementsmaybeincompletecombustionofcarboncontainingmaterial,orasubstitutionreactionbetweenCO2andNaintheair. (2)inordertoprovethattheblackcarbonelementisproducedbythereplacementreactionofCO2withsodium,itisnecessarytoexcludetheincompletecombustionofthecarbonaceousmaterial,sothemetalsod
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