名词性从句.docx
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名词性从句.docx
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名词性从句
名词性从句
一、语法知识
(一),主语从句
1,由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所…的(东西)”,实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句.也可以由-ever等代词引导.
Whattheyaretalkingaboutisnothingvaluable.
WhatIreallywantistohaveagoodrest.
Whatevershedidiswrong.
Whoeverpassestheexamcanget50yuan.
Whoeverusedtohaveanothernameraiseyourhand.
2,由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替.
Thathehasdisappearedworrieshisparents.
Itworrieshisparentsthathehasdisappeared.
Itisnotlikelythathecanwinthelottery.
Itisabigsurprisethatheisstillalive.
3,由连接代词或连接副词或whether引导的从句.
Whenshewillbebackisstillaquestion.
Wheretheyhadputthefilestroubledthespy.
Whetherhewilltakepartintheplayisclear.
WhetherornotshewillgotoJapanisuptoher.
(二),宾语从句
1,由连接代词或副词引起的从句.
Pleaseshowmehowtomakehimhappy.
Idon’tknowwhodidallthecleaning.
HaveyoudecidedwhomyouwilltaketoAustralia?
Shestillwonderedwhenshewouldleaveschool.
Iamwonderingwhether/ifthedressistooshort.
HeadvisedmewhichbooksIshouldread.
还可以做介词的宾语.
Thesingerstillworriesaboutwheretolive.
Thepricedependsonhowmanyyouwillbuy.
2,由关系代词型what等代词引起的从句.
IwilltellyouwhatIknow.
We’llgivewhateverhelpyouneed.
Iplantoreadwhicheverbookyourecommend.
Hisfatherwasnotsatisfiedwithwhathehad.
ShewalkeduptowhereIstood.
3,由that引起的从句,在believe,think,suppose后常不加that.
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,也只将前面的词否定.
Idon’tthinkyoucanbeatme.
Hedoesn’texpectweneedworry.
有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语.
SheremindedmethatIhadameetingtoattend.
Theyexplainedtousthattheydidn’tmeantomakeusangry.
有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中,that引起的从句常常移到后面,前面用一个it作为形式宾语.
Ithoughtitveryimpossiblethatshewouldcome.
Theytookitforgrantedthatthesingerwascoming.
(三),表语从句是接在系动词后面的宾语从句.
(四),同位语从句,在idea,factrumor,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等等词后面,常常用that或连接代词或副词引导从句.
Ihadnoideathattheywereinthatplane.
Heleftmeamessagethathewouldbuymeaticket
totherockconcert.
Thenewsthatwewillhaveaone-monthvacationisnottrue.
二、练习与检测
1._____weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.
A.WhenB.What
C.ThatD./
2._____Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
A.IfB.Whether
C.EvenifD.Nomatterwhen
3._____knowsthetruthaboutitwilltellyou.
A.WhothatB.That
C.WhoeverD.Thatwho
4._____heisdoingseemsquitedifficult.
A.HowB.That
C.WhichD.What
5._____certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.
A.That’sB.Thisis
C.It’sD.What’s
6._____thatthereisanothergoodharvestthisyear.
A.ItsaysB.Itissaid
C.ItwassaidD.Hewassaid
7._____thatshehasreceivedadoctor’sdegree.
A.It’sasplendidnewsB.Thisisasplendidnews
C.It’ssplendidnewsD.Thisissplendidnews
8.Itisstrange_____.
A.thatnooneshouldlikethisbook
B.thatnoonelikedthisbook
C.thatwhynoonelikesthisbook
D.whynoonelikesthisbook
9.Itissuggestedthattheexperiment_____underlowtemperature.
A.makesB.ismake
C.shouldbemadeD.willbemade
10._____stillneedstobediscussed.
A.Howistheplantobecarriedout
B.Howtheplanistobecarriedout
C.Whyistheplancarriedout
D.Whytheplancarriedout
11._____isunknowntousall.
A.WheredidsheputitB.Wheresheputit
C.ThatwheresheputitD.Inwhichsheputit
12._____nothingtodowithus.
A.WhathedidisB.Whathehasdoneis
C.WhatdidhedohasD.Whathehasdonehas
13.That’s_____thePartycalledonustodo.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.why
14.Shelooked_____sheweretenyearsyounger.
A.thatB.like
C.asD.asthough
15.ThereasonIhavetogois_____ifIdon’t.
A.thatshewillbedisappointed
B.becauseshewillbedisappointed
C.onaccountofherbeingdisappointed
D.thatshewillbedisappointing
16.Itwas_____heworkedhardthathesucceeded.
A.becauseB.since
C.asD.for
17.Itseemedthatthegirl_____.
