高中语法.docx
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高中语法.docx
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高中语法
高考英语语法精要讲解
目录
名词……………………………………………………………………………3
数词……………………………………………………………………………5
冠词……………………………………………………………………………6
代词……………………………………………………………………………10
形容词…………………………………………………………………………16
副词……………………………………………………………………………16
介词……………………………………………………………………………20
基本句型………………………………………………………………………22
IT句型…………………………………………………………………………24
ThereBe句型………………………………………………………………25
主谓一致………………………………………………………………………26
时态……………………………………………………………………………31
时态的综合问题…………………………………………………………31
一般现在时………………………………………………………………31
现在进行时………………………………………………………………31
一般将来时………………………………………………………………32
现在完成时………………………………………………………………33
一般过去时………………………………………………………………34
过去进行时………………………………………………………………35
过去将来时………………………………………………………………36
过去完成时………………………………………………………………36
语态……………………………………………………………………………37
情态动词………………………………………………………………………43
虚拟语气………………………………………………………………………52
句子结构………………………………………………………………………55
特殊疑问句………………………………………………………………55
反意疑问句………………………………………………………………56
否定句……………………………………………………………………59
倒装句……………………………………………………………………60
感叹句……………………………………………………………………61
祈使句……………………………………………………………………62
省略与替代………………………………………………………………62
从句………………………………………………………………………66
从句的基本形式…………………………………………………………66
主语从句…………………………………………………………………66
表语从句…………………………………………………………………66
宾语从句…………………………………………………………………67
同位语从句………………………………………………………………67
名词性从句的综合问题…………………………………………………67
What-clause………………………………………………………………68
状语从句…………………………………………………………………68
定语从句…………………………………………………………………75
非谓语动词…………………………………………………………………78
动词不定式………………………………………………………………78
分词………………………………………………………………………81
动名词……………………………………………………………………83
2008年高考英语单项填空分类汇编………………………………………86
名词、数词、冠词
一、名词
1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题:
名词的数:
单数、复数和不可数;
名词的格:
通格和属格(’s)
名词的限定:
特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法,即名词前加冠词或
其它限定词,例如:
some,many,this,my等
2、名词的数和单位词:
1)复型名词+复数动词
Thetrousersaretoobigforme.Pleaseshowmethesmallerpair.
备用词:
shoes,stockings,glasses,socks
NOTICE:
Apairofglassescostsquitealot.
2)复型名词+单数动词
A.ThenewsonTVisseldomsatisfying.
备用词:
mathematics,physics,politics,means,works,theUnitedStates
B.Twentymilesisalongwaytowalk.
备用词:
fivepounds,twofeet,sixweeks
3)集合名词+复数名词
Thepolicehavesurroundedthebuilding.
Cattlearesellingforrecordprice(创记录).
备用词:
theenemy,(the)people
NOTICE:
表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用,
但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数:
Myfamilyarewonderful.Theydoalltheycanforme.
Thefamilywhichnowconsistsoffourmembersatmostis
smallerthanitusedtobe.
4)不可数名词作可数的情况
A.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况
a(an)+adj.+n.
Itlookslikerain.athirstyforknowledge(求知欲)
aheavyrainHehasagoodknowledgeofpolitics.
备用词:
snow,breakfast,wine,oil,education
B.口语特例(特定场合)
A(One)beer,please.
Twoteasandfourcoffees,please.
5)既是可数又是不可数的名词
Ibrokeaglassthismorning.(杯子)
Glassismadefromsand.(玻璃)
备用词:
paper/apaper,light(光)/alight(灯);
ice(冰)/anice(冰激凌),chicken(鸡肉)/achicken(雏鸡)
6)单位词
A.个数
apieceofinformation(furniture,advice…)
B.以形状表示个数
agrainofrice,aflightofstairs
C.容量
aboxofmatches,acupoftea
D.计量
ametreofcloth,atonofcoal
E.其它
a(new)setoftools(wires,teeth,rules)
3、名词的格:
1)’s的用法
A.与时间有关的名词
anight’ssleeptenminutes’walk
NOTICE:
atwo-hourwalk=twohours’walk
B.和else连用
bookcanthisbe?
A.Whoelse’sB.Whoseelse
C.Who’selseD.Whoseelse’s(A)
C.‘s修饰的词,如果前面提到,可省略
ThisisJack’sbook,notTom’s.
ThisbookisJack’snotTom’s.
D.表示店、铺、家、诊所等,‘s后面的名词省略
attheGreen’s(house),atthedoctor’s(office)
2)OF结构表示所有关系
A.无生命的名词用of
thepriceofthesuccess
B.有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用of
Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?
3)双重所有格
‘s与of结构并用,此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等
MissSmithisafriendofMary’smother’s.
thatbrotherofthegirl
4)名词+名词(名词用作形容词)
A.单数名词+名词 ashoe(flower)shopticketoffice
NOTICE:
thetailor’s(shop)
B.复数名词 + 名词
sportsmeetclothesshopwomenpilots
二、数词
1、数词在使用时应注意的问题:
●易错数词:
● 年月日及介词
● 计算用词
● 和数字相关的词
2、综合
1)数字表达:
123,856,709
onehundredandtwenty-threemillion,eighthundredand
fifty-sixthousand,sevenhundredandnine
2)年月日inthemorning;onthemorningofSeptember1;
inSeptember;in1988;onSeptember1(onthefirstofSeptember)
3、计算
+ Sixandfiveis(are)eleven.
Sixhundredplusfortyis(equals)sixhundredandforty.
- Fourfromsevenis(leaves)three.
Sixhundredminusonehundredequalsfivehundred.
X16x11=176
Sixteentimeselevenis(makes)onehundredandseventy-six.
