大学英语精读第三册Unit 6 words 2.docx
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大学英语精读第三册Unit 6 words 2.docx
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大学英语精读第三册Unit6words2
Unit6Howdowedealwiththedrugproblem
Ⅰ.TargetGroup:
Second-yearStudents
Ⅱ.TeachingObjectives:
Inthisunit,studentswillbeableto
1getgeneralbackgroundinformationabouttheauthorandthetext.
2identifythemainideaofthepassage.
3grasp15keywordsinthepassage.
4reviewthewayofexpressingtheobjectandtheusageofdeterminers
III.TeachingProcedure:
1stLesson:
Warm-up&ReadingComprehension
1Abouttheauthor:
GoreVidal(1925-)isaprolificAmericannovelist,playwrightandessayist;oneofthegreateststylistsofcontemporaryAmericanprose.
ClarencePage:
PulitzerPrizewinner;columnistandmemberoftheeditorialboardattheChicagoTribunesince1984.Twiceaweek,headdresses,withpassionandstyle,thesocial,economicandpoliticalissuesaffectingpeopleintheUnitedStatessuchascrime,education,housing,hungerandbigotry.
CharlesKrauthammer:
AftergraduatingfromCanada’sMcGillUniversity,CharlesstudiedpoliticaltheoryatOxfordandthenwenttoHarvardMedicalSchool.Trainedasaneurologistandpsychiatrist,hereturnedtopoliticalanalysis,firstasasenioreditorattheNewRepublicandthenasasyndicatedcolumnist.Acollectionofhisessayshasbeenpublished,andhehaswonaPulitzerPrizeforcommentary.Theexcerpthereistakenfromanarticlehepublishedin1988.
2.Backgroundinformation
Today,youngpeopleusing"ecstasytablets"semi-openlyatpartiesisnotararesceneinsomecities.Amongofficiallyregistereddrugaddicts,70percentareundertheageof35.Andthetypesofdrugstheyusearebecomingmoreandmorediverse.Manyfactorsareinvolvedsuchasteachinginschools,theroleofneighborhoodcommitteesandnon-governmentorganizations(NGOs),mentalhealthsupport,familyenvironmentandmediainfluence.
Theworldneedsawell-consideredpracticalapproachandcoordinatedeffortstomakeheadway.Therealitytodayisthatinmanyplaces,youngpeoplehaveverylimitedaccesstoknowledgeaboutdrugsalthoughdrugabuseandtraffickingarespreadingintheseareas.Inlargecitiesandrelativelyrichareas,manyoftheattemptswehaveseensofar,mainlyrepresentedbylecturesorpostersandshort-termcampaigns,aresuperficial.
Itisthegovernment'sdutytofindwaystosolvetheseproblems.Atthesametime,parentsandteachersshouldlearntoimprovetheircommunicationskillsandprovideemotionalsupportfortheirchildrenorstudents.Youngpeopleshouldalsobeencouragedtoseekcounselingforemotionalproblems.
2ndLessonGrammar&Vocabulary
1.Advocacy
n.拥护,支持,鼓吹
例句:
Advocacyoftheabolitionofslavery.废奴主义废除奴隶制的主张
Advocacyofcausesincourt.辩护法庭中案件的辩护
Advocacyofsuchasystemofgovernment.联邦主义这种政府体制的主张
2.Analogy:
类比
Todrawananalogy:
makeananalogy.
例句:
Ourmanagerisfondofdrawinganalogiesbetweenbusinessandfootball.
3.Bail
Bailout:
1)tohelpapersonoranorganizationthatishavingproblems;
2)togivemoneytoacourtwhensb.isallowedtostayoutofprison
3)toescapefromanairplanebyparachute
4)toemptywaterfromaboatusingasmallcontainer
4.Ban
v.禁止,剥夺权利
n.禁令,禁止
例句:
Abanontheimportationofdrugshadbeenissuedrecently.
最近已经颁布了禁止进口毒品的法令。
Theprotestersshowedtheirdefianceoftheofficialbanondemonstrations.
抗议者藐视官方的示威禁令。
Thereisabanonsmokinginthetheatre.
这剧院内禁止吸烟。
讲解:
【词源解说】
直接源自古英语的bannan,意为召唤,禁止。
5.Deglamorizev.toplaydown/reducethegloriouscolorofsth/sb
例句:
Theydeglamorizetheimageofthepresidentbypaintinghimaclown.
Thepreviousmoviestarisnowdeglamorizedasadrunkard.
6.Impoverishv.toreducetopoverty
例句
Rainandexcessiveusehaveimpoverishedthesoil.
Hislifewouldhavebeengreatlyimpoverishedifhehadnotknownthatfriendoninternet.
构词法
Prison—imprison监禁
Pose—impose强加
Plant—implant灌输
7.Intoxicantn.asubstancethatmakespeopledrunk
例句:
Sheishisintoxicant,alwaysenchantinghim.
Ican’tgetusedtodrinkswithintoxicant.
Intoxicatev.
a.tocausesb.toloseself-controlasaresultoftheeffectsofadrug,agas,ordrink
b.toexcitesb.greatly
例句:
Hehaddrunkallnightandwasthoroughlyintoxicated.
Iwasintoxicatedwiththebeautiesofthescene.
8.Non-repressiveway:
awayoftacklingadifficultproblembypersuasion,andnotbyforceorviolenceorbylawsputtingunreasonablelimitsonpeople'sfreedom
Repressiveadj.harsh;severe
例句:
Herhusbandhasarepressivetendencytowardshersociallife.
PeoplecondemnedtherepressivemeasurestakenbyParliament.
9.Proponent:
onewhoarguesinsupportsthof
Proponentofsth.
