双筒棱镜望远镜课件设计.docx
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双筒棱镜望远镜课件设计.docx
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双筒棱镜望远镜课件设计
双筒棱镜望远镜设计班级:
学号:
姓名:
指导老师:
目录一、设计任务二、外形尺寸计算三、像差容限计算和选型四、P、W法计算初始结构五、像差像差数据和曲线六、像质评价和光瞳衔接七、学习体会八、光学零件图和系统图
一、设计任务双筒棱镜望远镜设计,采用普罗I型棱镜转像,系统要求为:
1、望远镜的放大率Γ=6倍;2、物镜的相对孔径D/f′=1:
4(D为入瞳直径,D=30mm);3、望远镜的视场角2ω=8°;4、仪器总长度在110mm左右,视场边缘允许50%的渐晕;5、棱镜最后一面到分划板的距离>=14mm,棱镜采用K9玻璃,两棱镜间隔为2~5mm。
6、lz′>8~10mm二、外形尺寸计算已知望远镜为参数:
Γ=6,D/f′=1:
4,D=30mm,2ω=8°,L=110mm视场边缘允许50%的渐晕;棱镜最后一面到分划板的距离>=14mm1.求,''ff12'fD4120mm1''ff/20mm212.求出瞳D=5mmD/D3.求视场'D2f=tan4=16.7824mm1视
4.求2''tan=tan245.55.计算棱镜由棱镜几何关系知K=L/D=2h7.512015设棱镜高h,则mmh8.27988.39127.5120D=2h=16.574mmL=2D=33.15mm取d=33.5mm6.计算目镜到棱镜距离120dh设物镜与棱镜的距离为d,则d需满足D1202d53.7616mm三、相差容限计算和选型1.象差容限
(1)物镜像差容限①球差'10H球差容限L0.0377m''2nsinUm6'0.707H球差容限L0.22630.707h''2nsinUm②正弦差'K0.02s''2nsinUm
③色差在0.5OH接近0
(2)目镜像差容限目镜需要校正的有正慧差、像散、场曲、畸变、倍率色差3030~6060'K0.0140.0140.014T'x1.62.40.8ts'x1.62.40.8tq7%12%5%'y0.030.060.02FC2.选型
(1)物镜选型望远镜物镜视场较小,需要校正球差、色差和正弦差等轴上色差。
根据物镜特点和要求选择:
双胶合物镜。
双胶合物镜结构简单,制造装配方便,光能损失小,玻璃选择得当,可以同时校正球差、色10差和正弦差,适用于小孔径的使用场合,视场角小于。
对于有棱镜转向系统的望远镜,采用物镜和棱镜互补的方案校正像差。
(2)目镜选型目镜特点:
小孔径,大视场,短焦距,光阑远离透镜组的光学系统,轴上像差较小,轴外色差难校正。
根据目镜特点和设计要求选择:
凯涅尔目镜。
凯涅尔目镜特点:
增加一个胶合面用来校正倍率色差,同时把场镜和接远目镜的间隔进
一步减小,结构减小,场曲减小。
成像质量优于冉斯登目镜,视场大4050于冉斯登目镜,视场约为到之间。
四、P、W法计算初始结构1、物镜计算
(1)选取双胶合物镜h’’’D=30mm,h=15mm,h=0,J=nuy=1.0489,其中'u0.125Z'f
(2)计算平板象差u=0.125,u==-0.0698,,,d233.567n1.516364.14Z2n14u0.006096SdIP3nuZSS()0.003404PIPu2d(n1)2u0.003667CIP2n
(2)物镜象差由物镜和棱镜互补得;S0.006096IS0.003404PC0.003667ICIC0.001956①求I2n②求P、WSIP0.0004046h
SW0.0032453JW③求、PPP0.208083(h)W0.2077W2(h)④求P,WPPWW⑤求P0取冕牌在前,则2PP0.85(W0.1)0.198220C0.002I根据及查阅《光学仪器设计手册》,选取玻璃BaK2()Pn1.5399C10I和ZF2()n1.67252另查表得,,,,2.031102P0.260234Q4.208478A2.40100,W0.073668K1.700求形状参数:
QPP0
(1)QQ0AWW0
(2)QQ0K从式
(1)求得的两个Q值和式
(2)求得的Q值进行比较,取其接近
(2)式的值与
(2)式值求平均值,得Q4.2478990
⑤计算透镜各面半径双胶合薄透镜组的结构参数包括三个折射球面的曲率半径(),两种玻璃材料的折射率()和平均色散()。
在n,n,r,r,r1212123规化条件下,双胶合薄透镜的,则有:
f'1112式中,分别为两个透镜的光焦度,由上式得:
12121若玻璃材料已选定,光焦度也确定的条件下,只要确定三个折射球面曲率半径之一,其余两个也就确定了。
因此,三个半径也只有一个独立变数,故双胶合薄透镜组以或为独立变数,并以阿r1/r222贝不变量Q来表示之:
Q1/r2121透镜弯曲的形状由Q决定,所以Q称为形状系数。
