广东省湛江市届高三上学期调研测试英语试题 Word版含答案.docx
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广东省湛江市届高三上学期调研测试英语试题 Word版含答案.docx
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广东省湛江市届高三上学期调研测试英语试题Word版含答案
绝密★启用前
湛江市2021届高中毕业班调研测试题
英语2020.11
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
TajMahal,India
TajMahalmeans“CrownofthePalaces".Itsconstructionbeganin1632andtook21years,andthetotalcostcameoutto32millionrupees,whichequalsmorethaneighthundredmillionUSD.TheprojectwasoverseenbyaboardofarchitectsledbyUstadAhmadLahauri.
HungarianParliamentBuilding,Hungary
SevenyearsafterthecityofBudapestwasestablished,theparliamentofHungary,calledtheHungarianDiet,wantedabuildingconstructedtorepresentthenation'ssovereignty(主权).Thebuilding'sconstruction,whichtook19yearstocomplete,required100,000peopleandincluded40millionbricks,500,000preciousstones,and88poundsofgold.
ChateaudeChambord,France
ThemixtureofFrenchmedievalandRenaissancearchitecturetook28yearstocomplete(thoughneverfully)andoriginallyservedasahuntinglodgeforKingFrancisI.AlthoughthestructurewasconsideredtobedesignedbyDomenicodaCortana,itissaidthatLeonardodaVinciwasalsoinvolved.
SaintsPeterandPaulCathedral.Russia
TheoldestlandmarkinRussia'sSt.Petersburgisalsothelocationoftheworld'stallestreligiousbelltowerat122meterstall.Thecathedralwasbuiltbetween1712and1733,designedbyDomenicoTrezziniundertheruleroftheRussianempireatthetime,PetertheGreat.
1.WhywasHungarianParliamentBuildingbuilt?
A.Toprovidethekingwithaplacetolivein.
B.Toshowthepowerofthenation.
C.Toserveasahuntingplace.
D.Tobealandmark.
2.Whichofthefollowingtookthelongesttimetobuild?
A.TajMahal.
B.HungarianParliamentBuilding.
C.ChateaudeChambord.
D.SaintsPeterandPaulCathedral.
3.Whereistheworld'stallestreligiousbelltower?
A.InIndia.
B.InHungary.
C.InFrance.
D.InRussia.
B
AfterwatchingStanford'sgraduationcelebrationonline,Farrowtooktosocialmediatoannouncethemilestonetoherfollowers.“Igraduatedfromcollegetoday.First-generation,low-income,andfirstfrommytribe(部落)tograduatefromStanford,"sheposted.Themessagequicklyattractedthousandsoflikesandcomments.Farrowsaidshewasshockedbythesuddenfame.“Ididn'tknowhowtoreact,”shesaid."So,IkindofkeptitasecretforaslongasIcould."Butthatprovedtobeeasiersaidthandone.
Farrow'shomeisontheUmatillaIndianReservationinthecountrysideofOregon.Thereservationissmallandhometoabout3,500membersoftheConfederatedTribesoftheUmatilla.Growinguptherewasn'talwayseasy.Fewresidentsattendcollege,andmanyarelow-incomeandfacehealthchallenges.
"LikemostreservationsintheUnitedStates,wehavealotofhealthdisparities(差异)thatrangefrommentalhealth,physicalhealthandspiritualhealth,"shesaid."Iwantedtobreakthatcycleforthebettermentofmyselfandthefuturegenerationsandmycommunity."Growingup,Farrowthrewherselfintoacademicsandschoolactivities.SheattendedalocaltribalhighschoolandearnedtheGatesMillenniumScholarship,afullacademicscholarshipforminoritystudents.
AtStanford,Farrowmajoredinpsychologywithaconcentrationinhealthanddevelopment.Shehadinitiallyplannedtopursueamedicalcareerandbecomeadoctorbuthasdecidedtoapplytograduateschoolthisfalltopursueamaster'sdegreeinpublichealth.Shehopestospendhercareerworkingtoimprovehealthoutcomesforlocalpeople.
Farrowsaidherexperienceinthereservationhasprovidedasolidfoundationforherfuture.“IwillrememberthefouryearsIspentatStanfordandI'mreallyexcitedtoseewhatisnext,"shesaid.
4.WhywasFarrow'sgraduationunusual?
A.Farrowkeptitfromothers.
B.Itwasbroadcastonsocialmedia.
C.Itreceivedconsiderableattention.
D.Farrowfailedtoattenditscelebration.
5.WhatcanweknowaboutFarrow'shometown?
A.It'sabackwardarea.
B.It'savastreservation.
C.Itlacksaccesstoeducation.
D.Ittakeshealthveryseriously.
6.What'sFarrow'splanforhernextstep?
A.Tobecomeadoctor.
B.Tofurtherherstudies.
C.Tostartworkinginherhometown.
D.Toearnagraduateschoolscholarship.
7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.NoPains,NoGains
B.TheRoadtoaKeyUniversity
C.StanfordGraduateShockedtheWeb
D.BreakingLimitation,AttainingSuccess
C
Asharkthatwalksinwaterinsteadofswimmingmightsoundstrange.However,thatispreciselyhowthefournewspeciesofthefish-foundinthewatersoftheIndo-Australianislands-moveacrosstheseafloor.Theuniqueoceananimalswerediscoveredbyateamofscientists,ledbyDr.ChristineDudgeonfromAustralia'sUniversityofQueensland.