A.hadlostimportantsomethingB.hadlostsomethingimportant
C.lostimportantthingsD.lostsomethingimportant
18.Thefact_____heisanadvancedworkeriswellknown.
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.why
19.Thefact_____inthepastfewyearsprovesthatourParty’spolicyiscorrect.
A.thatgreatachievementwasmade
B.whichgreatachievementsweremade
C.whathavebeenmade
D.thatgreatachievementshavebeenmade
20.Ihavenoidea_____.
A.whatdoestheword“infinity”mean
B.whattheword“infinity”means
C.whatthemeaningoftheword“infinity”
D.whattheword“infinity”mean
21.Hissuggestion_____toseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.
A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgo
C.thatwewouldgoD.whenweshouldgo
22.I’llcertainlytelltheEmperor_____pleasedIamwithit.
A.howB.what
C.whoD.whom
23.Iwonder_____heaskedsuchasillyquestioninpublic.
A.howB.what
C.thatD.why
24._____doyouthinkwillteachusmathsnextterm?
A.WhomB.Who
C.WhatD.That
25.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto_____wantstohaveit.
A.whomeverB.whoever
C.whomD.whatever
26.Do_____youthinkisright_____difficultiesyoumayhave.
A.what/howeverB.that/what
C.whatever/whoeverD.what/whatever
27.Areyousure_____?
A.whethersheishonestB.thatsheishonesty
C.sheishonestD.isshehonest
28.Hewasinterestedin_____hehadseenattheexhibition.
A.whichB.that
C.allwhatD.allthat
29.Heoftenthinksof_____hecandomoreforthefourmodernizations.
A.whatB.how
C.thatD.which
30.Take_____muchyouwantand_____youwantto.
A.however/whenB.whenever/how
C.however/whoeverD.however/whenever
三、练习与检测答案
1—5CBCDC6—10BCACB11—15BDADA16—20ABCDB
21—25AADBB26—30DCDBD
北京四中
英语语法知识难点
(一)
年级:
高三 科目:
英语 编稿:
李俊和 审稿:
李俊和 责编:
张晓俊
(一)形容词和副词
I.要点
A.形容词
1、形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。
如:
Heishonestandhardworking.
Ifoundthebookinteresting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。
如:
Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.
TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。
如:
thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.
2、形容词比较等级的形式
(1)规则形式
一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;--est来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most.如:
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant
(2)不规则形式
good(well)-better-best
bad(ill)-worse-worst
many(much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3)形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than.如:
Heisclevererthantheotherboys.
Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.
②表示两者以上的比较,用"the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)…"如:
Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.
③表示两者是同等程度,用"as+形容词原级+as".如:
HeisastallasI.
Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.
④越…越…
例如:
ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.
⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好
又如:
Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。
Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B.副词
1、副词的种类
(1)时间副词如:
ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等
(2)地点副词如:
here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。
(3)方式副词如:
carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。
(4)程度副词如:
almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。
2、副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。
如:
Ofalltheboysthesings(the)mostbeautifully.
Wemustworkharder.
3、某些副词在用法上的区别
(1)already,yet,still
already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。
如:
We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.
Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.
Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.
(2)too,aswell,also,either
too,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和aswell多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。
either 用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。
如:
Hewenttheretoo.
Hedidn'tgothereeither.
Ilikeyouaswell.
Ialsowentthere.
(3)hard,hardly
hardly意为"几乎?
quot;与hard在词义上完全不同。
如:
Iworkhardeveryday.
Icanhardlyrememberthat.
(4)late,lately
lately意为"最近、近来",late意为"晚、迟"。
如:
Henevercomeslate.
Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?
II.例题
例1Tom'sfatherthinksheisalready____
Ahighenough Btallenough
Cenoughhigh Cenoughtall
解析:
该题正确答案是B。
修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。
因此该题选B。
例2____theworseIseemtobe.
AWhenItakemoremedicine
BThemoremedicineItake
CTakingmoreofthemedicine
DMoremedicinetaken
解析:
该题正确答案为B。
"the+形容词比较级+…,the+形容词比较级+…"意为越…,越…。
该句意为:
吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。
例3"Ihaven'tbeentoLondonyet".
"Ihaven'tbeenthere____".
Atoo Balso Ceither Dneither
解析:
该题正确答案为C。
A和B都用于肯定句中。
D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不",而C-either则用于否定句中,意为"也"。
例4MrSmithwas____movedatthenews.
Adeep Bdeeply Cverydeep Dquitedeeply
解析:
该题正确答案为B。
A.deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如digdeep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。
而D- quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰。
(二)介词
I.要点
1、介词和种类
(1)简单介词,常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。
(2)复合介词,如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1)和动词的搭配,如agreewith,
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