综上所述,用以表示双胶合薄透镜的全部独立结构参数为:
。
至于球面半径或其曲率,可由下式求得:
n,,n,,,Q11221
'fQ21r2'fn由111Q12n1rn1111'f11n112Q31rrn1n1n122322由上式计算得:
n11,Q1.5451991n11,Q2.13795521n12Q0.683550;31n1n122mm,r77.8897301r54.132156mm2r175.55156mm3⑥求两个透镜的中心厚度:
d,d12求各个折射面的矢高:
x,x,x123Dr0取“-”号外22当xrr()2r<0取“+”号mmx1.6660851代入数据得:
mmx2.3287972x0.7306417mm3凸透镜的边缘最小厚度的计算:
t1D3x3x21外t1.974598mm110凹透镜的边缘最小厚度的计算:
t2
D8x8x32外t4.550397mm210求第一块透镜的中心厚度:
d1dtxx6.057334mm1121求第二块透镜的中心厚度:
d2dtxx2.862405mm22322、目镜计算
(1)选取凯涅耳物镜'出瞳,,,'''D5mm245.5f20mml10mmZ
(2)求结构参数‘‘接目镜f1.2f24mm眼目ShPJW0ZIu22ShP2JhWJ0ZZn2PP0.85(W0.15)00.4h.ZP0W2.6P0由物镜出瞳与目镜入瞳相对于物镜成共轭关系可得‘,l10mmf24mmZ1眼111'l17.2mmZ1'’llfZ1Z1眼'其中d取18mm,可取l42mmlld35.2mm,Z2Z2Z1'l1205125mmZ2
111f31.4mm场'‘llfZ2Z2场1其中场镜取K9玻璃,则n=1.5163(n1)()45场f场,,取r16.2mmd4.5mmr445(3)选取玻璃,计算半径①根据计算结果选取火石在前,选取ZF3玻璃()和ZK3n1.71721玻璃()n1.58912查阅设计手册的:
,,,,,29.561.20.930599A2.345945K1.672972121,,Q4.096345W0.196994P0.948205000②计算、:
WQ=2.531771W2.6P0WW0QQ2.7007590K③计算r、r、r:
123'fQ21r2'fn由111Q12n1rn1111'f11n112Q31rn1rn1n122322计算得:
n11Q0.4726151n11Q1.7701621n12Q1.50704131n12'fr50.78130mm11'fr13.55810mm22'fr15.92549mm33④目镜取,d4.5mmd1.5mm12五、像差数据和曲线
(1)、物镜像差数据1.初始参数物距半视场角(°)入瞳半径0415系统面数色光数实际入瞳上光渐晕下光渐晕7301-1理想面焦距理想面距离00面序号半径厚度玻璃STO73.45006.10012-56.75002.900BAK2
3-199.070054.900ZF240.000033.500150.00002.000K960.000033.500170.000014.379K9☆定义了下列玻璃:
BAK21.53991.5462761.537226ZF21.67251.6874721.666602K91.51631.5219551.513895-------计算结果--------1.高斯参数有效焦距(f')后截距(L')前截距(L)像距(l')120.0174114.37867-118.8126714.37867入瞳距离(lz)出瞳距离(lz')近轴像高(y')放大率(_)0.00000-106.855598.392430.00000入瞳直径(D)出瞳直径(D')拉赫不变量(J)像方孔径角(U')30.0000030.30417-0.314670.124982.像差***零视场像差***1H0.85H0.707H0.5H0.3H0H球差-0.0331-0.0619-0.0624-0.0415L'
-0.01720.0000弥散园-0.0042-0.0066-0.0055-0.0026LR'-0.00060.0000F光球差0.08590.0170-0.0138-0.0251LF'-0.0204-0.0140C光球差-0.0115-0.0256-0.01500.0176LC0.04920.0703轴向色差0.09740.04260.0012-0.0427LFC'-0.0696-0.0843***D光各视场像差***相对视场Lz1Lz2Yz'Xt'Xs'Xts'10.0000-106.7882-8.3871-0.8556-0.4234-0.4322.850.0000-106.8069-7.1303-0.6195-0.3064-0.3131.70710.0000-106.8219-5.9324-0.4295-0.2123-0.2172.50.0000-106.8388-4.1956-0.2152-0.1063-0.1089.30.0000-106.8496-2.5176-0.0776-0.0383-0.0393