Thenewly-foundspeciesbelongtothegenusHemiscyllium,thesamefamilyasthepreviouslyknownfivespecies.Atlessthanameterlongonaverage,muchshorterthanmostknownspecies,walkingsharksareincrediblycutelittleanimalsandpresentnothreattopeople.Theyhaveallevolved(进化)tosurviveinlowoxygenenvironments,enablingthemtohuntduringlowtides.Theresearchersbelievetheirabilitytoliveinlowoxygenenvironmentsgivesthemaremarkableadvantageovertheunsuspectingsmalleranimalstheymainlyfeedon.
ADNAanalysisofskinpiecefromthelivefishsuggeststhatwalkingsharksbrokeawayfromtheirswimmingbrothersandsistersaboutninemillionyearsagoandbecameadistinctspecies.Thoughthatmayappeartobealongtimeago,itisrelativelyrecentgiventhatsharkshavebeenaroundformorethan400millionyears.Infact,DudgeonandherteambelievewalkingsharksaretheyoungestkindofsharksonEarth!
Thescientistssaythatthesharks'smallnumberandshallowhabitatmakethemextremelyvulnerabletonaturaldisastersandoverfishing.Threeoftheninewalkingsharkspecies,allofwhichliveinthewatersoffNorthernAustralia,easternIndonesia,andneartheislandofNewGuinea,arecurrentlyontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedList,whichlistsspeciesatrisk.Dudgeonandherteambelievesensibleconservationmanagementplansareurgentlyneededtoprotectthewalkingsharksandotherendangeredanimalsfromfurtherthreats.
8.What'sacharacteristicofthenewly-foundsharkspecies?
A.They'redangeroustohuman.
B.Theyswimacrosstheseafloor.
C.Theycansurvivewithoutoxygen.
D.They'resmallerthanmanyotherspecies.
9.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?
A.Peoplehavelongknownwalkingsharks.
B.Walkingsharksaretheoldestoftheirkind.
C.Researcherslearnalotfromthesharks'habitats.
D.Walkingsharksarecloselylinkedtoswimmingsharks.
10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable"inthelastparagraphmean?
A.Easytobehurt.
B.Hardtogetalongwith.
C.Fondofattacking.
D.Pickyabouttheenvironment.
11.What'sthepurposeofthetext?
A.Toeducate.
B.Toinform.
C.Toadvertise.
D.Toargue.
D
Asagreenhousegas,carbondioxide-orCO2-helpswarmtheatmosphere.Buttoomuchofthatgashasbeendrivinganatmosphericfever.Recently,ateamofresearchersfoundawaytoturnCO2intoausefulproduct.TheresearchersareturningCO2intoethanol(乙醇)whichisoftenaddedtogasoline.Althoughaddingethanolreducestheenergyingasoline,itoffersanicetradeoff:
ithelpsgasolineburnmorecleanly.SomakingethanolfromCO2wouldbebetterfortheenvironment.
Todothat,theresearchersdevelopedabrand-newcatalyst(催化剂)whichcouldacceleratethechemicalreaction.Withit,thevoltage(电压)neededtostartthenewCO2-to-ethanolreactionisfarlessthanwhat'sneededtostartsimilarreactions.Andalthoughchemicalreactionsoftenmakemanyunwantedbyproducts,thisnewonedoesnot.Morethan90percentofthefinalproductisethanol.
Thenewcatalystusesabedofcarbontosupportcopperatoms(铜原子)。
Thosecopperatomsarespreadout.Whenelectricityrunsthroughthecatalyst,copperatomsjoinup,forminggroupsof3or4atoms.ByfiringpowerfulX-raysatthem,theresearchteamcould“monitorthechemicalreactionasithappens”。
Thoseatomgroupsactivatethecatalyst,helpingtheCO2reactwithwater.TheCO2nowdividesintocarbonandoxygenatoms.Andthewaterdividesintohydrogenandoxygenatoms.Allofthesefreedatomsnowrearrangethemselvestoformethanol.
Althoughmanyscientistsdescribethenewprocessas“verycool",theyarestillabitskeptical.“Acloserlookatthereactionisneeded,"chemistAnnaKlinkovasays."Itcouldbemorecomplexthanwhatispresented."Theresearchersarecontinuingtoexperimentwiththenewprocess.Theyalsohopetomakeotherusefulmaterialsfromcarbondioxide."That'swhythenewstudyisn'tafinalstep,”aresearchersays.“Thisisjustthebeginningofthislongresearchjourney."
12.Whyisethanoladdedtogasoline?
A.Tomakedrivinglesscostly.
B.ToturnCO2intocleanenergy.
C.Toreducethegasolineconsumption.
D.Tolessentheharmofgasolineburning.
13.What'stheadvantageofthenewcatalyst?
A.ItgivesofflittleCO2.
B.Itisenvironment-friendly.
C.Itincreasestheoutputrate.
D.Itlowersthevoltageinthereaction.
14.Howcanresearchersobservethereactionprocess?
A.ByusingX-rays.
B.BydividingCO2.
C.Byjoiningupcopperatoms.
D.ByrearrangingtheatomsinCO2.
15.What'sAnnaKlinkova'sattitudetothenewprocess?
A.Supportive.
B.Doubtful.
C.Negative.
D.Particular.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项
为多余选项。
GreenLivingSolutionsforSmallBudgets
Thereareplentyofmajorenvironmentalchangesyoucanmakewhenyo
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