浙江版高考英语 附录一构词法.docx
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浙江版高考英语 附录一构词法.docx
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浙江版高考英语附录一构词法
附 录
附录一 构词法
一、派生
(一)后缀法
1.变名词
(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:
存在exist—existence 发生occur—occurrence
查阅/参考refer—reference
更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference
不同differ—difference 接受accept—acceptance
出现/外表appear—appearance 履行perform—performance
抵制resist—resistance 指导guide—guidance
进入enter—entrance 保险insure—insurance
帮助assist—assistance
忍受endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance
(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:
生产produce—production 介绍introduce—introduction
消费consume—consumption 减少reduce—reduction
认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition
毁灭destroy—destruction 描写describe—description
打断interrupt—interruption 采纳/收养adopt—adoption
防止prevent—prevention
接收/接待处receive—reception
解决solve—solution 进化evolve—evolution
建议suggest—suggestion 编辑/版本edit—edition
展览exhibit—exhibition 打算/意图intend—intention
认出recognize—recognition 解释/定义define—definition
保护protect—protection 方向/指导direct—direction
指令instruct—instruction 建设construct—construction
注射inject—injection 感染infect—infection
驳斥reject—rejection
反对object—objection/oppose—opposition
连接connect—connection 收集collect—collection
纠正correct—correction 视察inspect—inspection
挑选select—selection 选举elect—election
限制restrict—restriction
抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction
保留reserve—reservation 保存preserve—preservation
保护conserve—conservation 观察observe—observation
挨饿starve—starvation 组织organize—organization
文明civilize—civilization 认识realize—realization
考试examine—examination 决定determine—determination
形成form—formation 通知inform—information
想象imagine—imagination 运输transport—transportation
邀请invite—invitation 期待expect—expectation
诱惑tempt—temptation 改编/适应adapt—adaptation
移民immigrate—immigration 模仿imitate—imitation
准备prepare—preparation 探索explore—exploration
考虑consider—consideration 宣布declare—declaration
装饰decorate—decoration 激发/灵感inspire—inspiration
放松/休闲relax—relaxation
交流communicate—communication
占用/职业occupy—occupation
满足satisfy—satisfaction 申请/应用apply—application
暗示imply—implication
推荐recommend—recommendation
口译/理解interpret—interpretation
结合combine—combination 操作/手术operate—operation
犹豫hesitate—hesitation 教育educate—education
定位locate—location 指出indicate—indication
参加participate—participation
计算calculate—calculation
欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation
联想/协会associate—association
分离separate—separation 冬眠hibernate—hibernation
赔偿compensate—compensation
调查investigate—investigation
庆祝celebrate—celebration
祝贺congratulate—congratulation
翻译translate—translation
积累accumulate—accumulation
加速accelerate—acceleration 捐赠donate—donation
解放liberate—liberation 动力motivate—motivation
革新innovate—innovation
集中concentrate—concentration
游行/示威demonstrate—demonstration
贡献contribute—contribution 分发distribute—distribution
促进promote—promotion
致力devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication
沮丧frustrate—frustration/depress—depression
印象impress—impression 表达express—expression
拥有/财产possess—possession
讨论discuss—discussion
扩大expand—expansion
延伸extend—extension
承认admit—admission 允许permit—permission
排放emit—emission 爆炸explode—explosion
结论conclude—conclusion 决定decide—decision
划分divide—division 迷惑confuse—confusion
(3)-ment结尾的名词:
广告advertise—advertisement 同意agree—agreement
惊奇amaze—amazement 吃惊astonish—astonishment
通告announce—announcement 安排arrange—arrangement
评估assess—assessment 发展develop—development
失望disappoint—disappointment
雇用/就业employ—employment
鼓舞encourage—encouragement
款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment
装备equip—equipment
统治/政府govern—government
改进improve—improvement 投资invest—investment
卷入involve—involvement 管理manage—management
惩罚punish—punishment 要求require—requirement
退休retire—retirement
定居/定居处settle—settlement
阐述/陈述state—statement 对待/治疗treat—treatment
以……为基础/地下室base—basement
铺/人行道pave—pavement
完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment
(4)-ness结尾的名词:
adj.—n.
意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness
苦bitter—bitterness 盲目blind—blindness
冷静calm—calmness 聪明clever—cleverness
疯狂crazy—craziness 渴望eager—eagerness
公平fair—fairness 愚蠢foolish—foolishness
适合fit—fitness 幸福/愉快happy—happiness
疾病ill—illness 友好kind—kindness
懒惰lazy—laziness 孤独lonely—loneliness
宁静quiet—quietness 悲伤sad—sadness
严重性serious—seriousness 甜美sweet—sweetness
稳定steady—steadiness 厚度thick—thickness
累tired—tiredness 弱点weak—weakness
冷/冷淡cold—coldness
惶恐不安nervous—nervousness
思乡homesick—homesickness
粗心careless—carelessness 自私selfish—selfishness
无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness
无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness
(5)-age结尾的名词:
婚姻marry—marriage 短缺short—shortage
储存store—storage 包裹pack—package
车厢carry—carriage 通道pass—passage
(6)-th结尾的名词:
温暖warm—warmth 真理true—truth
死亡dead—death 成长grow—growth
(7)-ure结尾的名词:
快乐please—pleasure 离开depart—departure
暴露expose—exposure 压力press—pressure
失败fail—failure 混合mix—mixture
签名sign—signature
(8)-ce结尾的名词:
adj.—n.