Yz'CYz'Yz'FLT'LS'yFC'10.00530.01690.00020.0167-0.0340-0.0355.850.00330.0131-0.00100.0142-0.0337-0.0348.70710.00190.0101-0.00170.0118-0.0335-0.0343.50.00070.0065-0.00190.0083-0.0333-0.0337.30.00010.0036-0.00140.0050-0.0332-0.0333KT'1.0HKT'.7HKT'.3HKS'1.0HKS'.707HKS'.3H10.05410.02350.00380.01670.00760.0013.850.04610.02010.00320.01410.00650.0011.70710.03840.01670.00270.01170.00540.0009.50.02720.01190.00190.00820.00380.0006.30.01630.00710.00110.00490.0023
0.0004***高级像差***KT'snyLT'yKT'snhL'sn-0.04588-0.00084-0.003510.00014Xt'snXs'snyFC'snLFC'-0.00169-0.000550.181680.00000***垂轴像差***☆没有考虑实际渐晕系数(即认为渐晕系数都为1)-------子午垂轴像差()(像面位移:
0)Yt'1.0H0.85H0.7071H0.5H0.3H0H1-0.05921-0.06299-0.05881-0.04576-0.029270.00000.85-0.03692-0.04264-0.04096-0.03235-0.020830.00000.7071-0.02032-0.02718-0.02721-0.02185-0.014150.00000.5-0.00424-0.01154-0.01288-0.01059-0.006840.00000.30.00234-0.00401-0.00533-0.00414-0.002410.00000
0-0.00418-0.00663-0.00555-0.00260-0.000650.00000-1.0H-0.85H-0.7071H-0.5H-0.3H-0H10.167420.135360.105900.067720.036840.00000.850.129090.104310.081090.051070.027280.00000.70710.097120.078570.060660.037470.019530.00000.50.058650.047960.036590.021660.010650.00000.30.030330.025890.019580.010800.004710.0000000.004180.006630.005550.002600.000650.00000-------子午光线对弥散圆直径±1.0H±0.85H±0.7071H0.5H±±0.3H±0H10.226630.198350.164710.113480.066110.00000
.850.166020.146950.122050.083420.048110.00000.70710.117440.105750.087860.059320.033680.00000.50.062890.059490.049470.032260.017480.00000.30.027990.029890.024910.014940.007120.0000000.008370.013250.011100.005210.001290.00000-------弧矢垂轴像差分量()Ys'Zs'1.0H0.85H0.7071H0.5H0.3H10.01667-0.058180.01148-0.052340.00765-0.043440.00367-0.029290.00129-0.01661.850.01410-0.043210.00971-0.039660.00647-0.032930.00310-0.021890.00109-0.01219.70710.01169-0.031190.00804-0.029490.00536-0.024510.00257-0.015950.00090-0.00863
.50.00823-0.017690.00566-0.018060.00377-0.015030.00181-0.009280.00063-0.00464.30.00492-0.009050.00339-0.010740.00226-0.008960.00108-0.005010.00038-0.0020800.00000-0.004180.00000-0.006630.00000-0.005550.00000-0.002600.00000-0.00065物镜曲线:
(2)、目镜像差数据和曲线像差数据:
1.初始参数物距半视场角(°)入瞳半径022.752.5系统面数色光数实际入瞳上光渐晕下光渐晕53-100.5-0.5理想面焦距理想面距离00面序号半径厚度玻璃STO28.58001.5001211.56104.500ZF33-19.724015.600ZK3416.52004.500150.00002.495K9
☆定义了下列玻璃:
ZF31.71721.7346811.710371ZK31.58911.5958621.586242K91.51631.5219551.513895-------计算结果--------1.高斯参数有效焦距(f')后截距(L')前截距(L)像距(l')19.621582.49478-6.742432.49478入瞳距离(lz)出瞳距离(lz')近轴像高(y')放大率(_)-10.00000120.682838.228010.00000入瞳直径(D)出瞳直径(D')拉赫不变量(J)像方孔径角(U')5.00000-30.11686-0.314500.127412.像差***零视场像差***1H0.85H0.707H0.5H0.3H0H球差-0.3095-0.2225-0.1534-0.0764L'-0.02740.0000弥散园-0.0397-0.0242-0.0139-0.0049LR'-0.00100.0000
F光球差-0.3129-0.2268-0.1583-0.0820LF'-0.0335-0.0063C光球差-0.2975-0.2102-0.1409-0.0636LC-0.01460.0129轴向色差'-0.0154-0.0165-0.0174-0.0183LFC'-0.0189-0.0192***D光各视场像差***相对视场Lz1Lz2Yz'Xt'Xs'Xts'1-10.000057.2223-7.98470.3537-1.15611.5098.85-10.000067.2066-6.81460.0724-0.83950.9119.7071-10.000077.8940-5.7024-0.0122-0.58390.5717.5-10.000094.6861-4.0684-0.0289-0.29400.2650.3-10.0000109.8206-2.4579-0.0142-0.10640.0922yFC'Yz'Yz'FYz'CLT'LS'10.24330.24700.23770.00930.3847-0.3082
.850.17920.18820.17240.0158-0.0522-0.3116.70710.11570.12640.10890.0175-0.2038-0.3120.50.04560.05540.04000.0153-0.2802-0.3112.30.01050.01710.00690.0102-0.3024-0.3102KT'1.0HKT'.7HKT'.3HKS'1.0HKS'.707HKS'.3H1-0.0931-0.0355-0.00510.00110.00080.0002.85-0.0212-0.0066-0.00070.00610.00310.0006.70710.00390.00350.00080.00710.00350.0006.50.01290.00680.00130.00600.00290.0005.30.01010.00510.00090.00380.00190.0003***高级像差***
KT'snyLT'yKT'snhL'sn0.001370.694180.011110.06979Xt'snXs'snyFC'snLFC'-0.18903-0.005840.003800.01092***垂轴像差***☆没有考虑实际渐晕系数(即认为渐晕系数都为1)-------子午垂轴像差()(像面位移:
0)Yt'1.0H0.85H0.7071H0.5H0.3H0H1-0.01314-0.003220.002990.007340.007220.00000.85-0.01891-0.00971-0.003960.000400.001490.00000.7071-0.02178-0.01233-0.00641-0.00182-0.000300.00000.5-0.02545-0.01475-0.00799-0.00264-0.000740.00000.3-0.03003-0.01759-0.00958-0.00305-0.000630.000000-0.03971-0.02422-0.01387-0.00487-0.001050.00000-1.0H-0.85H-0.7071H-0.5H
-0.3H-0H1-0.17315-0.11263-0.07392-0.03814-0.017330.00000.85-0.02352-0.01432-0.00932-0.00532-0.002890.00000.70710.029640.020600.013460.006030.001960.00000.50.051220.033970.021590.00960
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