六 特殊句型的被动语态.docx
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六 特殊句型的被动语态.docx
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六特殊句型的被动语态
初中被动语态的特殊结构形式
特殊形式考的很多,除了昨天的不同时态的被动语态,现在的特殊形式也是另一个考点
一带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为:
情态动词+be+过去分词。
例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.
二特殊句型的被动语态:
⑴含有使役动词(make/let/have)或感官动词(hear,see,listento,lookat,find,watch,feel等)的句子,在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式,但是在改成被动语态时,则一定要把省去的to再加上去,另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。
例:
①Motheroftenmakesmedosomehousework.
→Iamoftenmadetodosomehouseworkbymother.
②Wesawhimrunintotheclassroom.
→Hewasseentorunintotheclassroombyus.
⑵teach,give,pass,show,buy,tell等动词常常带有两个宾语(双宾语:
直接宾语和间接宾语),改为被动语态时,两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。
如果直接宾语被提前作主语,那么间接宾语(一般是人)前要加相应的介词to/for。
例:
①Shegavemeapen.=Shegaveapentome.
→Iwasgivenapenbyher.
→Apenwasgiventomebyher.
②Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.=Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme.
→Iwasboughtanewbikebymyfather.
→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.
⑶由不及物动词(vi)+介词/副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态时,介词或副词不能丢掉。
(前面已举过两例)
例:
①Weshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.
→Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely(byus).
②Hetookawaythebox..
→Theboxwastakenawaybyhim.
⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。
(宾补放在原来位置不变)
例:
①WecallhimXiaoMa.
主谓 宾宾补
→HeiscalledXiaoMabyus.
②Hefoundthebookveryinteresting.
→Thebookwasfoundveryinterestingbyhim.
三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。
有:
Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。
例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)
四没有被动语态的动词:
1.没有被动语态的词,表示状态或特征的及物动词如cost,fit,have,suit,writewell(好写),sellwell(好卖)等没有被动形式,另外,诸如happen=takeplace,breakout(爆发),breakdown(坏了)等不及物动词或短语以及诸如resultfrom(缘于),belongto,等只用主动语态,而不用被动语态
2不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear, die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,last(持续),lie,remain,sit,spread(传播),stand,cometrue,fallasleep,...
3.大多数系动词:
be,feel(摸起来),sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来)taste(尝起来)等词无被动语态,它们的主动形式表示被动意义。
例:
①Theskirtfeelsverysoft.这件裙子摸起来很柔软。
②Manychangeshavehappenedinourhometown.
③Thefilmlastedfor3months
语法专练
一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1.WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.
_______________________________________________________________________________.
2.Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.
_______________________________________________________________________________.
3.Isawtheboyentertheroom.
_________________________________________________________________________.
4.Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.
_______________________________________________________________________________.
5.Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougotobed.
______________________________________________________________________________.
二、选择填空:
1.Thereadingroom________yesterdayafternoon.
A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned
2.Theworkersweremade________tenhoursaday.
A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked
3.Food________inacoolplaceinsummer.
A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept
4.Thepen________well.
A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing
5.Greatchanges________inthetownsince1988.
A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplace
C.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace
6.Ourcompositionsmust________nextMonday.
A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandingin
7.Thechildwill________backtohisparentsnextmonth.
A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending
8.Theclassroom________now
A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaning
C.isbeingcleanedD.iscleaned
9.Nopermission允许has________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.
A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begiven
10.I_______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven
11.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?
A.preventfromB.preventedfrom
C.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom
12.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
三、用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
用一个或几个单词
1.Canhe________(speak)English?
2.Whatlanguage________(speak)inthatcountry?
3.Thefilm________(show)manytimessincelastSunday.
4.TheseTVsets________(make)inSichuan.
5.Ithasgotsodark.Wouldyouplease________(turn)onthelight?
6.Anewhospital________(build)inthisareanow.
7.I________(tell)thathe________(notcome)justnow.
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