缺席absent—absence 出席present—presence
信心confident—confidence 方便convenient—convenience
不同different—difference 勤奋diligent—diligence
远的/距离distant—distance
明显的/证据evident—evidence
优秀excellent—excellence 重要important—importance
独立independent—independence
天真/无辜innocent—innocence
智力intelligent—intelligence 公正just—justice
耐心patient—patience 浪漫romantic—romance
沉默silent—silence 暴力violent—violence
v.—n.
冒犯offend—offence
防御defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE)
建议advise—advice 设施devise—device
(9)-dom结尾的名词:
自由free—freedom 王国king—kingdom
智慧wise—wisdom
(10)-hood结尾的名词:
孩童时代childhood 男孩时代boyhood
邻里neighborhood
(11)-ship结尾的名词:
所有权ownership 锦标赛championship
友谊friendship 手艺craftsmanship
奖学金scholarship 领导才能leadership
艰难hardship 关系relationship
(12)-ing结尾的名词:
农业farming 变暖warming
园艺gardening 学业schooling
绘画painting 意思meaning
绘画drawing 训练training
录音tape-recording 衣物clothing
感觉feeling 十字路口crossing
工资earnings 问候greeting
储蓄savings 所发生的事情happenings
发现findings 财产belongings
痛苦suffering 贡品offering
环境surroundings 保龄球bowling
举重weight-lifting 射击shooting
摔跤wrestling
2.变形容词
(1)-y结尾的形容词:
n.—adj.
阳光灿烂的sun—sunny 多雨的rain—rainy
被雪覆盖的snow—snowy 有风的wind—windy
有暴风雨的storm—stormy 寒冷的chill—chilly
多雾的fog—foggy 有霜的frost—frosty
冰冷的ice—icy 阴沉的gloom—gloomy
布满星星的star—starry 泥泞的mud—muddy
布满灰尘的dust—dusty 脏的dirt—dirty
健康的health—healthy 富有的wealth—wealthy
霸道的boss—bossy 臭的smell—smelly
美味的taste—tasty 咸的salt—salty
皮包骨的skin—skinny 贪婪的greed—greedy
迅速的speed—speedy 狡猾的/棘手的trick—tricky
v.—adj.
爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky
黏的stick—sticky 悦耳易记的catch—catchy
害怕的scare—scary 滑溜的slip—slippery
(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:
n.—adj.
全球的globe—global 文化的culture—cultural
农业的agriculture—agricultural 情景的situation—situational
有条件的condition—conditional
环境的environment—environmental
化学的chemistry—chemical 医学的medicine—medical
原始的origin—original 政治的politics—political
实际的practice—practical 理论的theory—theoretical
音乐的music—musical 感情的emotion—emotional
国家的nation—national 自然的nature—natural
个人的person—personal 偶尓的occasion—occasional
精神上的mind—mental 身体上的physics—physical
偶然的accident—accidental
教育的education—educational
技术上的technique—technical
心理上的psychology—psychological
沿海的coast—coastal
种族的race—racial 面部的face—facial
工业的industry—industrial 金融的finance—financial
商业的commerce—commercial 官方的office—official
有益的benefit—beneficial 典型的type—typical
有影响的influence—influential
(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:
感激的thank—thankful=grateful
充足的plenty—plentiful 美丽的beauty—beautiful
成功的success—successful 可怕的awe—awful
忠实的faith—faithful 和平的peace—peaceful
高兴的joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable
非常干净的spot—spotless
无休止的end—endless 无家可归的home—homeless
无工作的job—jobless=unemployed
身无分文的penny—penniless
无私的self—selfless=unselfish
无目标的aim—aimless
无线的wire—wireless 无限的limit—limitless
珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable
毫无价值的value—valueless/worth—worthless
无语的speech—speechless
上气不接下气的breath—breathless
小心的,粗心的care—careful,careless
多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless
有用的,无用的use—useful,useless
成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless
强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless
有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless
痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless
后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless
有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless
闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless
优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless
抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless
有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的help—helpful,helpless
考虑周到的/不周到的thought—thoughtful,thoughtless
(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:
n.—adj.
许多的number—numerous
多山的mountain—mountainous
冒险的adventure—adventurous紧张的nerve—nervous
有毒的poison—poisonous 危险的danger—dangerous
灾难的disaster—disastrous 小心的caution—cautious
营养的nutrition—nutritious 宗教的religion—religious
宽敞的space—spacious
有抱负的ambition—ambitious 神秘的mystery—mysterious
(5)-able,-(s)ible结尾的形容词:
(不)可预见的predict—(un)predictable
(不)可避免的avoid—(un)avoidable
(不)可忘的forget—(un)forgettable
(不)想要的desire—(un)desirable
(不)舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable
有(不)利的favor—(un)favorable
(不)合适的suit—(un)suitable
(不)可忍受的bear—(un)bearable
(不)可忍受的endure—(un)endurable
(不)可信的believe—(un)believable
(不)可信的credit—(in)credible
(不)可接近的access—(in)accessible
看(不)见的view—(in)visible
(不)可治愈的cure—(in)curable
支付得起的afford—affordable
适应力强的adapt—adaptable
可更新的renew—renewable
便携的port—portable
多变的change—changeable
可吃的eat—eatable
可依靠的rely—reliable
可行的work—workable
有价值的value—valuable
合理的reason—reasonable
高兴的enjoy—enjoyable
流行的fashion—fashionable
(6)-tive结尾的形容词:
v.—adj.
多产的produce—productive 迷人的attract—attractive
有创造力的create—creative 保护的protect—protective
预防性的prevent—preventative 健谈的tal
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