高考英语一轮复习专题三定语从句.docx
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高考英语一轮复习专题三定语从句.docx
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高考英语一轮复习专题三定语从句
第五章定语从句
指示代词
从句中的意思
从句中充当的成分
that
指人或物
主,宾
which
指物
主,宾
who
指人
主,宾,(非介宾)
whom
指人
宾语
whose
某人的或某物的
定语
where
地点
状语
when
时间
状语
why
原因
状语
as
“正如”
主,宾,表,状
Heisamanwho/thatmeanswhathesays.他是一个说话算数的人。
Thepeoplewho/thatyoumetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.
Isthereanyoneinyourdepartmentwhosefatherisapainter?
TheyoungmanwithwhomItravelledcouldspeakEnglish.
Thebookwhich/thatyouarereadingiswrittenbyanovelist.
★1.ThisistheroomABCIcleanedjustnow.
ThisistheroomDIstayedjustnow.
AthatBwhichC/Dwhere
2.I’llrememberthedayABCwespenttogether.
I’llrememberthedayDwedancedtogether.
AthatBwhichC/Dwhen
3.ThisisMr.smithAteachesEnglishinourschool.
ThisisMr.smithwithBweoftenplaybasketballafterschool.
ThisisMr.smithCdaughterstudiesinourclass.
ThisisourschoolCteachersarekindandfriendly.
AwhoBwhomCwhoseDits
1.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词/关系副词:
在先行词和定语从句中起连接作用的词,他们代表先行词,同时在从句中担任一定的句子成分.
区别一:
所指代先行词不同
区别二:
在句中所担任成分不同
1.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?
2.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.
3.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.
4.Thepackagethat/whichyouarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.
5.DongguanistheplacewhereIwasborn.
6.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmeteachother.
7.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhelefthomeearly?
8.Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.
9.Iwillshowyouthepointwhereyoufail.
10.Hehadtofacetheconditionswherepressurewasheavy.
11.Iwon’tforgetthetimethat/whichyouhavetoldme.
12.Therewasatimewhenmanatethingsraw.(过去有个时期,人类吃生东西)
13.Sheislookingforwardtothedaywhenherdaughterwinsthechampionship.
14.Thereasonwhyhecannotcomeisthatheisill.
15.Thereasonthat/whichhetoldmeisnottrue.
方法一:
看定语从句中的谓语动词,如果谓语动词是及物动词而且后面且无宾语必须用关系代词,而不及物动词用关系副词。
方法二:
看先行词在定语从句中的成分(主谓宾定状)如果先行词在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,必须用代词,而做状语用关系副词。
☑如何区分which和that?
以下情况只用that不用which
=>多少不人物句,恰一同最序
*①Ilikeeverythingthatyoutoldme.
②ItisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhaveseen.
③Thisisthesecondplacethatwevisitedthisyear.
④AreyouinterestedinthebookandthewriterthatyouItoldyou?
⑤Theveryambulancethatwasavailablebrokedownontheway.仅有的能找到的救护车在路上抛锚了。
⑥Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthattime.他是当时唯一在场的人。
⑦ThisisthesamehousethatIsold2yearsago.
⑧Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?
(避免和which重复)
只用which,不用that(两后,逗号之后,介词之后)
①OurschoolisafamousschoolinBeijing,whichwasfoundedinthe1950S.
②Shelostthegame,whichdepressedheralot.
③Hestudiedinthisuniversityfor4years,afterwhichhewentabroad.
④Thepenwithwhichyouarewritingismagic.
★非限定性定语从句
名称
意义
结构要求
功能
引导词
限制性
起限定作用,指特定的人或物,不可省略,否则原句句意不完整
紧跟先行词,同先行词之间一般不加逗号。
修饰先行词
关系代词、关系副词或that(作宾语时可以省略)
非限制性
仅作补充说明作用,若省略不影响原句句意。
用逗号与主句隔开
修饰先行词或整个句子
关系代词、关系副词,不用that
1.Heisstudyinghard,whichhisteacherscansee.
2.Ourguide,whowasaFrenchCanadian,(法裔加拿大人)wasanexcellentcook.
3.Peter,whomyoumetinLondon,isnowbackinParis.
4.Mr.Smith,fromwhomIhavelearnedalot,isafamousscientist.
5.Theboy,whosefatherisanengineer,studiesveryhard.
关系代词which在非限定性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词,形容词,短语,其他从句或整个从句,在从句中做主语,动词宾语,介词宾语或表语。
1.Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,which(指代整个句子)wasnottrue.
2.Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,which(代表主句的形容词)herhusbandseldomwas.
3.Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewaslittletense,whichwasunderstandable.
4.HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay1st,whenhewillbefree.
5.TheywenttoLondon,wheretheylivedforsixmonths.
★Helentmeathousanddollars,whichwasexactlytheamount(数量)Ineeded.
★Acrimson(深红色的)flush(脸红)wasglowing(发热,发光)onhercheck,whichhadbeenlongsopale.她苍白已久的脸颊泛起了红晕
★Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinfullsplendor.太阳,整天躲在云层里,现在又光芒四射了。
ThemanuscriptwaswritteninLatin,whichlanguageIdidnotunderstand.手稿是拉丁文写的,我看不懂。
Hehastwosisterswhoareworkinginthecity.他有两个妹妹在这个城市里工作(还可能有别的妹妹)
Hehastwosisters,whoareworkinginthecity.他有两个妹妹,都在这个城市工作
Thechildrenwhowantedtoplayfootballweredisappointedwhenitrained.(想踢足球的人失望,另一些人不在意)
Thechildren,whowantedtoplayfootball,weredisappointedwhenitrained.(都想踢足球,都失望)
Which/as/it/that/what?