例句:
Shewasoneoftheproponentsofthenewmotion.
Asadeterminedproponentofthepolicy,ifwasimpossibleforhimtodothat.
10.Rationalen.thefundamentalreasonsforsth.;alogicalbasis
therationaleofalesson教学原理
例句
TheSecretaryofInteriorexplainedtherationalebehindthenewrulesforlanduse.
11.rebut:
toshoworsaythatsomethingisnottrue;refute
Hecompletelyrebuttedtheallegation.
Rebuttal:
(fml.)arefusaltoacceptthatsth.istrue,asinadebate
12.Repealv.torevoke,withdraw,ornullify(alaw)officiallyorformally
Examples:
Thegovernmenthasrepealedtheruleofbanningcrackers.
Thatlawhaslongbeenrepealed.Youarereallyoutofdate.
13.reverse
Theeffectsofthediseasecanonlybereversedbyabone-marrowdonation.
Thestockmarketreversedcourseandclosedwithamodestgain.
He’salwaystaughtme,butnowtherolesarereversedandIcanteachhim.
14.Sane:
tokeepsb.Sane:
stopsomeonefromworryingorbecomingmentallyill
例句
Readingandtalkingarewhatkepthimsane.
todoubtone’ssanity:
tothinkthatonemightbementallyill
tokeep/loseone’ssanity:
toremain/notremainingoodmentalhealth
15.sentiment
abelieforanattitudetowardsth.
popularsentiment:
beliefsorattitudesthatmostpeoplehave
例句
Theproposalstakenoaccountofthepopularsentiment.
Mysentimentsexactly.—usedforemphasizingthatyouagreewithsomeone
3rdLesson:
TheAnalysisoftheText
☆SentenceParaphrase
1. Simplymakealldrugsavailableandsellthematcost.
Justmakealldrugseasytobuyandsellthemwithoutprofit.
atcost:
foronlytheamountofmoneythatisneededtomakeorgetsth,withoutanyprofitbeingaddedon,e.g.
Thecorporation(HabitatforHumanity)woulderectsimple,decenthousesandsellthematcost.
Idon’tbelievethosegoodsaresoldatcostasthey’veclaimed.
Cf.
atacost/atwhatcost:
usedtosaythatitmaynothavebeenworthdoingsthbecausesomuchhasbeenlostordamagedasaresult,e.g.
Heobtainedaprofessorshipintheend,butatacosttohismarriage.
atthecostofsth,e.g.
Idon’tthinkyoushouldworksohardatthecostofyourhealth.
atallcosts/atanycost:
usedforsayingthatsthmustbedone,howeverdifficultitisorhowevermuchdamageitcauses,e.g.
Wewereinstructedthattheman’slifebesavedatallcosts.
2.Don’tsaythatmarijuanaisaddictiveanddangerouswhenitisneither,unlike“speed”,whichkillsmostunpleasantly,orheroin,whichisaddictiveanddifficulttokick.
Don’texaggeratetheharmfuleffectofmarihuana.Itisneitheraddictivenordangerous,asisoftendescribed.Differentiateitfrom“speed”andheroin,‘speed”causesdeathwhileheroinisdifficulttostopusingonceapersonisaddictedtoit.
marijuana:
themostwidelyuseddrugamongyoungpeople.ItisestimatedthatmorethanoneoutoftenofthepopulationintheUShavetriedit.Manyofthedisputesaboutdrugusecenteronthissubstance.Somepeoplethinkthatitisverydangerouswhileothersconsideritlessharmfulthanalcoholandthatpeopleoughttobeallowedtouseitiftheywish.Mostpeoplewhohavestudiedthesubjectthinkthatmarijuanaisnotasharmfulasmanyotherdrugs,whicharecondensed,butthatitisdangerous,thereforeitisbetternottoencouragepeopletousemarihuana.
“speed”:
aformofamphetamine,astimulant(adrugthatmakespeoplefeelmorealertandawake)usedbysomedoctorstohelptheirpatientsloseweight,becauseitdepressestheappetite.Butthemedicalprofessiondiscouragethisuse.Amphetaminesareaddictivebecausetheymakepeoplefeelself-confidentandabletostayawakeforalongtimeand,gradually,usersfindtheymusthaveregularandever-largedoses,otherwise,theycannotwork,studyorgoabouttheirusualactivities.Intime,someofthemturntoaparticularlydangerousformofamphetamineknownasMethedrine,or“speed”.
3. Fordtherecord,inhavetriedalmosteverydrugandlikednone,disprovingthepopulartheorythatawhiffofopiumwillenslavethemind.
…andIdon’tthinkaperson’smindwillbedominatedbyopium/Idon’tagreethatapersonwillbecomeaddictedtoopiumifhetakesasmallamountofit.
fortherecord:
declaredopenlyandofficiallysoastomakeknownone’sdisagreement,e.g.
“Fortherecord,”saidtheSenator,“Ithinkourefforttoreducecrimeisafailure.”
Fortherecord,Ifindparentsaremakingabigmistakeimposingtheirvaluesontheirchildren.
awhiffofsth:
(mainlyliterary)asmallamountofsthoraslightsignorfeelingofsth,e.g.
awhiffofonion;awhiffoffear/danger/scandal/hypocrisy/success
enslavethemind:
toaffectpeopletotheextentthattheywilllosecontrolovertheirownlives
4.Alongwithexhortationandwarning,itmightbegoodforourcitizenstorecallthattheUnitedStateswasthecreationofmenwhobelievedthateachmanhasehrighttodowhathewantswithhisownlifeaslongashedoesnotinterferewithhisneighbuor’spursuitofhappiness.
Whileurgingpeoplenottotakedrugsandwarningthemo
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