八大时态语法总结.docx
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八大时态语法总结.docx
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八大时态语法总结
八大时态语法总结
一、时态
一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时
1.一般现在时
表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
(1)含有be动词的句子
★一般肯定句
Heisateacher.
Thegirlisverybeautiful.
TimandJackarestudents.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Isheateacher?
Isthegirlverybeautiful?
AreTimandJackstudents?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
Heisnotateacher.
Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.
TimandJackarenotstudents.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,heis.No,heisnot.
Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.
Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.
(2)不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子
A、第三人称hesheit单数及单数名词appleapples(复数名词=they)
★一般肯定句
Helikesbooks.
Shelikeshim.
Thedoglikesbones.
★变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型
Doeshelikebooks?
Doesshelikehim?
doesn't,动词变为原型,原
Doesthedoglikebones?
★变否定句在主语及动词之间加句中的动词不再有第三人称变化
Hedoesn'tlikebooks.
Shedoesn'tlikehim.
Thedogdoesn'tlikebones.
★肯定回答及否定回答:
Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.
Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn't
Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn't.
注意:
第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词
复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。
B、其他人称及复数名词★一般肯定句Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.
Thestudentslikesmartteachers.
★变疑问句在句首加do
Doyouwanttohaveabath?
Dowehaveanymeat?
Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don't.
Youdon'twanttohaveabath.
Wedon'thaveanymeat.
Thestudentsdon'tlikesmartteachers.★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Ido.No,Idon't.
Yes,wedo.No,wedon't
Yes,theydo.No,theydon't.
2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成:
主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)
★一般肯定句
Wearehavinglunch.
Heisreadingabook.
Thedogisrunningafteracat.
Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.
★变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Arewehavinglunch?
Ishereadingabook?
Isthedogrunningafteracat?
Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?
★变否定句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.
Heisnotreadingabook.
Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.
Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.
★特殊疑问句:
what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词
Whatareyoudoing?
Whatisshedoing?
Whatisthedogdoing?
(必背)没有进行时的动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
1.表示感觉,感官的词
see,hear,like,love,want,
2.have,has当“拥有”讲时候没有进行时
3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,
(1)含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were
★一般肯定句
Iwasatthebutcher's.
Youwereastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.
★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首
Wereyouatthebutcher's?
Wereyouastudentayearago?
Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?
★变否定句在be动词后面加not
Iwasnotatthebutcher's.
Youwerenotastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答
Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.
Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.
Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑问句:
Whatdidyoudo?
(必背)
(2)不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录
★一般肯定句
Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboywenttoarestaurant.
TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?
Didtheboygotoarestaurant?
DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.
TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.
4.现在完成时
构成:
主语+助动词have,has+过去分词
A、用法:
(1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just,usually,
already,since等时间副词连用
Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了,不用再吃了)
Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝)
Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)
Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)
(2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:
Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
HaveyoubeentoBeijing?
Haveheseenthefilm?
(3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.
Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.
(4)表示一种经历,经验:
去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情
Ihaveneverhadabath.
Ihaveneverseenafilm.
Ihaveneverbeentocinema.
IhaveeverbeentoParis.
Havebeento表示去过,havegoneto表示去了
IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)
HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)
(5)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用
Ihavelostmypen.
Ihavehurtmyself.
Hehasbecomeateacher.
Shehasbrokenmyheart.
B、句型变化:
not.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?
Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.
★特殊疑问句:
Whathaveyoudone?
Whathashedone?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时
注意:
有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用
与昔:
I'veleftBeijingfor3days.
对:
IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.
5.一般将来时
表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,nextyear,theday
time,etc.
aftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours
表示将来的词联用
结构:
主语+助动词will+动词原形
★一般肯定句
IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?
WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?
WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?
★变否定句在助动词后面加not
IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.
ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.
Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.
Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.
Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.★特殊疑问句:
Whatwillyoudo?
6.过去完成时:
用法:
在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
结构:
had+过去分词★一般肯定句
Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.
After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?
★变否定句在助动词后面加not
Shehadn'tfinishedherhomework.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,shehad.No,shehadn't.
★特殊疑问句:
Whathadshedone?
7.过去进行时
表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。
结构:
was/were+doing
Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.
Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.
8过去将来时结构:
woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.
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