懂你英语笔记L4U2.docx
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懂你英语笔记L4U2.docx
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懂你英语笔记L4U2
L4——U2——1/4listening
Earthformsandextinction
A
1.Theearthwasformedaboutfourpointsixbillion(46亿)yearsago.
2.Thefirstlifeappearedaboutabillion(10亿)yearslater.
3.Thefirstplant-likedidn’tappearuntilaroundtwobillion(20亿)yearsago.
4.Untilaboutfivehundredeightymillion(五亿八千万)yearsagolifeformsweresmallandmicroscopic(极小的,微小的).
5.Sincethattime,lifehasevolved(进化)intomanydifferenttypesorspecies.
6.Howeverscientistsestimate(估计)thatmorethanninetyninepercent(99%)ofthemarenowextinct(灭绝的).
B
1.Therehavebeenseveralextinction(绝种)eventsinthehistoryoftheearth.
2.Inanextinctioneventsmanylifeformsorspeciesoflifedieout.
3.Thecausesofmassextinctioneventsareunsolvedmysteries(未解之谜).
4.Theseeventsarenotpredictable(预告)andcanhappenatanytime.
5.Scientiststhinkthatsomeofthemwerestartedbyasteroidimpacts(影响,碰击或者装机)orvolcaniceruptions(火山爆发).
6.Eventslikethis,canchangetheglobalconditionsthatlifedependson.
C
1.Onemajorextinctioneventhappenedaboutsixty-sixmillion(6600万)yearsago.
2.Thateventmayhavebeenstartedbyalargeasteroidthathittheearth.
3.Asaresult,thedinosaursandabouthalfofallspecies(物种,种类,类型)ontheplanetdieout.
4.Whentheasteroidshittheearth,itstartedachainofevents.
5.Achainofeventsisaseriesofeventslinkedtogetherlikeachain.
D
1.Thisparticularchainofeventshappenedoveraperiodofmonthsandyears.
2.Whentheasteroidhittheearth,itcausedahugecloudofdusttoentertheatmosphere.
3.ThiscloudofdustblockedtheSunanddarkenedtheEarthformanymonths.
4.Withoutenoughsunlight,plantsandplant-eatinganimalsquicklydied.
5.Withthedeathsofsomanyplantsandanimals,thefoodchaincollapsed.
6.Thisledtothedeathsofmanymorespecies.
E
1.Massextinctioneventshaveplayedanimportantpartintheevolution(演变,发生,进化论)oflife.
2.Infact,someextinctioneventshavehelpedtoaccelerate(加快,加速)evolution.
3.Forexample,somemammals(哺乳动物)livedthroughtheageofthedinosaurs,buttheycouldn’tcompete(竞争).
4.Whenthedinosaurswereremoved,themammalswereabletocompetemoresuccessfully.
5.Oncetheycouldcompete,mammalsevolvedtoahigherstate.
6.Withoutextinctionevents,perhapswewouldn’tbeheretoday.
Existence(存在)
F
1.Scientistsestimate(估计,预测)thattherehavebeenatleastfivemassextinctions(五次大灭绝)inthelastfivehundredfortymillionyears.
2.Theyalsobelievethatwehaveenteredanewextinctionevents.
3.Speciesarebecomingextinctatamuchfasterratethanbefore.
4.Insteadofasteroidsorvolcaniceruptionsthecurrent(最近的)eventsistheresultofhumanactivities.
5.Humanactivitiesforexamplehaveledtoglobalwarming.
G
1.globalwarmingistheresultofanincreaseincarbongases(含碳气体)inouratmosphere.
2.Thesegasestrapheat(阻碍热量排放)fromthesun,sotheEarthisgettingwarmer.
3.Asaresult,sealevelsarerisingandweatherpatterns(气候模式)arechanging.
4.Inaddition(另外),wehumansaredestroyingthehabitats(动物的栖息地)ofmanyplantsandanimals.
5.Cuttingdownforestsandpollutingriversdestroythehabitatsofmanyformsoflife.