ItisreportedthatChinaismoreandmorepowerful.
ItisreportedthatChinaismoreandmorepowerful.
Asisreported,Chinaismoreandmorepowerful.
Chinaismoreandmorepowerful,whichisreportedinpapers.
WhatisreportedinthepapersisthatChinaismoreandmorepowerful.
Chinaismoreandmorepowerful,whichimpressesforeignfriendsalot.
窍门:
☑It…that…主语从句
☑As引导的句子在句首时用逗号隔开
☑what…isthat…前面是主从,后面是表从
☑which引导的句子只能在句子中,议为这一点,这件事
☑as引导的句子在句首句中均可,议为两个字:
正如
As能引导哪些从句?
As(正如,主)isreportedinthepaper,Chinaismoreandmorepowerfuldaybyday.
As(因为)itwasaserioustrafficaccident,fewpassengerssurvivedinit.原因状语从句
As(随着)welookedatthepicture,wealllikeditmoreandmore.
Thegirllookedbehindas(当)shewasgoinghome.
Iselectedatieas(when)Iwasgiventhechance.
Doitas(按照)Itoldyouandyouwillpasstheexam.
HespeaksRussianas(和…一样)fluentlyasIspeak.
Oldasheis,hekeepstrackoftheworld.(尽管)
★because,as,since,for(四个因为)
Because语气最强,回答why;as,since表示众所周知的原因;for(逗号隔开,放在句中,补充说明)
1.As在定从中做主语(非限定),有时相当于which,可放在句首,句中,句末
①Hemarriedher,as(主)wasnatural.
②Davidisdiligent(勤奋的),asisallhisclassmates.
③Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,as(宾)everybodycansee.
④As(关系代词,引导定从,正如)everyoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.
⑤Theearth,asweknow,movesaroundthesun.
⑥Ashehoped,shewonthechampionship.(她如愿以偿获得了冠军)
⑦Heisnoscholar,as(表语)hisfatheris.(他根本不是他爸爸那样的学者)
⑧Asapoetpointsout,lifeisbut(only)adream.人生如梦。
As引导从句同时作宾语
=>下面是常见as引导的结构,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。
asiswellknown众所周知asishoped正如希望的asisoftenthecase情况常常如此
asisusualwithsb.某人经常如此asmaybeimagined可以想象的出asisnatural很自然asoftenhappens这种情况经常发生asissupposed如所预料的
ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述asisanticipated如所预料的ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的asisthecustomwith习惯如此aswillbeshownin…将在…指出
二.as引导限制性定语从句
在先行词定语从句中,as多和such或thesame连用,构成such…as和Thesame…as结构,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
as做宾语时不可省略
1.Suchpeopleaswererecommendbyhimwerereliable.
2.SuchbooksasIhavereadareclassicalworks.
3.Ihaveneverseensuchatalentedyoungmanasheis.
4.Iwouldliketousethesametoolas(主语)isusedhere.
5.Inthecity,IsawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamedof.
6.Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.他是古今无双的伟大画家。
*ThisisthesamebookasIreadlastweek.同一类
ThisisthesamebookthatIreadlastweek.同一个
三.As和which的区别(非限定性)
①as和which都可以指代主句的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可以换。
As位置灵活,句前句中句末,which只能放在句末
e.g:
1.Asyouknow,Taiwanisanin-separatepartofChina.
2.Taiwan,asyouknow,isanin-separatepartofChina.
3.Taiwanisanin-separatepartofChina,asyouknow.
4.Taiwanisanin-separatepartofChina,whichyouknow.
②意义不同(as:
正如,好像表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义,即从句主句语义一致,当从句与主句语义不一致时或者从句与主句是因果关系时用which)
1.Theymarried,asweexpected.
2.Theymarried,whichwehadn’texpected.
3.Asoftenhappens,theywonthematchagain.
4.Itrainedheavily,whichpreventedusgoingout.
③结构不同,as常用于一些固定结构中,类似插入语,而which常用于which+谓语+宾语/宾补。
如以上那些结构中
1.Asisknowntous,themoontravelsroundtheearth.
2.Mike,asweexpected,aroundthemeeting.
3.Shecameatonce,whichsurprisedmeverymuch.
4.Thegirlheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.
总结:
相同之处:
当先行词指整个句子的意思时,这类非限定性定语从句只能用which和as引导.
区别:
☑which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后,而as引导的都可以.
☑Which常翻译为“这”而as翻译成“正如”而且多和see、expect、imagine、know、hope等动词连用.
☑在定从中做主语时,如果用as,谓语部分一般有be;若谓语是不含有be动词的行为动词时一般要用which.
☑as引导的定从只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事,而which不受此限制.
一.√As还有一点需要强调,有些语法书上认为as在非限定性定从中为关系代词做主,宾,表,有的语法书认为可以做状语
*Weinvitedallsuchpeopleaswerelikelytocome.(as在句中做主语.as相当于suchpeople)即Allsuchpeoplewerelikelytocome.
*Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.(我从没听说过他讲的这类故事,as在句中做宾语)
*Ihaveneverseensuchafoolasheis.(做表语)
*Ishoulddoitinthesamewayasyoudid.(as做状语)
2.Such…as(代词)引导定语从句,such…that(连词)引导结果状语从句
E.g:
1.Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.(as做宾语)
2.Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.(that不做成分)
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