÷9÷3=3
Ninedividedbythreeequalsthree.
4、dozen,score
A.threedozeneggs;threedozenoftheseeggs;dozensofeggs
B.threescoreyears;a(three)scoreofpeople;scoresoftimes
5、小数,分数,百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.
分数和百分数引导的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数,其谓语动词用复数形式;如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.
Morethan40percentofthestudentswearglasses.
70percentodthefund(资金)wassuppliedbytheGovernment.
6、“一个半...”的表达法.
onepoundandahalf,oneandahalfyears
三、冠词
1、冠词应注意的问题
● 习惯用法
● 同一名词前不同名词的比较
2、不定冠词
1)成对的名词(此类名词间常有一种自然的联系)
aknifeandfork
2)amost+n.“非常“Thisisamostbeautifulcountry.
3)a(an)与one之区别
A.数字对比用oneItwasonecoffeeweordered,nottwo.
B.对比 Aknifeisnogood. (刀子不行)
Oneknifeisnogood. (一把刀子不行)
C.通用 a(one)million,a(one)quarter
4)a(an)与every之比较:
threetimesayear;twiceeverythreeyears
5)惯用法 A.Whatasurprise!
Whatalovelydress!
quiteanicedayratheragoodidea
suchafunnyexpression
B.toocoldadayHowlovelyadress!
sostrangeapersonasgoodamapas
3、定冠词
1)普通名词组成的专有名词theGreatWalltheSummerPalace
2)江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾thePacific(Ocean)
3)the+adj.(-ing;-ed)
A.指一类人,谓语用复数
Theoldarebeingtakengoodcareof.
B.指一类事,谓语用单数
Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthesameasthegood.
4)用在radio,piano,telephone,方位、次序、自然现象(rain)、身体
部位前Hehatesthetelephone.
5)被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前
Theboywhoyouarelookingfor(inblue,there,standingthere,
dressedinblue)isastudent.
4、零冠词
1)街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等
NationalDayNanjingRoad
2)职位充当补语、同位语时
Hewaselectedheadmasteroftheschool.
3)成对出现的成语
arminarm(手挽手),handinhand(手牵手),facetoface,
sidebyside(肩并肩),dayandnight,youngandold,
fromdoortodoor,frommorningtillnight,frombeginningtoend
5、冠词比较
1)gotoschool(hospital,church);inprison(强调用途)
gototheschool,visittheprison(强调建筑物本身)
2)I’llgotherenextFriday.(以说话时间为准)
In1989,hewas28,andthenextyear,hewas29.(以所给时间为准)
3)byair(plane,boat…)inaspaceship(onthebike,onthebus)
4)Openthewindowtoletinfreshair.(泛指)
Theairintheroomisnotfresh.(特指)
5)beattablebeatthetable
6)acupofcoffeeTwocoffees,please.Ilikewhitecoffee.
Thisisaverygoodcoffee.ThecoffeeonthetableisTom’s.
7)Mr.Whiteiswaitingtoseeyou.AMr.Whiteiswaitingtoseeyou.
TheMr.Whiteyouarelookingforiswaitingtoseeyou.
8)Ahorseisausefulanimal.Thehorseisausefulanimal.
Horsesareusefulanimals.
9)thebestseasonoftheyearthebesttimeofyear
EXERCISES1(单选)
1.---I’dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.
---Well,youcouldhavewordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.
A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a
2.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtohavea.
A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice
3.Hedroppedtheandbrokeit.A.cupofcoffee
B.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup
4.Thereareonlytwelveinthehospital.A.womandoctors
B.womendoctorsC.womendoctorD.womandoctor
5.---Howmanydoesacowhave?
---Four.
A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.stomachines
6.Theofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof.(AADBCA)
A.roofs,leavesB.rooves,leafsC.roof,leafD.roofs,leafs
7.Thatwasafiftyengine.A.horsepower
B.horsespowerC.horsepowersD.horsespowers
8.---Howfarawayisitfromheretoyourschool?
---It’sabout.
A.halfanhour’sdriveB.halfhoursdrives
C.halfanhourdrivesD.halfanhourdrive
9.LastweekIcalledatmy.
A.auntB.auntsC.aunt’sD.aunts’s
10.You’llfindthismapofgreatinhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.
A.priceB.costC.usefulnessD.value
11.AlexanderGrahamBellinventedtelephonein1876.
A.不填B.aC.theD.one
12.---Where’sJack?
---Ithinkhe’sstillinbedbuthemightjustbeinbathroom.A.不填,不填B.the,the
C.the,不填D.不填,the(AACDCD)
13.Manypeoplearestillinhabitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.A.the,theB.不填,不填
C.the,不填D.不填,the
14.Sheisnewcomertochemistrybustshehasalreadymadesome
importantdiscoveries.
A.the,theB.the,不填C.a,不填D.a,the
15.---Haveyouseenpen?
Ileftitherethismorning.
---Isitblackone?
IthinkIsawitsomewhere.
A.a,theB.the,theC.a,aD.the,a
16.PapermoneywasinuseinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthe
countryinthirteenthcentry.
A.the,不填B.不填,theC.the,theD.不填,不填
17.Thewarmthofsweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof
woolused.
A.the,theB.the,不填C.不填,theD.不填,不填
18.SummersinsouthofFranceareformostpartdryandsunny.
A.不填,aB.the,不填C.不填,不填D.the,the(CCCBBD)
19.Aroughestimate,Nigeriais__________GreatBritain.(05上海卷)(D)
A.threetimesthesizeasB.thesizethreetimesof
C.threetimesasthesizeofD.threetimesthesizeof
20.Heprovedhimselfatruegentlemanandthebeautyofhis_______wasseenatitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.(05上海卷)(D)
A.temperB.appearanceC.talentD.character
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