H
1.Thereisnolongeranydoubtthatthisishappening.
2.Species(物种,类型)oflifearedisappearingatanincreasingrate.
3.Globaltemperaturesarerisingandweatherpatternsarechanging.
4.Scientistsarewarningusthatfastactionisnecessarytosaveourfuture.
5.Ifwedon’tact,wemaygothewayofthedinosaurs.
练:
1.(读)thisnewextinctioneventiscausedbyhumans.
2.It’swhenanasteroidcollideswithsomething.
3.AnasteroidhittheEarthandstartedachainofevents.
4.Withtheriseintemperature.Thepolaricecapsaremelting.
L4——U2——1/4vocabulary
Bodyorgan2andhumanbeingevolution(进化)
A
1.Thebody’scirculatory(循环的)systemincludestheheartandbloodvessels(血管).
2.Theheartpumpsbloodtoallpartsofthebodythroughanetwork(网络,网状物)ofarteries(动脉)andveins(静脉).
3.Thedigestsystem(消化系统)breaksdown(分解)andabsorbed(吸收)foodintothebody.
4.Itsuppliestheenergythatthebodyneedsforgrowthandrepair.
5.Afterdigestion,excess(超重,超量)foodisturnedintowasteandeliminated(排除,消除)fromthebody.
6.Thenervoussystemsincludethebrain,spinal(脊柱的)cord(脊髓)andnerves.
7.Thisisyourbodiescontrolsystem.
8.Itcontrolsyourmuscles(肌肉)andorgans(器官)includingyourcirculatory(循环)anddigest(消化)system.
9.Therespiratory(呼吸的)systemincludesthenoseandlungs.
10.Itbringsairandoxygenintothebodyandremovescarbondioxide(二氧化碳).
11.Thelungsarewhereoxygenentersthebloodstream(血流,体内循环的血液)and(二氧化碳)carbondioxide(二氧化物)isremoved.
12.Theimmune(免疫的)systemprotectsthebodyagainstinfections(传染,感染,传染病)anddiseases.
13.Sneezing(打喷嚏)andfeverareexampleofhowtheimmunesystemworks.
14.Ifaninfectioninvades(侵入)thebodytheimmunesystemattacks(攻击)it.
练:
1.Thebloodvessels(血管)thatcarryoxygen-richbloodfromtheheartarecalledarteries(动脉).
2.Thenervoussystemregulates(控制,管理,调节)yourheartbeatanddigestion.
3.Forsomediseases,theimmunesystemuseswhitebloodcellsandantibodies(抗体)toattackit.
4.Thedigestsystemiswherefoodisbrokendownandabsorbedintothebody.
B
1.Thecontrolleduseoffireallowedpeopletocookfoodandsurviveincolderclimates.
2.Fireprovidedlightsothatpeoplecouldworkandsocializeforlongerhours.
3.Withtheinventionofagriculture(农耕,农业)peoplecouldgrowfoodinsettleintocommunities.
4.Bygrowingfood,peoplecanspendlesstimehunting(打猎)andmoretimeforotherthings,suchasart.
5.Thedomestic(家庭的,家的,国内的,驯养的)actionofanimalsallowedpeopletoraiseanduseanimalsforfoodandwork.
6.Byraisingherds(放牧)ofanimalssuchassheep,humanshadaregularsupplyofmeatandclothing.
7.Thestrengthofanimalssuchashorsesoroxenwasusedforworkandtransportation.
8.Thedevelopmentoftoolsandmachineshasresultedinmoreefficient(有效率的)manufacturing(制造业)andconstruction(建筑物,建造业).
9.Withbettertoolandmachines,workcanbedonewithfewerpeopleandatmuchlowercost.
10.Thedevelopmentofsciencesandengineeringhasapproved(经核准的,被认可的)manythings,includingcommunications.
11.Withunderstandingofelectricity,telephonesandradiosallowpeopletocommunicateoverlongdistances.
练:
1.(听)theuseofmachineshasreducedthenumberofpeopleneededtomakethings.
2.(听)Scienceandengineeringhavechangedthewaywecommunicatewitheachother.
3.(听)scienceandengineeringbreakthroughsarerapidlychangingthewayweliveourlives.
4.(听)withthedevelopmentofagriculture(农耕,农业),peoplehadmoretimeforotheractivities.
5.(填)Theabilitytoraiseherdsofanimalssuchassheephumanshadaregularsupplyofmeatandclothing.
6.Theabilitytoraiseherdsofanimalsgavehumansaregularsupplyofmeatandclothing.
L4——U2——1/4dialogue
Aboutsmartphone
A
1.Itookavacationlastnight.
2.Whatareyoutalkingabout?
3.Wheredidyoutakeyourvacation?
4.Ididn’tgoanywhere.
5.Ijustspendaneveningwithoutmysmartphone.
6.Howwasit?
7.Itwasgreat!
Igotarealmagazineandreaditwithnointerruption.
8.Itwasverypeaceful.
9.Yes,Ihaven’tdonethatinalongtime.
B
1.Youknowwhat?
2.I’mbeginningtohatesmartphones.
3.Really,butyoucan’tlivewithoutone,right?
4.Yes,that’stheproblem.
5.Thesethingsarechangingthewaypeoplelive.
C
1.Yes,Ijustsawadocumentaryaboutthat.
2.Ahusbandwascomplainingtohiswifethatshewasspendingtoomuchtimeonhersmartphone.
3.Whathappened?
Didtheygetadivorce(离婚)?
4.Youguessedit.Intheend,theygotadivorce.
D
1.It’sbigIrunning,don’tyouthink?
2.Smartphonesweresupposedtobringpeopletogether,buttheyarepullingpeopleapart.
3.Yes,youareright.
4.Hi,justaminute,Ihavegotamessageonmysmartphoneanditcan’twait.
E
1.Hey,wakeupandgetbacktowork.
2.What’swrongwithyou?
3.I’monmybreak,sir.AndIhaveabadheadache.
4.Well,we’renotpayingyoutosleep.
5.Ifyougoingtosleep,sleepsomeplaceselse.
6.Yea,sir.Sorry,itwon’thappenagain.
7.Ithadbetternot.
F
1.Justaminute.
2.Don’ttalktomelikethat.
3.Whatdidyousay?
4.Youhurtme,youdon’thaveatreatpeoplelikethat.
5.Well,ifyoudon’tlikeit.Isuggestyouleave.
6.Ok,Iwill.I’vehadenoughofyou.
7.I’llgetajobsomewhereelse.
练:
1.Ifsomeoneisinterrupted,theyhavetostopwhattheyaredoing.
2.Insteadofbringingpeopletogether,theyarepullingthemapart.
L4——U2——2/4listening
Seethingsfromdifferentpointofview
A
1.Thismanisholdingapieceoffruitinhishand.
2.Thepieceoffruitiseitheranorangeoranapple.
3.Wecan’tseewhichitisbecausewecan’tseeinsidethebox.
4.Theprobabilitythatitisanorangeisequaltotheprobabilitythatitisanapple.
5.Itmaybeanappleanditmaybeanorange
6.It’sgottobeoneortheother.
7.Itcan’tbeanythingelse.
B
1.Now,let’slookatitfromtheman’spointofview.
2.Fromhispointofviewtheprobabilitiesisdifferent.
3.Fromhispointofview,theprobabilitythatisanorangeisonehundredpercentorzeropercent.
4.That’sbecauseheknowswhathehas.
5.Forhim,thereisnouncertainty(不确定性).
6.Ifhehasanorange,theprobabilityisonehundredpercent.
7.Ifhedoesn’thaveanorange,theprobabilityiszeropercent.
8.Heeitherhasitorhedoesn’t.
C
1.Fromourpointofviewtheprobabilitythathehasanorangeisfiftypercent.
2.Fromhispointofview,theprobabilitythatthere’sanorangeisonehundredpercentorzeropercent.
3.Sothepro
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